THE POOR IN THE INNER CITY: STABILITY AND CHANGE IN TWO PARISIAN NEIGHBORHOODS

Gentrification causes area upgrading and population displacement, but also has wider effects. This article examines processes of planning blight and the labeling processes which create and maintain images of certain areas as being "unimprovable" by capital. A typology of poor neighborhoods in gentrifying cities is proposed with the suggestion that each type will contain populations with different and contrasted characteristics. These ideas are tested through a comparison of two neighborhoods in inner Paris. An understanding of the changing status of such districts can only be gained through a recognition of the importance of images and marketing and of the interests of capital.     

丽江古城客栈经营者社会责任缺失研究

丽江古城的客栈起步早、发展快,是丽江旅游业发展的重要支撑。通过问卷调查和实地走访形式,对丽江古城客栈经营者的社会责任缺失问题进行分析。结果显示客栈经营者的社会责任缺失是多方面的,包括：对房主责任的缺失、对员工责任的缺失、对社区居民责任的缺失以及对旅游者责任的缺失。针对这些责任缺失,提出了具体对策,包括：整合相关监督管理部门、建立行业自律协会、加强舆论监督、开展教育培训等。     

THE EMERGENCE OF AFFLUENCE IN BEIJING: RESIDENTIAL SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN CHINA'S CAPITAL CITY

Since 1987, the Chinese government has begun to liberalize its approach to land markets, allowing for the development of commercial residential housing and sparking greater distinctions in housing quality. At the same time, there have been growing income differentials among Beijing's residents. This paper discusses how Beijing's new urban affluent have begun to take advantage of greater housing choices. It reports on a survey conducted in 1997 that uncovers the occupational characteristics, consumption patterns, housing characteristics, and residential locations of affluent residents. The results indicate that Beijing's new urban affluent are beginning to share some of the consumption features of middle-class Westerners. At the same time, social segregation is still nascent in Beijing. There is now only a sprinkling of affluent neighborhoods in the city, and a slight majority of wealthier respondents continue to live in public housing. Moreover, few are able to afford detached single-family housing or a private automobile. The continuation of current trends could both deepen and broaden social segregation in Beijing, as class divisions come to be manifested in separate neighborhoods. [Key words: socialist cities, affluence, Beijing, housing, social stratification.]     

武汉市城市社会空间结构演变过程分析

国外发达国家在城市社会空间结构研究上已经取得了丰富的成果,中国较之有很大的差距。通过对城市社会空间结构的相关概念进行辨析,以武汉市为研究对象,归纳了在不同历史时期武汉城市社会空间的形态、结构以及特征,并探讨了影响武汉社会空间结构演变的机制,揭示了城市社会空间结构演变的规律,希望能对武汉营造新的城市面貌提供一定的启示和借鉴。     

北京社会极化与空间分异研究

本文论述了北京近年来经济体制改革和社会主义市场经济制度运行对城市社会结构的影响，尤其集中在：１．城市社会极化及其动力机制；２．新城市贫困现象及其原因；３城市社会空间分异及其人变化趋势等。     

广州市社会空间的因子生态再分析

运用因子分析、聚类分析方法对广州市中心区1990年人口普查数据进行了研究.从9类47个变量中抽取出5个形成广州市社会区类型的主因子,根据各主因子的得分,把广州市中心区划分为七类社会区,并把形成广州市社会空间分异现象的原因归结为五类.通过与1985年类似研究结果的比较,发现广州市社会空间结构的分异现象更趋明显,具体反映在人口“外溢”、居住条件改善及新开发区的形成等方面.最后就如何引导广州市社会空间结构演变进行了讨论.     

广州经济发展与城市化的协调

本文通过分析广州经济自改革开放以来以较快速度持续向前发展的现状以及广州人口的变化与迁移趋势，指出了广州人口呈分散性聚集的逆城市化现象与其经济发展趋势相一致，论证了广州城市群体形成的必然性。     

广州市城市道路交通问题及对策

通过分析广州市城市交通的现状, 认为广州市的交通问题已相当严重, 必须及早对其采取措施。针对目前的行车难、乘车难、停车难、车流量大、污染严重以及管理落后等问题, 提出了严格控制市中心区规模、征收交通影响税、大力发展城市公共交通、限制私人交通的发展、完善静态交通管理以及实现交通管理现代化等措施。     

WHY PLACES ARE PRESERVED: HISTORIC DISTRICTS IN AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN CITIES

This paper presents historic preservation as a movement caught up in issues and conflicts that are ordinary and serious concerns for many Americans and Europeans. It examines rationales for the designation of historic districts in five metropolitan areas: London, Paris, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Washington, DC. One rationale for historic preservation that is of interest to geographers-enhancing a sense of place-was found to be especially important but in need of further discussion in most historic districts. The role of historic preservation in these study areas is much broader and less elitist or antiquarian than has been suggested in many interpretations of the preservation movement.     

CREATIVE DESTRUCTION AND TRIAL BY SPACE IN A HISTORIC CANADIAN VILLAGE*

Since the 1970s, stakeholders have attempted to revitalize selected rural communities across the developed world. The resulting initiatives have contributed much to the growing multifunctionality of rural space. Geographers have conceptualized this transformation in at least two ways: as a process of creative destruction and as a process of trial by space. In this article we demonstrate the merit of uniting these concepts to enhance our understanding of the evolution of historic towns and villages. We illustrate this unification in a study of Creemore, a picturesque village in the province of Ontario, Canada. Our analysis reveals that the transformation of this locale, from rural service center to heritage‐scape, has been fraught with controversy as various stakeholders have struggled to establish a dominant identity. We conclude that unification of these concepts does provide a useful framework for unraveling the evolution of historic communities within rural space.     

南海市经济发展与大气环境变化

本文分析了南海市大气污染源特征及大气环境质量变化，探讨了南海市经济发展对大气环境的影响，在此基础上提出对大气环境保护的对策。     

新疆塔西河流域水土环境分析及保护利用

通过对新疆北天山中段塔西河流域水化学和土壤化学的分析，阐明此流域水土环境的现状及存在的问题，并在此基础上提出流域水土环境保护利用的思路。     

昆明市地貌条件与城市发展浅论

本文首先分析了昆明能成为大城市的地貌基础及其平面形态与地貌的关系，进而分析了自然地貌类型对城市发展的影响，最后分区论述了地貌条件与城市发展的适宜性，并对今后城市发展的宏观调控方向提出了建设性意见。     

LAW AND THE INTERPRETIVE TURN IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

Legal cases are increasingly used in the social sciences as the raw material for social analysis. While this is entirely laudable as a research strategy, the analytical methods used in the social sciences to study cases are too often simplistic and reductionist. Positivism is too often the preferred analytical mode. I argue that the legal texture of cases ought to be retained by social scientists, just as we ought to be more aware of the problematic nature of interpretation, an issue embedded within legal discourse. In contrast to those who contend that the interpretive turn in the social sciences is nihilistic and subjective, I suggest reasons for understanding the interpretive turn as an organized social practice dependent upon social standards of right and wrong. These issues are illustrated by reference to a recent court case involving a corporation that secretly and illegally relocated production so as to avoid its pension obligations.     

城市游憩用地的选择与储备问题

游憩是城市的四大功能之一。随着社会文明的进步和城市化进程的加快，人们对游憩休闲的需求也呈逐步上升趋势。该文从游憩定义人手，探讨了城市游憩用地选择的以人为本原则、娱乐性原则、美学价值原则、个性原则、协调性原则、适应性原则及多样性原则。在此基础上阐述了城市游憩用地的储备构想：根据城市历年开发资料的用地状况、专家学者建议的标准及人口成长的合理需求来测算城市游憩用地量，然后在游憩用地多少与集散程度原则、全局观念原则、突出特色原则、经济效益原则及资源保护原则基础上布局游憩用地，最后提出建立游憩用地规划开发处对城市游憩用地进行专门管理，这样可更好地执行游憩用地规划，发挥好城市游憩功能。     

广州市人口空间分布特征及演变趋势分析

本文分析了广州市人口空间分布现状特征，历史上发展特点和建国后至改革开放前人口发展情况，并对改革开放以来人口空间分布的变化作了动态分析，发现改革开放以前广州市中心区和郊区人口密度都在增加，但市中心区增加较快，而改革开放以来在广州市总人口较速增长的情况下，内部人口变动日趋明显，中心区人口密度在减少，外围区人口密度在增加，认为广州市的人口分布正从年龄阶段转向成熟阶段。