THE REGIONAL GOVERNANCE CONTEXT IN RUSSIA: A GENERAL FRAMEWORK

Many European urban regions have experienced a transformation from a compact monocentric toward a less compact polycentric urban region since the 1960s. The debate on emerging polycentricity in Europe so far tends to be more theoretical than analytical. The trend toward increasingly polycentric urban regions is meanwhile beyond dispute, but the effects of this transformation on urban regions and their components have only been explored to a limited extent. Are the "old" central cities only losing people, functions, and status to the new urban centers, or do these centers complement each other and specialize in terms of economic activities and population composition? This article presents evidence for the Amsterdam urban region regarding population distribution, selective migration, job growth, and economic specializations of the region's subcenters. It will become clear from our data that the Amsterdam urban region has indeed become more polycentric, but also that Amsterdam has managed to remain a vital center. The newer and older urban subcenters have become increasingly important, but rather than competing with Amsterdam, they develop in a complementary way.     

中国城市市政基础设施水平影响因子及非均衡性——基于城市分层分析框架

采用因子分析、空间统计分析、总体差异指数及分解等方法,分析2006年、2011年、2016年中国36个重点城市,253个普通地级市和338个县级市的市政基础设施因子、非均衡性及与经济发展水平关系的演变情况.研究表明:①不同层级城市市政基础设施的因子、非均衡性、空间分布及演变情况既有共同点,也有不同点.②"十八大"以来,...     

经济聚集与产业结构对城市土地利用效率的影响

<中作者单位三>=河南大学 环境与规划学院,河南 开封 475004从经济集聚、产业结构两方面构建城市土地利用效率影响因素分析框架,并通过计量经济模型定量考察经济集聚、产业结构对城市土地利用效率的影响.结果表明:① 现阶段中国城市土地利用效率处于随集聚程度的提高而增加的阶段,拥挤效应还不明显.同时,集聚程度的不同方面对土地利用效率的贡献大小存在差异,资本密度对城市土地利用效率的影响大于就业密度和人口规模,这表明现阶段中国城市经济增长主要由资本投入推动的.② 城市产业结构优化能够提高土地利用效率.资本有机构成的提高,意味着资本对劳动的替代作用增强,其进一步加大了资本对城市土地产出的推动作用,有利于土地利用效率的提升,但不利于城市就业水平的提升.     

中国城市空间拓展与经济增长关系研究——以261个地级市为例

近年来,随着中国城市化进程不断加快,各地普遍出现了以低价出让农业用地,盲目投资房地产及城市基础设施,大规模兴建新城区为主要特征的城市蔓延现象。造成这种城市建成区低密度无序扩张的原因,除了不规范的城市用地转化机制外,很大程度上是源于对城市化与经济发展关系的不当认识。以全国261个地级市为例,基于1990~2010年城市社会经济发展数据,采用多元回归模型客观分析了中国城市土地蔓延与经济增长的关系。研究结果表明,在控制住城市固定资产投资、外商投资（FDI）、房地产泡沫效应等因素后,城市现有建成区面积及其扩展幅度与其人均国民生产总值并没有显著相关关系。也就是说,单纯追求城市建成区规模扩张并不能直接促进城市经济发展。     

Globalisation and Border Dynamics: impacts on the urban development of Darwin,Australia

National boundaries and border cities have been transformed globally. This is partly due to neoliberal globalisation, the continuous formation of a ‘borderless world’ and partly to the global ‘war on terror’. Darwin, the capital city of the Northern Territory (NT), is on the northern coast of Australia, bordering its overseas Asian neighbours. Far away from the main Australian population centres in the south, the city grows slowly, relying mainly on Australian government investments, infrastructure, and the incorporation of defence programs in the north. The rise of Asia, as well as Australia's increasing economic reliance on Asia, has created new opportunities for Darwin's growth. The development of Asian economies has resulted in growing global investment in resource extraction in NT. Asia, though, has been seen as a key threat in the modern history of Australia. This national sensitivity is underpinned by the global ‘war on terror’ in which Australia is deeply involved. Australia has tight border control regimes and a growing military presence on the northern border area. This paper examines how these co-existing but contradictory dynamics have reshaped the urban development of Darwin City. The consequential social and spatial patterns are identified and discussed.     

基于能值分析的城市可持续发展水平与经济增长关系研究——以泉州市为例

城市作为一定区域的中心,在区域经济社会发展中起着举足轻重的作用,如何实现城市的可持续发展,也一直是地理学人地关系研究的热点问题。针对当前城市可持续发展研究中忽视其动态机制的现状,以泉州市为例,在运用能值分析法对可持续发展水平进行定量测度的基础上,通过构建可持续发展库兹涅茨曲线模型(SDKC)对泉州市的城市可持续发展水平与经济增长之间的动态关系进行分析,并运用改进的灰色斜率关联度模型对曲线成因进行了讨论。研究结果表明:泉州城市可持续发展水平与经济增长间存在先降后升的U型SDKC关系;城市可持续发展水平与经济规模,第二、三产业比重,出口依存度和政府影响力呈负相关,与第一产业比重、广义技术减排、外商投资呈正相关,并据此提出一些政策建议。     

Exploitation of mineral resource and its influence on regional development and urban evolution in Xinjiang,China

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between mineral resources exploitation and economic and urban development in Xinjiang. The article summarizes the mineral resource exploitation development of Xinjiang especially over the last 50 years, and investigates energy industries and their driving forces, directions, and economic impact on the oasis urban system evolution in Xinjiang. Methods like correlation analysis, location quotient and elastic coefficient are employed in the presentation and discussion, and also field reconnaissance surveys, interviews and secondary sources are used. The result shows Xinjiang＇s economic growth is promoted by the contributions of the increasing mineral resource industry which promotes economic development by accelerating infrastructure construction, developing industry and raising revenue and fixed investment. Mineral exploitation in recent years had profound impacts on urban development as a growth engine. The evolution of urban system has a close relationship with resource exploitation, and statistical results provide strong evidence to support the argument that mineral resource exploitation has promoted the growth of built-up areas and its expansion patterns in Xinjiang, especially regions along the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains.     

Evolving Spatial Form of Urban‐Rural Interaction in the Pearl River Delta,China

Much of the development literature and the theory of urban transition have been based on an arbitrary division of production space into city and countryside. Despite growing recognition of the need for an integrated approach to urban‐rural relations, controversial issues related to the definition and measurement of the phenomenon remain unresolved. This case study of spatial transformation in China's Pearl River Delta analyzes with greater precision the geographic extent and functional attributes of a zone of urban‐rural interaction located outside and between major metropolitan centers. This zone has been the spatial focus of industrial and commercial development, although most of its population remains officially classified as “agricultural.” The peri‐urban zone was initially left behind by the central cities in terms of its contribution to the regional economy. After a decade of postreform development, this zone has moved ahead of the central cities and become the region's main destination for in‐migrants and foreign investment. The growth of the zone of urban‐rural interaction outside the central cities has absorbed a significant amount of the increased urban population, but it has not brought about a reduction of regional economic inequality because of the persistence of a backward economy in the periphery. Theoretical questions are raised concerning the validity of several fundamental assumptions underlying the conventional model of urban transition.     

西部干旱区省会城市生态经济位比较研究

从生态经济位理论出发,提出了城市生态经济位概念及度量方法,并根据生态经济位计算模型,从社会、经济和环境因子三个层面归结了30个指标,建立了定量评价指标体系,依此测算了2002年、2003年西部干旱区6个省会城市的生态经济位,得出2002年和2003年在西部干旱区省会城市中,乌鲁木齐的生态经济位最大,西宁的生态经济位最小的结论。文章最后分析、解释了西部干旱区6省会城市生态经济位动态变化及其原因。     

开发区与我国城市空间结构演进及其动力机制

开发区是近20年来我国经济发展的重要空间载体。经济活动在开发区的集聚,对所在地区的空间结构产生了深刻的影响。结合对开发区的实地调研,提出我国开发区与城市空间结构演进的基本类型可分为双核结构、连片带状结构、多极触角结构等。并指出开发区与城市空间结构的演进主要是由跨国公司主导的外部作用力、城市与乡村的扩散力和开发区的集聚力共同作用的结果。     

城市经济可持续发展研究——以广州市为例

论述了城市经济可持续发展的内涵与特点,讨论了广州市经济增长与环境发展、经济增长与社会发展的不协调性,并从大力发展循环经济、发展科技、加强基础设施建设和加大教育投资等方面提出了实现广州市经济可持续发展的有效途径.     

河南城乡居民家庭人力资本投资差异分析

人力资本投资是经济增长的重要源泉。20世纪90年代以来,河南经济增长速度相对较快,但城乡之间经济发展差异较大,究其原因,人力资本投资城乡差异是其重要影响因素之一。河南城乡居民家庭人力资本投资差异较大,并有逐渐扩大趋势,这种现状如果得不到根治,将直接影响到河南经济的发展以及和谐社会的构建。根据城镇居民和农村居民消费价格定基指数,建立指数曲线趋势模型,分别从教育文化娱乐服务、医疗保健、交通通信3个方面分析河南居民家庭人力资本投资在城乡之间的差异以及与全国的差异,并利用聚类分析等方法探讨河南18个省辖市居民家庭人力资本投资的差异。     

新疆矿产资源开发对区域发展和城市演化的影响(英文)

The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between mineral resources exploitation and economic and urban development in Xinjiang. The article summarizes the mineral resource exploitation development of Xinjiang especially over the last 50 years, and investigates energy industries and their driving forces, directions, and economic impact on the oasis urban system evolution in Xinjiang. Methods like correlation analysis, location quotient and elastic coefficient are employed in the presentation and discussion, and also field reconnaissance surveys, interviews and secondary sources are used. The result shows Xinjiang's economic growth is promoted by the contributions of the increasing mineral resource industry which promotes economic development by accelerating infrastructure construction, developing industry and raising revenue and fixed investment. Mineral exploitation in recent years had profound impacts on urban development as a growth engine. The evolution of urban system has a close relationship with resource exploitation, and statistical results provide strong evidence to support the argument that mineral resource exploitation has promoted the growth of built-up areas and its expansion patterns in Xinjiang, especially regions along the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains.     

武汉城市群交通运输体系与城镇空间扩展关联分析

交通运输体系与城镇空间扩展的关联分析是揭示交通运输与经济增长作用关系的重要切入点。采用等时线叠置法和指标分区法,分析了武汉城市群交通可达性及交通优势度与城镇空间扩展的时空格局、关联特征及其作用机理。研究表明,交通运输体系与城镇空间扩展具有内在联系,呈现出互动耦合、协同演进格局。从作用机理来看,交通运输体系通过直接效应、外部效应和乘数效应对城镇空间扩展起着重要的支撑和推动作用;城镇空间扩展在“量”和“质”上对交通运输提出了新要求,刺激并保障了交通运输体系的发展,两者相互反馈、相互依赖。从政策启示来看,交通运输体系的空间不均衡是造成区域经济发展水平差异的重要因素,制定差别化的交通运输发展战略和完善一体化的交通运输体系是加快区域经济增长和缩小地区差距的重要途径。     

城市土地利用结构影响因素的通径分析——以重庆市为例

精确刻画城市用地结构与影响因素间的直接和间接效应对城市土地利用宏观调控和用地结构优化具有重要的意义。采用通径分析法,对重庆市城市土地利用结构与影响因素之间的关系进行定量厘定,结果表明:①人口增长对居住用地比例的直接效应最大(0.446),其通过经济发展、产业结构变化和交通基础设施发展的间接效应分别为-0.189、0.221、-0.042;经济发展、产业结构变化通过人口增长对居住用地的间接效应较大(0.420、0.309)。②产业结构变化、经济发展对工业用地比例的直接效应为-1.357和1.236,对公共服务用地比例的直接效应为1.387、-1.100;人口增长通过经济发展对工业用地比例和公共服务用地比例的间接效应分别为1.163、-1.036,作用方向相反。③经济发展、交通基础设施发展和产业结构变化是影响绿地比例的重要因素;人口增长通过经济发展后的间接效应(0.451)显著于直接效应(-0.117)。④经济发展、产业结构变化和人口增长及三者的耦合作用是影响城市用地结构的主要因素。     

An analysis of the differentiation rules and influencing factors of venture capital in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration

Under China’s innovation-driven development strategy, venture capital has become an important driving force in urban agglomeration integration and collaborative innovation. This paper uses social network analysis to analyze spatiotemporal differences of venture capital in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration for the period 2005–2015. A gravity model and panel data regression model are used to reveal the influencing factors on spatiotemporal differences in venture capital in the region. This study finds that there is a certain cyclical fluctuation and uneven differentiation in the venture capital network in the Beijing- Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration in terms of total investment, and that the three centers of venture capital (Beijing, Shijiazhuang and Tangshan) have a stimulatory effect on surrounding cities; flows of venture capital between cities display certain networking rules, but they are slow to develop and strongly centripetal; there is a strong positive correlation between levels of information infrastructure development and economic development and venture capital investment; and places with relatively underdeveloped financial environments and service industries are less able to apply the fruits of innovation and entrepreneurship and to attract funds. This study can act as a reference for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration in building a world-class super urban agglomeration with the best innovation capabilities in China.     

交通通达性对中国城市增长趋同影响的空间计量分析

交通基础设施建设是促进城市经济增长与趋同的重要手段。在新古典增长模型基础上,构建城市增长趋同的空间计量分析模型框架,利用1990-2012年中国273个地级以上城市数据,探讨城市间通达性和口岸通达性的改善对城市经济趋同的影响。研究发现：城市经济增长存在显著的空间相关性,趋同分析更适用空间计量方法;中国城市经济增长存在绝对趋同现象,且2001年后的趋同速度较20世纪90年代更快;全国层面,城市间通达性对城市经济增长及趋同的影响逐渐显现。进入21世纪后,通达性水平提升延缓了城市经济趋同速度,区域差距被进一步拉大。但在地区层面,城市间通达性的改善促进了东部、中部和西部地区内部城市的趋同;口岸通达性对全国城市经济的影响不显著,但对各地区城市趋同产生明显不同的影响。20世纪90年代到公路及水运口岸的通达性促进了中部城市的增长趋同,到公路和铁路口岸的通达性则延缓了西部城市的趋同速度。21世纪以后,公路口岸通达性主要影响中部和西部城市,铁路口岸主要影响东部城市的趋同进程。四类口岸通达性对东北城市的影响均不显著;最后,从促进城市经济增长与趋同角度,对交通基础设施建设的相关政策进行了讨论。     

中国城市群经济增长质量与数量协调关系的时空演化与机理

以中国“十三五”规划纲要提及的19个城市群为研究对象,分别从经济效率、经济结构、经济稳定性、经济发展潜力、成果分配、资源环境、民生福利7个维度刻画城市群经济增长质量,从GDP增长率和人均GDP两个维度刻画经济增长数量以构建综合指标体系,运用熵值法、耦合协调模型、地理探测器等方法,剖析2006—2018年中国城市群经济增长质量与数量的耦合协调关系及其相互作用机理,研究结果表明：① 总体协调水平上,中国城市群经济增长质量与数量的协调度较低,且呈下降趋势;② 协调度空间格局上,经济增长质量与增长数量、增长速度的空间格局呈现“东高西低”的趋势,且保持相对稳定,但经济增长质量与增长规模的协调度空间格局差异较大;③ 协调类型上,“数量滞后”型呈零星分布,“规模滞后”型向中西部集聚,“速度滞后”型向东北拓展,“质量滞后”型表现出多样性特征;④ 经济增长质量与规模、速度的协调关系表现出不一致的特征;⑤ 相互协调机理分析发现,民生福利、经济发展潜力、人均GDP对中国城市群经济增长质量与数量协调水平的提升具有显著影响。⑥ 针对不同协调类型的城市群应分别采取相应举措以助力中国城市群经济高质量发展。     

中国城市市政公用设施投资与建设的区域差异及效率评价

利用2001~2010年相关统计数据,探讨中国城市市政公用设施投资建设的区域差异,并采用数据包络分析方法进行投资效率评价。研究表明：① 全国各省区累计投资差异较大,东部省区各分项设施建设投资均远高于中西部省区,但中西部省区投资的平均增速高于东部省区;② 研究时段内绝大部分省区分项设施建设水平都有较大幅度提高,2010年全国范围设施建设水平大致呈现由东部地区向中西部地区递减的格局。③ 设施投资效率区域差异大,在空间分布方面不具有明显的东中西梯度特征。研究认为,应首先着力提高建设效率,并进一步综合考虑投资能力与设施需求,及时调整投资力度,促进设施建设与社会经济发展需求相协调。     

交通基础设施投资与区域经济增长的互动关系——基于西部大开发的实证分析

自2000年以来交通基础设施投资对推动西部地区经济增长效果显著,投资规模和分布的变化对经济效率具有重要影响。货运量对西部地区的GDP有着正向的作用,但是客运量和货运周转量对西部地区经济增长的作用为负。经济发展是影响货物运输需求的最敏感因素,交通基础设施滞后造成的西部经济增长同其发展潜力的错位依然存在。同初期开发规模和模式相比,对西部地区交通基础设施的进一步投资必须要保证西部各省市区的经济发展能够真正受惠于交通基础设施的完善,提高投资的经济效率。