TM对NOAA面积校正模型的研究

为了实现NOAA卫星遥感影像在提供丰富的宏观信息的同时 ,能够具有较高的面积估计精度这一目标 ,以吉林省为例 ,根据 1998年的NOAA卫星遥感影像数据以及最新的TM卫星遥感影像数据 ,构建了高分辨率卫星影像数据对低分辨率卫星影像数据的面积精度校正模型 ,并引入分形理论对影像空间结构特征进行深入研究     

GIS Based Urban Area Spatiotemporal Change Evaluation Using Landsat and Night Time Temporal Satellite Data

This study aims at determining the spatiotemporal change in urban areas by using multi-temporal satellite images with geographic information systems integration. In this study, the city of Erzincan was selected as the sample case. The analyses of change were conducted by using the optical satellite images from LANSAT TM dated 1987 and the LANDSAT ETM+ dated 2006, besides the night images from 1998, 2006 and 2010. Spatial change maps were created for the qualitative analysis, and change matrixes were formed for the quantitative assessment of these changes. The outcomes of these change analyses were then evaluated and interpreted in the light of the demographics of the population living in the area. The results obtained from the Landsat satellite images indicate that the area of the city expanded at the annual average rate of 1.65% in 1987–2006. Night images indicate that the city area grew at an annual average rate of 4.04% in 1998–2006, while this rate was 20.28% in the period of 2006–2010. The results of the study demonstrate that the usability and contribution of satellite images is quite significant in tracking and monitoring temporal and spatial change in the area.     

Setting Wildfire Evacuation Trigger Points Using Fire Spread Modeling and GIS

Warning communities in the path of an advancing wildfire is a challenging problem. Decision makers need the most current information available to determine who should evacuate, when they should leave and what type of order to issue (e.g. mandatory, recommended, voluntary). This paper presents a new method for delimiting wildfire evacuation trigger points using fire spread modeling and GIS. Using data on wind, topography, and fuel in conjunction with estimated evacuation time, a trigger buffer can be computed for a community whereby an evacuation is recommended if a fire crosses the edge of the buffer. A case study is presented for the Corral Canyon section of the 1996 Calabasas Fire near Malibu, California, USA. The paper concludes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of this approach.     

基于Landsat8卫星数据的城市相关指数变化分析

基于Landsat8 OLI遥感影像数据,提取了与城市环境密切相关的NDVI、NDBI、NDWI和LST,分析了不同地物类型遥感指数的分布特征和不同时间序列的变化特征;进一步探讨了NDVI、NDBI与LST的相关性,可为研究城市热岛效应提供依据。结果表明,山地的NDVI最大,建筑用地密集区域的NDBI、LST最大,水体的NDWI最大,且建筑用地的NDVI、NDBI随时间变化较稳定。     

Satellite Data Classification Using Open Source Support

In this study we explored the potential of open source data mining software support to classify freely available Landsat image. The study identified several major classes that can be distinguished using Landsat data of 30 m spatial resolution. Decision tree classification (DTC) using Waikato environment for knowledge analysis (WEKA), open source software is used to prepare land use land cover (LULC) map and the result is compared with supervised (maximum likelihood classifier – MLC) and unsupervised (Iterative self-organizing data analysis technique - ISODATA clustering) classification techniques. The accuracy assessment indicates highest accuracy of the map prepared using DTC with overall accuracy (OA) 92 % (kappa = 0.90) followed by MLC with OA 88 % (kappa = 0.84) and ISODATA OA 76 % (kappa = 0.69). Results indicate that data set with a good definition of training sites can produce LULC map having good overall accuracy using decision tree. The paper demonstrates utility of open source system for information extraction and importance of DTC algorithm.     

用气象卫星资料监测积雪

本文简要叙述了利用气象卫星资料进行积雪监测的可行性和复杂性;以改进的甚高分辨率扫描辐射仪(AVHRR)资料为例综述了遥感监测积雪的原理、方法和资料处理过程;分析了计算结果,并探讨了未来积雪监测的发展。     

Synoptic Monitoring of Gross Primary Productivity of Maize Using Landsat Data

There is a growing interest in monitoring the gross primary productivity (GPP) of crops due mostly to their carbon sequestration potential. Both within- and between-field variability are important components of crop GPP monitoring, particularly for the estimation of carbon budgets. In this letter, we present a new technique for daytime GPP estimation in maize based on the close and consistent relationship between GPP and crop chlorophyll content, and entirely on remotely sensed data. A recently proposed chlorophyll index (CI), which involves green and near-infrared spectral bands, was used to retrieve daytime GPP from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data. Because of its high spatial resolution (i.e., 30 30 m/pixel), this satellite system is particularly appropriate for detecting not only between- but also within-field GPP variability during the growing season. The CI obtained using atmospherically corrected Landsat ETM+ data was found to be linearly related with daytime maize GPP: root mean squared error of less than 1.58 in a GPP range of 1.88 to 23.1 ; therefore, it constitutes an accurate surrogate measure for GPP estimation. For comparison purposes, other vegetation indices were also tested. These results open new possibilities for analyzing the spatiotemporal variation of the GPP of crops using the extensive archive of Landsat imagery acquired since the early 1980s.     

Estimation of Crown Closure and Tree Density Using Landsat TM Satellite Images in Mixed Forest Stands

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between crown closure and tree density in mixed forest stands using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) reflectance values (TM 1- TM 5 and TM 7) and six vegetation indices (SR, DVI, SAVI, NDVI, TVI and NLI). In this study, multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the relationships between the crown closure and tree density (number of tree stems per hectare) using reflectance values and vegetation indices (VIs). The results demonstrated that the model that used SR and DVI had the best performances in terms of crown closure (R²?=?0.674) and the model that used the DVI and SAVI had the best performances in terms of tree density (R²?=?0.702). The regression model that used TM 1, TM 3 together with TM 4 showed the performances of the crown closure (R²?=?0.610) and the regression model that used TM 1 showed the performances of the tree density (0.613). Results obtained from this research show that vegetation indices (VIs) were a better predictor of crown closure and tree density than other TM bands.     

利用资源三号卫星数据提取经济林研究

选择柬埔寨吴哥窟北部库仑山国家森林公园为研究区,通过对资源三号卫星数据进行大气校正、多光谱与全色数据融合等处理,结合经济林固有的光谱、纹理等特征,利用面向对象的分类方法,构建了适于资源三号卫星数据的快速提取经济林信息的土地利用分类规则。通过野外实地调查和验证表明,资源三号卫星数据可以满足土地利用中经济林信息提取的需求,选择合适的阈值即可完整提取经济林及其空间分布,正确率可达85.97%;资源三号卫星数据在土地利用精细分类和信息提取中具有较大的应用潜力。     

利用IRS-P6卫星数据制作遥感影像地图

本文介绍了以IRS-P6卫星数据作为信息源完成大兴安岭林区的遥感影像地图制作的方法, 通过试验初步认识到:利用IRS-P6卫星数据制作遥感影像地图,可以满足1:50000、 1:25000比例尺的平面制图精度要求,在一些专业和专题应用中可以放大到1:15000比例尺使用。     

利用SLR与伪距资料综合定轨

以GPS伪距为观测量对GPS35卫星进行定轨,然后将SLR与GPS伪距资料综合起来进行定轨,并将计算的轨道与IGS精密轨道进行了比较。     

用SLR资料精密确定GPS35卫星轨道

GPS35卫星是全球定位系统卫星星座中的一颗卫星，它的对地一侧安装了激光后向反射器，可实施激光测距观测。用全球SLR资料精密确定了GPS35卫星1995年10月22日——26日和1999年8月1日——6日共2个5天的轨道，求得观测值与计算值的RMS小于3cm。     

FY-2C积雪判识方法研究

介绍了利用FY-2C资料进行积雪判识的原理,在阈值法基础上的辅助因子函数积雪判识方法以及相应的FY-2C积雪判识结果精度验证分析等。一般较为常用的卫星遥感积雪判识方法为简单阈值法,由于其带有一定的随机性,很难客观反映下垫面条件差异对阈值选取的影响。以阈值法为基础,将所使用的主要变量以函数形式表达,以海拔高度、地理位置、季节、土地覆盖类型等作为阈值函数的变量,通过大量采样建立起多种阈值函数,从而实现随时空特点变化的阈值实时计算。该方法用于FY-2C积雪判识,较好地解决了FY-2C全圆盘范围内广大区域不同下垫面类型下的实时积雪监测。通过与NOAA-17人机交互积雪判识结果对比分析,该方法的积雪判识精度可达85%左右。     

利用SLR及伪距数据进行卫星预报钟差精度验证

论述了综合利用SLR和伪距观测数据进行导航卫星预报钟差精度评估的原理及计算步骤。分析了该方法所能达到的精度,并进行了可行性验证。采用2005年的观测数据对广播星历预报钟差精度进行了评估,给出了有益的结论。     

Landsat系列卫星地表反射率产品研究进展

Landsat系列卫星为地球资源环境动态监测提供了长达40余年的中高分辨率卫星影像,近年来USGS等实施的Landsat数据共享计划使Landsat系列卫星数据成为应用最广泛的中高分辨率卫星数据。长期以来,Landsat系列卫星数据以灰度值(DN值)的形式提供给用户,受传感器波段响应、具体成像条件(太阳高度角、大气散射和吸收等)差异等的影响,不同传感器、不同时间、不同地点的卫星影像DN值不具有可比性,给Landsat系列卫星数据的定量应用造成了障碍。近年来国内外多家研究机构陆续推出了Landsat系列卫星地表反射率产品,以增强Landsat长时间系列卫星数据的可比性。本文对USGS、马里兰大学、WELD团队和中国科学院等多家机构推出的Landsat地表反射率产品进行了介绍,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Diffusion Source Detection of Volcanic Ash Cloud Using MODIS Satellite Data

The massive volcanic ash cloud not only causes obvious global climate and environmental changes, but also threatens aviation safety under the background of globalization. The diffusion source detection is a key factor in the volcanic ash cloud monitoring and the diffusion research. Taking the Eyjafjallajokull’s volcanic ash cloud on April 19, 2010 in Iceland as an example, based on the analysis of the absorption spectrum characteristics in the thermal infrared spectral range, in this paper, a new diffusion source detection algorithm of volcanic ash cloud combining split window algorithm with SO₂ concentration distribution is proposed from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite remote sensing images; subsequently the ash radiance index (ARI) and absorbing aerosol index (AAI) are applied as contrast to the detection results. The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively detect the diffusion source of volcanic ash cloud, and has high consistency with the ARI and AAI distributions, and has certain potential applications in improving the detection effect of volcanic ash cloud and prediction accuracy of diffusion model.     

利用SLR和伪距资料确定导航卫星钟差

提出了综合利用SLR和GPS伪距资料测定导航卫星钟差的方法,采用2002年10月的SLR和伪距实测数据计算了GPS 35卫星的钟差,并对GPS 35卫星的钟差进行了预报,为了验证计算结果的精度,将本文计算的卫星钟差与IGS精密钟差进行了比较.通过比较分析发现:综合利用SLR和伪距资料测定的导航卫星钟差精度优于3 ns,测定的导航卫星钟差与实际卫星钟差不存在系统差;导航卫星钟差的预报精度与计算卫星钟速的时间跨度有关;可以分离卫星坐标和卫星钟差之间的相互影响,便于对卫星钟差的研究.     

LRI与KBR数据检核GRACE-FO卫星精密轨道

GRACE-FO卫星定轨精度直接影响其反演地球重力场,评估检核轨道数据精度是保证重力场反演效果的重要步骤.自该卫星升空以来,已在轨观测近2年6个月,尚未见对各时期卫星轨道的检核分析.针对以上情况,提出了利用LRI与KBR数据检核GRACE-FO卫星精密轨道的方法,引入了基于信噪比确定权重系数的星间距离组合观测量作为参考...     

卫星侧视角对纠正精度影响的定量分析

针对在进行卫星影像纠正时侧视角对纠正精度的影响,阐述了这种影响产生的原因和影响的程度,同时从原理上论证了侧视角与高程精度的关系,以及对纠正精度的影响程度,并且通过实验证明了此结论的有效性。运用此分析方法,可在生产中有效地规划资源和合理地评价成果质量。     

基于HJ-1号卫星数据灌区小麦提取应用研究

及时准确获取灌区小麦分布和面积,可以为流域水量调度、抗旱减灾提供数据支持。本文利用多时相HJ-1号卫星数据分析人民胜利渠灌区小麦生长期影像特征,研究灌区小麦快速提取方法。研究结果表明,利用灌区小麦越冬前多时相HJ-1号卫星影像NDVI数据进行小麦提取,能够准确获取小麦分布和面积信息,精度达到90%以上。