湖南省馆藏航空摄影底片 整理建档与利用价值浅析

湖南省航空摄影范围已覆盖全省辖境21万余平方公里，自上世纪60年代以来，在不同历史时段进行过黑白、彩色和多光谱波段的摄影，取得了不同像幅、多种比例尺、不同时期的航空摄影底片。湖南省国土资源信息中心馆藏航空摄影档案资料包括航摄底片、飞行摄影记录文档和航摄配套图件资料，     

海岸带数字航空摄影质量控制与评价

随着机载POS系统和数字航空摄影技术应用于海岸带地形测量,水线曲折、水域面积广阔、滩涂陡缓不一、具有潮汐变化等多因素给海岸带航空摄影质量控制带来诸多问题。因此,为了得到优质的调查结果,需对获取的航空摄影资料进行质量评价。通过分析航空摄影作业过程及获取成果的类别,从中选取能够全面衡量航空摄影质量的指标元素,对这些元素加以预先控制以提高最终成果质量; 基于专家经验法和数学统计法对各指标元素赋予权重,提出了全要素直接参与的加权法对航空摄影数据质量进行评价; 归纳了在获取与处理过程中影响质量的各子元素间的相关性,可利用该特点在今后的作业中进行有针对性的改善或控制,达到提高成果精度的目的。对渤海海岸带航空摄影数据的评价结果显示,整体质量优秀,与实际的制图结果吻合,成果精度满足海岸带地质调查需求,质量控制和评价方法可行。     

利用航空摄影法寻找石英脉

苏联东北部的大部分地区,由于交通不便,露头不好,给普查带来了许多困难,所以利用航空摄影法普查找矿就具有特殊的意义.鄂霍次克-楚科奇火山带一个低温热液金矿石英脉的判读经验证明,利用航空摄影法寻找此类矿床是有效的.矿床位于森林稀疏的冻土地区,具冰雪剥蚀的低到中等地势.本区出露的岩石为早     

中原城市群城市土地集约利用评价

我国人多地少的国情决定了必须集约利用土地资源，文章通过对影响城市土地集约利用因素的分析，确定集约利用指标，提出城市土地集约利用评价方法，构建了城市土地集约利用宏观评价指标体系，运用到中原城市群土地的集约利用宏观评价中。通过指标权重的计算和评价标准的确定，最终对中原城市群的土地集约利用水平做出了判断，并针对性的提出了相关对策，以促进中原城市群土地集约利用水平的提高，为更好的进行土地管理、实现土地资源的合理利用提供基本依据。     

乌兰木伦河谷彩红外航空摄影成果通过评审验收

乌兰木伦河谷彩红外航空摄影成果通过评审验收受华能精煤公司委托，核工业北京地质研究院遥感研究中心承担的乌兰木伦河谷地带彩红外航空摄影，经过两个多月的努力已圆满地完成任务。乌兰木伦河航摄区位于内蒙古自治区与陕西省交界处。本次航摄是继１９８７年和１９８８年...     

成都市土地利用现状遥感调查研究

利用美国陆地卫星TM遥感图像资料，对成都市土地利用现状进行调查研究，全面系统地查明了成都市土地利用状况及其分布规律，分析与评价了土地利用的合理程度，揭示了土地利用中存在的主要问题，并提出了土地资源可持续利用的对策与建议，可为政府有关部门合理利用土地资源，制定国土整治规划提供科学依据。     

对新一轮土地利用总体规划修编的几点建议

土地利用总体规划作为政府调控土地资源配置的重要手段，是政府加强用地管理，促进土地资源合理、高效利用的基础和保证。通过分析上轮土地利用总体规划中存在的问题，指出在新一轮土地利用总体规划中应该从控制指标、刚性和弹性规划机制两个方面来创新编制方法。     

影响我国土地节约集约利用因素及对策

土地节约集约利用，是推进经济增长方式转变，实现经济、社会可持续发展的客观要求，是实现耕地总量动态平衡的必由之路。本文通过对土地节约集约概念的阐述，对土地节约集约利用进行分析，从而提出了实现土地节约集约利用的对策。     

湖南省土地资源可持续利用问题探讨

在分析论述了湖南省土地资源的特点与利用条件和湖南省当前土地利用中存在着耕地数量减少，耕地后备资源不足、人地矛盾突出、土地利用结构与布局不合理、土地利用效量低下、土地质量下降等问题及其主要原因的基础上，提出了湖南省土地资源可持续利用的对策。主要包括合理开发利用和保护耕地步源，加强土地资产化管理，提高土地资源利用效率，因土制宜，合理布局和使用农用土地，加强土地生态建设，提高土地质量，健全和完善土地法规和政策等。     

岷江上游土地资源适宜性评价研究

岷江上游地区的可持续发展直接影响着四川省社会经济的发展，以岷江上游土地资源适宜性评价为研究对象，利用地理信息系统（GIS）技术，建立了该地区的土地资源基础信息库；利用面向对象编程技术，应用模糊集合综合评价法及对各土地适宜性监介指标确定和适宜性等级的划分进行了岷江上游土地资源适宜性评价，并提出了土地利用规划及今后改造利用的方向。     

Use of geoprocessing in the study of land degradation in urban environments: the case of the city of São Carlos,state of São Paulo,Brazil

This paper presents a methodology for the geological engineering survey of land degradation in urban environments using both remote sensing and geoprocessing tools. The area under study was the city of São Carlos, state of São Paulo, Brazil (urban and expansion area). The data presented here were obtained from earlier studies, photointerpretation and geological engineering mapping. The Envi 4.1 software package was used to prepare the digital orthophotos that served as a reference base for the information. Orthorectification of the Ikonos image (PSM, 1 m) was done and compared with other orthophotos from studies of environmental degradation in urban areas. The evolution of land degradation processes was analyzed based on the photointerpretation of aerial photographs taken on different dates and using Ikonos image. This study allowed to conclude that most of the degradation occurring in the city has been caused by unplanned land occupation, in disregard of environmental conditions, resulting in environmental degradation and thus impacting the quality of life of the urban population.     

The use of press data in the development of a database for rainfall-induced landslides in Tegucigalpa,Honduras, 1980–2005

The capital city of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, suffers from the occurrence of destructive landslides on a yearly basis. During the rainy season, damages to infrastructure as well as injuries, casualties and homeless individuals resulting from landslides are reported in the press. This paper presents the development of a database for rainfall-induced landslides for the period 1980–2005, based on the news reported by two local newspapers. The editions comprehended during the study period have been scrutinized, and articles focusing on landslides, tropical storms, hurricanes, floods and vulnerability of the city have been collected. The interpretation of these archives has allowed the compilation of valuable data of approximately 400 landslides. The analyses of monthly and annual precipitation during the study period show how extreme rainfall events like Hurricane Mitch in October of 1998 have significantly contributed to the initiation of landslides. In addition, the assessment of the slums and neighborhoods affected by landslides during the study period reveals an evident link between the social and physical vulnerability of Tegucigalpa. In order to estimate the reliability of this press-based database, the set of landslides that have been reported as a result of Hurricane Mitch in the press archives has been compared with two inventories based on the interpretation of aerial photographs taken in 1999 and 2001. It is shown that the analysis of the landslide damage left after the hurricane can be enriched with the detailed temporal data provided in the archives and the precise location of these events determined by the aerial photographs. Despite the difficulties faced in the compilation of this database, a good comprehension of the temporal and spatial distribution of landslides in Tegucigalpa has been achieved.     

The acquistion and application of basic land use data in urban growth analysis: A case study of Metropolitan Lagos

Basic to the study of urban growth is information on population and land use changes. These basic data are generally lacking in Nigeria. This paper examines and assesses the growth of urban land use of Lagos (the Federal Capital of Nigeria) through a systematic utilization of sequential serial photographs (taken in 1962 at a scale of 1:40,000, and in 1974, at a scale of 1:20,000) and computer techniques. The land use data resulting are then used in evaluating the population growth of Lagos. The resulting population estimate is then compared with the available population data. The study concludes by recommending the use of remote sensing, especially aerial photography for the acquisition of basic urban data not only in Nigeria but also in other developing countries lacking in such data.     

MapGIS K9软件在山东省土地变更调查建库工作中的应用

为准确掌握每年土地利用实际变化情况,保持土地调查数据的现势性,全国各地每年进行土地调查数据库更新工作。山东省自2011年开始使用 MapGISK9软件进行数据库更新,通过对软件的应用,总结更新过程中遇到的各种技术问题,为新一轮建库工作的顺利进行提供更多经验和有效解决方法,推进了全省土地变更调查工作。     

Use of an artificial neural network for analysis of the susceptibility to landslides at Boun,Korea

The purpose of this study was to develop landslide susceptibility analysis techniques using artificial neural networks and to apply the resulting techniques to the study area of Boun in Korea. Landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs and field survey data. A spatial database of the topography, soil type, timber cover, geology, and land cover was constructed and the landslide-related factors were extracted from the spatial database. Using these factors, the susceptibility to landslides was analyzed by artificial neural network methods. The results of the landslide susceptibility maps were compared and verified using known landslide locations at another area, Yongin, in Korea. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to analyze efficiently the vast amount of data and an artificial neural network turned out to be an effective tool to analyze the landslide susceptibility.     

Application of remote sensing and GIS for delineating groundwater recharge potential zones of Kovilpatti Municipality,Tamil Nadu using IF technique

During the last three decades, remotely sensed data (both satellite images and aerial photographs) have been increasingly used in groundwater exploration and management exercises. An integrated approach has been adopted in the present study to delineate groundwater recharge potential zones using RS and GIS techniques. IRS-1C satellite imageries and Survey of India toposheets are used to prepare various thematic layers viz. geology, soil, land-use, slope, lineament and drainage. These layers were then transformed in to raster data using feature to raster converter tool in ArcGIS 9.3 software. The raster maps of these factors are allocated a fixed score and weight computed from Influencing Factor (IF) technique. The weights of factors contributing to the groundwater recharge are derived using aerial photos, geology maps, a land use database, and field verification. Subjective weights are assigned to the respective thematic layers and overlaid in GIS platform for the identification of potential groundwater recharge zones within the study area. Then these potential zones were categories as ‘high’, ‘moderate’, ‘low’, ‘poor’. The resulted map shows that 19 % of the area has highest recharge potential, mainly confined to buried pediplain, agriculture land-use and river terraces (considerable amount of precipitated water percolates into subsurface), 28 % of the area has moderate groundwater recharge potentiality and rest of the area has low to poor recharge potentiality. The residual hills and linear ridges with steep slopes are not suitable for artificial recharge sites. Finally, 13 % of total average annual precipitated water (840 mm) percolates downward and ultimately contributes to recharge the aquifers in the Kovilpatti Municipality area. The paper is an attempt to suggest for maintaining the proper balance between the groundwater quantity and its exploitation.     

Soil erosion assessment and its verification using the Universal Soil Loss Equation and Geographic Information System: a case study at Boun,Korea

This study is aimed at the evaluation of the hazard of soil erosion and its verification at Boun, Korea, using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing. Precipitation, topographic, soil, and land use data were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and remote sensing data. Areas that had suffered soil erosion were analysed and mapped using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The factors that influence soil erosion are rainfall erosivitiy (R) from the precipitation database, soil erodibility (K) from the soil database, slope length and steepness (LS) from the topographic database, and crop and management (C) and conservation supporting practices (P) from the land use database. Land use was classified from Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite images. The soil erosion map verified use of the landslide location data. Landslide locations were identified in the Boun area from interpretation of aerial photographs and field surveys.     

Predictive landslide susceptibility mapping using spatial information in the Pechabun area of Thailand

For predictive landslide susceptibility mapping, this study applied and verified probability model, the frequency ratio and statistical model, logistic regression at Pechabun, Thailand, using a geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing. Landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs and field surveys, and maps of the topography, geology and land cover were constructed to spatial database. The factors that influence landslide occurrence, such as slope gradient, slope aspect and curvature of topography and distance from drainage were calculated from the topographic database. Lithology and distance from fault were extracted and calculated from the geology database. Land cover was classified from Landsat TM satellite image. The frequency ratio and logistic regression coefficient were overlaid for landslide susceptibility mapping as each factor’s ratings. Then the landslide susceptibility map was verified and compared using the existing landslide location. As the verification results, the frequency ratio model showed 76.39% and logistic regression model showed 70.42% in prediction accuracy. The method can be used to reduce hazards associated with landslides and to plan land cover.     

应用MAPGIS进行土地利用现状数据库建设

简要介绍一般县(市)土地利用现状数据建库工艺流程和建库过程中的方法和经验。对我省正在进行的土地利用数据建库具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Statistical analysis of landslide susceptibility at Yongin, Korea

The aim of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility of landslides at Yongin, Korea, using a geographic information system (GIS). Landslide locations were identified in the Yongin area from interpretation of aerial photographs, field surveys, and maps of the topography, soil type, timber cover, and geology. These data were collected and constructed into a spatial database using GIS. The factors that influence landslide occurrence, such as slope, aspect, and curvature of topography, were calculated from the topographic database. Texture, material, drainage, and effective soil thickness were extracted from the soil database, and type, age, diameter, and density of timber were extracted from the forest database. Lithology was extracted from the geological database, and land use was classified from the Landsat TM satellite image. Landslide susceptibility was analyzed using the landslide occurrence factors by probability and logistic regression methods. The results of the analysis were verified using the landslide location data. The validation results showed satisfactory agreement between the susceptibility map and the existing data on landslide location. The GIS was used to analyze the vast amount of data efficiently, and statistical programs were used to maintain specificity and accuracy. The results can be used to reduce associated hazards, and to plan land use and construction.