浅谈开发与利用学生自身地理课程资源

一、资源的内容 所谓学生自身地理课程资源是指隐含在学生自己身上的一些与地理教学活动有关的信息、资源,如学生的肢体、学生的年龄、性别、学生的兴趣、学生原有的知识储备等。学生自身地理课程资源具有生成性、发展性、多样性、难以复制性等诸多特点。     

“极地地区”（第一课时）教学设计

一、设计思路 运用多种教学资源和教学手段,创设生动、形象的课堂情境。激活学生原有的知识储备,不断引导学生探究。充分发挥学生的想象力,给学生讨论、表达思想的时间和空间,使学生潜能得以挖掘,个性得以彰显,不同层次的学生各有所得。     

基于情境认知理论的地理教学情境设计

合理创设教学情境是提高地理教学有效性的重要教学策略之一。地理教学情境丰富多彩、形式多样。直观情境有利于激发学生的学习兴趣,引发学生情感上的共鸣;问题情境有利于引发学生的认知冲突,激发学生的思维;合作情境有利于培养实践共同体,促进学生的互动交流;探究情境有利于激发学生的创新欲望,开发学生的创新潜能,培养学生的创新精神;生活情境有助于培养学生的实践能力,促进知识的迁移。创设教学情境应遵循实效性、和谐性、启发性和多元性原则。     

初中学生地理社团建设的实践与思考

学生社团是由学生自发成立的组织,学生自愿参加、自主结合、自主活动,它和以往的兴趣小组最大的不同是体现了学生的自主性。兴趣小组中辅导教师是小组的灵魂,是组织者、主导者,而学生社团则是一个全程由学生组织、主导的“民间组织”,教师在其中也起作用,至多只不过是“顾问”的角色。     

“两点一过程”备课模式的实践探索——以“地球自转的地理意义”为例

课堂教学的要素很多,包括学生、教师、教材、教具、教室等。其中学生是课堂教学的主体,其它的要素都是以学生这一主体为中心,通过各种途径、形式来帮助、促进学生学习。由此,教师备课首先要清楚学生的情况,包括学习的知识基础、能力、困难等。     

乡土案例在地理教学中的递进式运用

乡土是学生的成长环境,为学生所熟知,便于学生调查、分析、理解、感悟。将乡土地理引入学生的日常教学,可以缩小学生与学科知识之间的距离感,提高学生的实践能力。凶此,课堂上运用恰当的乡土案例,远比书本中原有的文字描述、图片、活：动等更有说服力。我在课堂上引入乡土案例主要经历了以下过程。     

地理教学中运用学生经验的误区与改进

学生已有经验是指学生以往的生活与学习经历,以及他们在此过程中形成的体验、认识和观点,它们是学生后续学习的“前认识”,对学生学习新知的影响深刻。多数地理老师会有意识地引导学生基于他们的已有经验自主探索新知,既遵循了学生的认知规律,又激发了学生的自主意识。但在教学实践中,也出现了盲目化、粗浅化、片面化、绝对化等使用倾向,引发了一些低效的教学行为,值得关注、需要改善。     

浅谈学案型教学在写作课中的尝试——由一次写作课引发的思考

新的课程改革倡导自主、探究、合作的学习方式。在初中英语的写作课上,教师依据学生的认知水平和知识结构,指导学生对材料进行建构、编制的写作学习方案。让学生学有所得,学有所用,体现学生的综合素养。     

用导学案引领学生与教材对话——以“交通运输布局”为课例

导学案是学生自主学习的重要载体,在导学案中编制贴近学生生活的案例,不仅能引导学生自主学习,还最大化地调动了学生学习的热情,增强学生解决地理问题的能力,培养学生热爱家乡、热爱生活的情感。     

新课标下初中地理评价方式初探

传统地理教学的评价方式主要为单元测试、学期考试,评价焦点集中在学生对基础知识的掌握和读图填图能力的提高上。这种重终结性评价而轻过程性评价的主要弊端,在于强调学生对书本知识的记忆,忽视对地理知识的深刻理解和灵活运用。而新课程标准不仅把分数评判看做是课程学习的有机组成部分,关注学生的学业成绩,更多的是发现学生各方面潜能,力求通过评价达到交流信息、鼓励学生上进、发展能力的目的,以促进学生的健康发展。我对于学生地理评价是这样设定的,学生的地理评价=试卷评价＋作业评价。     

Reconstructing the development of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range during the latter half of the Holocene

We examine the sequence of changes in the structure of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range (Baikal region) for the last 6000 years, based on a continuous recording of fluctuations of the vegetation reconstructed from spore-pollen complexes of a high peat bog. We determined the chronological timeframe of paleogeographical events. The study showed that there occurred a radical structure transformation of the geosystems in the mid-late Holocene, along with a recurrence of similar landscape transformations caused by the instability of natural conditions.     

On the origin of the seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere

Summary. It is known that flow in the mantle can produce preferred orientation in olivine crystals with seismic anisotropy as a consequence. Flow in the subcrustal lithosphere is unlikely because of the high viscosity. Lenses of high temperature and low-viscosity ( anomalous mantle ) are located under the crust in many tectonically active regions, and viscous flow can easily arise in such material resulting in seismic anisotropy. After cooling, such anomalous mantle acquires high viscosity and becomes incorporated into the lithospheric layer preserving the anisotropy produced by the flows which existed previously. The interaction of the stresses with cracks in the upper crust can be one of the causes of anisotropy in this layer.     

对沙漠化农田能转化效率及潜力的分析

我国北方东起黑龙江省嫩江地区, 吉林白城地区及辽宁西部, 包括内蒙兴安盟东南、哲里木、昭乌达、锡林郭勒、乌兰察布、伊克昭等盟的大部地区, 直至河北坝上、陕西榆林北部约26.7万平方公里的幅员范围内, 由于自然条件的特殊性(地表组成物质质地松散、沙粒成分比重很大及气候干旱、多大风, 且年内季风与周期性干旱相吻合), 加上人类不合理开发活动的影响, 成为我国目前沙漠化发展最活跃的地区, 其沙漠化土地近16.5万平方公里, 占全区总面积的61.5%。该地区有较长的经济开发史, 农、牧业相互影响, 交错分布的情况, 在历史上业已形成。据粗略统计, 该区范围内, 有旱作耕地近5, 000万亩, 多以传统的粗放的撂荒种植制进行经营, 长年遭受不同程度的风沙危害, 属于生产水平较为低下的农田类型。这些农田急待整治, 以便提高生产力。由于本区年均降水量在350-450毫米之间, 客观上具有发展旱作农业的可能性。如能合理经营、科学利用其自然资源, 将可能发展成为农、牧业结合的发达地区。从而对我国北方地区农业发展起促进作用。为了深化对沙漠化农田的认识, 揭示其生态失调的实质, 本文将就生态系统观点对其进行分析以寻求有效的整治沙漠化农田的途径。     

Direct determination of the characteristics of the currents responsible for the geomagnetic anomaly of the Rhinegraben

Summary. Previous geomagnetic measurements in the Rhinegraben have led us to assume that the responsible currents have the properties of direct currents and that they all flow in the sediments filling the graben. In order to verify these conclusions, we have performed measurements in a mine at a depth of 650 m. By comparing the field simultaneously recorded at the surface, in the mine and at the reference station, it is possible to deduce that the anomalous currents have the above mentioned properties.     

城市化的开发区模式研究

我国许多城市通过开发区建设,在短时间内完成了产业和人口的集聚,实现了城市地域空间和人口规模的跳跃性增长和产业结构的转型。由于在这种城市空间增长过程中,开发区建设起了决定作用,因此,这种以开发区带动整个地区城市化的方式可称为"开发区模式"。开发区驱动城市化的机制表现在开发区自身区域的城市化和开发区带动周围农村地区城市化两个层面,并具有快速跳跃性、外驱性和不稳定性、人为性、经济增长模式的单一性和基础设施建设的高标准性等特征。针对开发区建设中出现的问题,提出了促进其健康发展的建议。     

Chemical composition of waters and the phytoplankton of the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river

Field observations showed that the characteristics of chemical composition of waters and the development of plankton algae in the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river are determined by their flowage. The most open Lake Nekipelovskoe communicates with the Selenga outlets throughout a year, and Lake Zavernyaikha only at the period of an open channel. Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton are located in the islands and are isolated from the outlets. According to composition of main ions, the lakes under investigation refer to the hydrocarbonate class, the calcium group. The sum of ions in the water of Lake Nekipelovskoe approaches the one in the Selenga (86?221 mg/dm³), and the highest sums of ions were recorded in the wintertime in the lakes isolated from the outlets (446?743 mg/dm³). The lakes of the delta are characterized by a high trophicity. The maximum concentrations of total phosphorus in Lake Nekipelovskoe and Lake Zavernyaikha were 68 and 122 μg mg/dm³, and in Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton ?0.8 and ?0.63 μg mg/dm³, respectively. The most intense development of algae is observed in Lake Zavernyaikha, which is due to the high population of Baikal endemics. Lake Zavernyaikha showed a close negative correlation between the concentration of NO ₃ ^? , mineral phosphorus and phytoplankton biomass; the correlation coefficient was ?0.8 and ?0.63, respectively. The lakes exhibited increased contents readily hydrolysable organic matter, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in winter; hydrogen sulfide was repeatedly recorded in Lake Khlystov Zaton. The water quality in the lakes during the springtime varies from “quite clean” to “weakly polluted”; at low-water periods, especially in winters, it can drop to the category of “exceedingly dirty”. The water quality of the Selenga can be influenced by the lakes during spring floods when material accumulated during the wintertime is transported to the river outlets and further to Lake Baikal.     

Transformation of the vegetation cover in the zone of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk

The influence of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk on the vegetation cover of adjacent territories was revealed. The categories of resistance of some plant species and communities to technogenic loads have been ascertained. The protective role of overmoistening of habitats was observed for plants.