NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据的县级电力消费空间化研究

以NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据和Landsat-8影像为数据源,通过CART算法将Landsat-8影像分为人工表面地类和非人工表面地类,为非人工表面地类对应的夜间灯光区域赋值0,将人工表面地类对应到夜间灯光区域,并求取各个县级行政区域内的灯光值总和,结合廊坊市的电力消费统计数据建立夜间灯光总量与电力消费量之间的二次多项式回归模型。根据模型生成廊坊市500 m格网大小的电力消费空间分布图。研究结果表明:模拟的各县电力消费量的绝对误差和相对误差较小,相对误差最大为0.03%,这说明夜间灯光结合Landsat-8土地利用分类方法模拟的县级电力消费量的精度较高。全局Moran's I指数为0.63,表明廊坊市电力消费在空间分布上呈现较显著的聚集性;局部空间自相关分析表明廊坊市的电力消费具有一定的差异性。     

Detecting the Effects of Wars in the Caucasus Regions of Russia and Georgia Using Radiometrically Normalized DMSP-OLS Nighttime Lights Imagery

Satellite data can provide a remote view of developments in often dangerous conflict zones. Nighttime lights imagery from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) satellite was used to detect the effects of war in the Caucasus region of Russia and Georgia. To assess changes over time, the data were radiometrically normalized using cities with a relatively stable nighttime lights signature over the course of the study period, 1992-2009. Buffers were created around these stable cities to select the pixels that were then used to normalize cities and towns whose nighttime lighting fluctuated over time. The results show that conflict-related events such as large fires that burn for weeks and large refugee movements are possible to detect, even given the relatively coarse spatial resolution (2.7 km) of the DMSP-OLS imagery.     

监测网参数的可估性

监测网是一类特殊的控制网。本文根据可估定义，讨论了监测网中一些参数的可估问题，得到位移向量为不可估量，变形参数为可估量，此结论对于监测网的数据处理和设计具有较大的指导作用。     

基于多源夜间灯光数据的成渝地区近15年城市扩展监测

针对成渝地区双城经济圈建设前期对成渝地区城市扩展监测的需求,本文研究了利用多源夜间灯光数据进行城市扩展监测的方法,并优化了多源夜间灯光数据整合过程中拟合样本选取的方法.本文利用2004—2018年成渝地区多源夜间灯光数据进行示范应用,围绕夜间灯光总量、夜光标准差椭圆和首位度等指标,开展了成渝地区近15年城市扩展监测.研究结果表明:整合后的多源夜间灯光数据一致性明显上升,可提高宏观尺度上长时间序列的城市扩展监测的可靠性;近15年,成渝地区"成都-重庆"双核发展趋势增强,重心逐渐东移,建成区夜间灯光总增长率超过154％.     

夜间灯光支持下江西省典型城市发展动态监测

夜间灯光遥感与城市空间结构和经济发展具有较强的相关性.本文采用2012—2019年精细处理的美国国家极轨业务环境卫星(National Polar-Orbiting Partnership,NPP)搭载的可见光红外成像辐射仪(Visible InfraredImaging RadiometerSuite,VIIRS)夜...     

红外测距仪参数的监测与亏秩平差

本文讨论用秩亏自由网平差方法监测红外测距仪参数的漂移。首先证明以全组合法检测仪器参数的平差问题属亏秩平差范畴,然后讨论两种平差方法及相应的漂移显著性检验,并以算例说明具体实施步骤。结论是:只要充分注意监测精度,可以起到监测参数漂移的作用,从而减少例行的去专用基线场检测的各种耗费。     

监测网的精度测度与三维应变参数的准则矩阵

本文基于监测网的特点，用变形参数的精度来测度同的质量，讨论了精度标准的不变性，重点根据位移向量与应变参数的关系，构造了三维应变参数的准则矩阵，以供参考。     

Assessing the SMOS Soil Moisture Retrieval Parameters With High-Resolution NAFE'06 Data

The spatial and temporal invariance of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) forward model parameters for soil moisture retrieval was assessed at 1-km resolution on a diurnal basis with data from the National Airborne Field Experiment 2006. The approach used was to apply the SMOS default parameters uniformly over 27 1-km validation pixels, retrieve soil moisture from the airborne observations, and then to interpret the differences between airborne and ground estimates in terms of land use, parameter variability, and sensing depth. For pastures (17 pixels) and nonirrigated crops (5 pixels), the root mean square error (rmse) was 0.03 volumetric (vol./vol.) soil moisture with a bias of 0.004 vol./vol. For pixels dominated by irrigated crops (5 pixels), the rmse was 0.10 vol./vol., and the bias was $-$0.09 vol./vol. The correlation coefficient between bias in irrigated areas and the 1-km field soil moisture variability was found to be 0.73, which suggests either 1) an increase of the soil dielectric roughness (up to about one) associated with small-scale heterogeneity of soil moisture or/and 2) a difference in sensing depth between an L-band radiometer and the in situ measurements, combined with a strong vertical gradient of soil moisture in the top 6 cm of the soil.      

铁路路基关键参数长期监测方法与系统的研究

提出一种路基表面沉降和动位移光学测量方法,具有自动标定等优点,在此基础上构建了基于无线网络传输铁路路基关键参数远程监测系统。该系统主要由路基动位移自动测量、表面沉降自动测量、路基动应力与含水量自动测量以及数据采集与无线传输等部分组成。监测系统经实验室验证后,分别在大秦重载铁路大同路段以及茶坞路段进行了现场安装调试和实验,实现了对路基含水量、动应力、动位移和沉降的长时间自动远程监测。     

MODIS干旱监测模型各参数权值分析

以湖北省2003年6、7月份的数据作为试验数据,MODIS干旱监测模型采用最大连续有云天数、最大 连续无云天数、无云百分比和昼夜温差,并分析各参数的显著性和独立性以及对干旱监测的贡献程度,从而确定 各参数在模型中的影响权。结果验证了各参数的显著性和独立性,在没有地面数据验证的情况下,可认为其在 模型中近似等权;利用最大连续有云天数、最大连续无云天数、无云百分比和昼夜温差就能很好地监测旱情。     

Analysis of Lighting Changes in the Tourist City Edogawa Using Nighttime Light Data

When assessing remote sensing data, nighttime light data have shortcomings that can be attributed to sensor limitations and the influence of the natural environment. Signal leakage errors in nighttime light data were identified in this study. A regression model was created to reduce signal leakage error by selecting sampling points in coastal area. Lighting variations in Edogawa between 2008 and 2013 were compared based on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s nighttime light data. The lighting variation characteristics in Edogawa from 1992 to 2012 at 5-year intervals were also analyzed. The results show that the 2002 FIFA World Cup held in Japan led Edogawa’s light digital number values to peak in 2002. The annual Edogawa lighting changes from 2007 to 2013 were also explored. The 2008 global financial crisis led to the lowest compounded night light index and average digital number in Edogawa during these 7 years.     

Assessing Optimal Image Fusion Methods for Very High Spatial Resolution Satellite Images to Support Coastal Monitoring

This study examines best image fusion approaches for generating pansharpened very high resolution (VHR) multispectral images to be utilized for monitoring coastal barrier island development. Selected fusion techniques assessed in this research come from the three categories of spectral substitution (e.g., Brovey transform and multiplicative merging), arithmetic merging (e.g., modified intensity-hue-saturation and principal component analysis), and spatial domain (e.g., high-pass filter, and subtractive resolution merge). The image fusion methods selected for this study were capable of producing pansharpened VHR images with more than three bands. Comparisons of fusion techniques were applied to images from three satellite sensors: United States commercial satellites IKONOS and QuickBird, and the Korean KOMPSAT II. Pansharpened VHR multispectral images were assessed by spectral and spatial quality measurements. Results satisfying both spectral and spatial quality revealed optimum pansharpened techniques necessary for regular coastal mapping of barrier islands. These techniques may also be used to assess the quality of recently available VHR imagery acquired by numerous international, government, and commercial VHR satellite programs.     

云参数法干旱遥感监测模型的完善

在原有的云参数法干旱遥感监测模型的基础上,对云参数进行时间空间修正,得到了具有时间空间普适性的新型云参数法干旱遥感监测模型。首先分析了云参数随时空变化的规律即云参数影响函数,并分析确定修正函数的函数形式,然后联合遥感数据和同步地面实测20 cm深度土壤湿度数据确定修正函数,最后通过定权方式确定改进型干旱遥感监测模型。利用FY-2C数据进行了全国范围干旱遥感监测实验,同时与传统方法的监测结果进行对比分析,认为新型模型对空间时间大尺度条件下的干旱监测结果更准确可信。     

附有系统参数和附加约束条件的GPS城市沉降监测网数据处理方法研究

在城市地面沉降监测方面,为获取mm级垂向形变,仍存在诸如垂向误差削弱、基准选取、系统参数对高程形变影响等多项提高精度和可靠性的技术难题。分析了不同基准模型用于形变监测的作用和特征,推导了系统参数对平差结果的影响公式。通过对西安地区布设的GPS地面沉降和地裂缝监测网进行附加系统参数和附有约束条件的网平差进行计算,比较了不同平差方案的结果,得出了有参考价值的结果。     

基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的武汉城市圈拓展研究

选取2001年到2011年的DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据,采用二分比较法,确定历年武汉城市圈各城市建成区面积的提取阈值,提取建成区,平均误差仅为2.98％.分析了武汉城市圈城市化进程和空间拓展特点,研究表明,近十年来,武汉城市圈城镇用地拓展速度不断加快,武汉市的城镇扩展强度最大.此外,通过相关性分析了经济发展和人口城市化率对拓展的影响.     

Assessing uncertainty in VGI for emergency response

This research project examines the geographic data produced by volunteers via the Ushahidi web platform in response to the earthquake that struck Haiti in January 2010. Volunteers translated messages (text, e-mail, and voice) submitted by victims of the earthquake, categorized each message into a primary ‘emergency need’ category and subcategory, and georeferenced each message on a dynamic web-based map. Initial inspection of the categorized data indicated discrepancies between the emergency need submitted by victims and the subsequent categorization of the emergency need. Analysis of the main categorical data illustrated that 50% of the messages were mis-categorized by the volunteers, failing to convey the main idea of the victim’s message. At the subcategory level, approximately 73% of the messages failed to convey the main idea of the messages. These numbers are higher than the estimate of 36% error in categorization produced in an independent review of the Haiti Ushahidi database. While the volunteer response to the Haitian earthquake represents a paradigm shift in emergency response and victim empowerment that has been repeated in numerous natural and man-made disasters around the world, this study suggests the need for more research on the quality of the categorization (i.e., attribute data) of volunteered emergency data.     

利用DMSP/OLS灯光影像提取城镇建成区的聚类阈值法

提出了便捷、高效地提取城镇建成区的聚类阈值法。该方法以连通区域循环标识算法所识别的建成区对象为基本空间单元,以对象的规模和地理重心处像元灰度(DN)值的大小为不同城镇化发展等级的衡量指标,进行空间聚类;然后,借助统计数据确定各聚类区域的最佳灯光阈值序列,提取城镇建成区,并对各建成区对象进行几何形态优化,利用消除运算去除细小碎片,填充运算填充内部空洞,平滑运算消除边缘锯齿。将提取结果与历年的《中国统计年鉴》数据和利用Google Earth提取的影像数据进行对比分析,结果表明,聚类阈值法能较好地提取城镇建成区的面积总量信息和空间格局特征,在数量尺度和空间格局上均有较高的有效性及可靠性。     

Assessing the suitability of GlobeLand30 for mapping land cover in Germany

Global land cover (LC) maps have been widely employed as the base layer for a number of applications including climate change, food security, water quality, biodiversity, change detection, and environmental planning. Due to the importance of LC, there is a pressing need to increase the temporal and spatial resolution of global LC maps. A recent advance in this direction has been the GlobeLand30 dataset derived from Landsat imagery, which has been developed by the National Geomatics Center of China (NGCC). Although overall accuracy is greater than 80%, the NGCC would like help in assessing the accuracy of the product in different regions of the world. To assist in this process, this study compares the GlobeLand30 product with existing public and online datasets, that is, CORINE, Urban Atlas (UA), OpenStreetMap, and ATKIS for Germany in order to assess overall and per class agreement. The results of the analysis reveal high agreement of up to 92% between these datasets and GlobeLand30 but that large disagreements for certain classes are evident, in particular wetlands. However, overall, GlobeLand30 is shown to be a useful product for characterizing LC in Germany, and paves the way for further regional and national validation efforts.     

基于DMSP/OLS灯光数据的新一线城市空间扩展研究

利用DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像,综合运用地理学、分形几何学、RS和GIS分析技术,以15个新一线城市为研究对象,对城市的时空扩展和空间格局演变过程进行了分析.结果表明,各新一线城市建成区的高强度加速扩展主要表现为“圈层式”延伸和“跳跃式”新城区的建立;具体演变特征为:城市圆度和紧凑性水平降低,分形维数逐步增大,建成区离散程度逐渐增加,城市外部形态复杂度增大.