电离层闪烁对卫星导航系统性能影响的仿真分析

电离层闪烁是影响卫星导航系统定位性能的重要因素之一。通过仿真方法对中国区域用户定位性能受电离层闪烁影响的情况进行分析研究。结合电离层闪烁模型、卫星导航接收机模型和用户定位算法,仿真了中国区域内卫星导航系统用户在电离层闪烁存在情况下的定位精度性能。仿真结果表明：电离层闪烁将引起用户接收机测量误差的增大,在受电离层闪烁影响严重的中国低纬地区,用户定位误差将有明显增大,严重时可能出现定位异常。     

电离层闪烁对全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）的定位影响分析

电离层闪烁是影响卫星导航系统定位性能的重要因素之一,中国南方区域是全球电离层闪烁多发区之一,开展电离层闪烁对卫星导航系统性能的影响研究具有重要意义。利用中国区域的电离层闪烁数据和GPS测量数据,对电离层闪烁情况下的用户定位性能进行了比较分析,发现电离层闪烁将引起用户定位误差的普遍增大,严重时可能出现定位异常,电离层闪烁对不同的定位应用方式具有不同程度的影响,电离层闪烁对卫星导航系统的多种影响是卫星导航系统的重要威胁之一。     

电离层扰动对局域增强系统的影响分析

卫星导航局域增强系统采用差分技术实现高精度定位能力。电离层扰动现象将对局域增强系统产生严重影响。电离层暴降低了电离层延迟空间相关性,进而影响差分定位的精度;电离层闪烁引起卫星信号质量和测量质量的降低,同时伴随闪烁产生的电离层电子密度不均匀体也会降低电离层延迟的空间相关性,影响差分定位精度。电离层扰动对局域增强系统的影响应通过接收机设计、增强系统设计、完好性实现方法等多方面的改进加以应对。     

电离层闪烁对GNSS的影响

电离层闪烁是影响卫星导航系统定位性能的重要因素之一。电离层闪烁可造成GNSS载噪比降低,测量误差增大,载波周跳次数增多,电离层修正精度降低,定位用精度因子变大等影响。中国南方区域是全球电离层闪烁多发区之一,电离层闪烁影响的时空范围和程度较大,是我国卫星导航应用应关注的问题。针对电离层闪烁影响,提出了我国卫星导航系统应用中可行的针对性减缓措施。     

1Hz GNSS电离层相位闪烁因子提取及在北极区域的验证

电离层闪烁作为北极区域频发的一种天文灾害,会影响全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)时空服务,需对其进行有效的监测.监测电离层闪烁通常需要高采样频率(50 Hz)的电离层闪烁接收机,但其分布有限,难以提供较大区域(如北极区域)的全面监测.为此本文以1 Hz GNSS观测数据为基础,详细研究了利用大地测量趋势分离、精密单点定位和...     

高纬度地区PPP接收机跟踪噪声随机模型拟合改进

电离层闪烁是指无线电信号的振幅和相位在短时间内出现快速随机波动的现象,可以导致全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)的测量噪声增大、信号丢失。目前,接收机跟踪误差随机模型(RTES)可以有效降低电离层闪烁对GNSS精密单点位定位(PPP)的影响。然而,该模型依赖专用型电离层闪烁监测接收机(ISMR)的数据产品。与遍布世界各地的测地型接收机相比,ISMR监测站的数量非常有限,并且获取ISMR数据产品也较为困难。本文利用加拿大高纬度北极电离层闪烁监测网络(CHAIN)2014—2022年的GPS观测数据与闪烁产品,提出了一种适用于高纬度地区测地型接收机的PPP随机模型,简称高纬接收机跟踪误差随机模型(HL＿RTES)模型。HL＿RTES模型采用振幅闪烁指数(S_4c)和总电子含量变化率指数(ROTI)来估计接收机跟踪噪声的方差,并通过对观测值进行重新加权以提高闪烁环境下PPP定位精度。利用2023年2月1日至2023年2月28日的CHAIN网跟踪站GPS数据进行单频仿动态PPP试验验证,结果表明,HL＿RTES模型与RTES模型性能相当,都可以改进闪烁环境下PPP的定位精度;与高...     

电离层闪烁对接收机的影响

导航信号经过电子密度不均匀的电离层时,信号的幅度和相位会产生快速随机起伏,即为电离层闪烁。电离层闪烁对接收机信号捕获跟踪以及解调定位都有一定的影响,本文采用理论和仿真的方法分析了电离层闪烁对I,Q支路以及跟踪环路的影响。结果表明:相位闪烁对信号I,Q支路均有影响,幅度闪烁对I支路的影响比较大,在相位闪烁比较强或者幅度闪烁比较强的区域,信号更难跟踪处理。弱闪烁时锁相环(PLL)的跟踪门限约29 dBHz,延迟锁定环路(DLL)的跟踪门限约为20.2 dBHz,强闪烁时PLL跟踪门限约为32 dBHz,DLL的跟踪门限约为22 dBHz。相比而言,载波跟踪环路更加脆弱。同时得到,闪烁越强,载波发生周跳的概率越大,载噪比越高,抗闪烁能力越强。      

无验潮测深中的GNSS定位影响因素分析及对策探讨

通过实测GNSS(global navigation satellite system)数据的动态差分后处理（post processed kinematic,PPK）,对无验潮测深中的GNSS定位影响因素进行了分析,结果表明：（1）海面环境的多路径效应大于陆地环境,基准站多路径效应集中在0.15～0.3 m,而流动站则主要集中在0.3～0.5 m,对于多路径效应这类难以模型化的误差,可以通过观测环境的优化选择、GNSS接收机的软硬件升级和改良来削弱其影响。（2）粤港澳大湾区电离层较为活跃,尤其是在下午时段,当基准站距离船载移动站较远时,电离层影响的空间相关性明显降低,GNSSPPK定位方式无法很好地消减电离层延迟,测深结果受到影响较大,可以采取加设距离较近的基准站、合理安排作业时间等措施来缓解电离层延迟对GNSS定位的影响。     

集成电离层闪烁仿真的数字中频GPS信号模拟器设计验证

电离层闪烁造成GPS接收机测距误差增大、以致强闪烁条件下的频繁周跳和卫星信号失锁,集成闪烁仿真功能的GPS信号模拟器能够为接收机抗闪烁算法研究和性能测试提供必要的信号源。首先设计了基于AJ-Stanford模型和Cornell模型的电离层闪烁仿真软件,可以灵活配置闪烁时间、数据更新周期以及各模型参数,从而得到闪烁影响下的GPS信号幅度衰落及相位波动序列;然后开发了集成电离层闪烁仿真功能的数字中频GPS信号模拟器,该模拟器作为抗闪烁研究平台工具,可以灵活调整闪烁卫星号、模型及相关参数、开始时间和持续时间;其设计正确性通过实验室自研的软件GPS接收机得到了验证。     

论电离层对GPS定位的影响

电离层是ＧＰＳ定位的主要误差源。本文论述电离层的特征和折射系数,以及电离层的下列影响：电离层码群延、电离层载波相位超前、电离层多普勒频移、振幅闪烁、电离层相位闪烁效应、磁暴对ＧＰＳ定位测量的影响、电离层对差分ＧＰＳ的影响和ＧＰＳ接收机的电离层改正。     

A method for scintillation characterization using geodetic receivers operating at 1 Hz

Ionospheric scintillation produces strong disruptive effects on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals, ranging from degrading performances to rendering these signals useless for accurate navigation. The current paper presents a novel approach to detect scintillation on the GNSS signals based on its effect on the ionospheric-free combination of carrier phases, i.e. the standard combination of measurements used in precise point positioning (PPP). The method is implemented using actual data, thereby having both its feasibility and its usefulness assessed at the same time. The results identify the main effects of scintillation, which consist of an increased level of noise in the ionospheric-free combination of measurements and the introduction of cycle-slips into the signals. Also discussed is how mis-detected cycle-slips contaminate the rate of change of the total electron content index (ROTI) values, which is especially important for low-latitude receivers. By considering the effect of single jumps in the individual frequencies, the proposed method is able to isolate, over the combined signal, the frequency experiencing the cycle-slip. Moreover, because of the use of the ionospheric-free combination, the method captures the diffractive nature of the scintillation phenomena that, in the end, is the relevant effect on PPP. Finally, a new scintillation index is introduced that is associated with the degradation of the performance in navigation.     

GPS navigation data bit decoding error during strong equatorial scintillation

Strong equatorial scintillation is often characterized by simultaneous fast phase changes and deep amplitude fading. The combined effect poses a challenge for GNSS receiver carrier tracking performance. One of the consequences of the strong scintillation is increased navigation message data bit decoding error. Understanding the rate of the data bit decoding error under equatorial scintillation is essential for high accuracy and high integrity applications. We present the statistical relationship between the data bit decoding error occurrences and the intensity of amplitude scintillation based on the processing of intermediate frequency GPS scintillation data collected on Ascension Island in March 2013. A third-order phase lock loop (PLL) is implemented to process the data and to access the data bit error typically expected in conventional receivers. A Kalman filter-based PLL is also used to process the same data to demonstrate that the data bit decoding error can be reduced through advanced carrier tracking designs.     

Improving the GNSS positioning stochastic model in the presence of ionospheric scintillation

Ionospheric scintillations are caused by time- varying electron density irregularities in the ionosphere, occurring more often at equatorial and high latitudes. This paper focuses exclusively on experiments undertaken in Europe, at geographic latitudes between ~50°N and ~80°N, where a network of GPS receivers capable of monitoring Total Electron Content and ionospheric scintillation parameters was deployed. The widely used ionospheric scintillation indices S4 and s_j{\sigma_{\varphi}} represent a practical measure of the intensity of amplitude and phase scintillation affecting GNSS receivers. However, they do not provide sufficient information regarding the actual tracking errors that degrade GNSS receiver performance. Suitable receiver tracking models, sensitive to ionospheric scintillation, allow the computation of the variance of the output error of the receiver PLL (Phase Locked Loop) and DLL (Delay Locked Loop), which expresses the quality of the range measurements used by the receiver to calculate user position. The ability of such models of incorporating phase and amplitude scintillation effects into the variance of these tracking errors underpins our proposed method of applying relative weights to measurements from different satellites. That gives the least squares stochastic model used for position computation a more realistic representation, vis-a-vis the otherwise ‘equal weights’ model. For pseudorange processing, relative weights were com- puted, so that a ‘scintillation-mitigated’ solution could be performed and compared to the (non-mitigated) ‘equal weights’ solution. An improvement between 17 and 38% in height accuracy was achieved when an epoch by epoch differential solution was computed over baselines ranging from 1 to 750 km. The method was then compared with alternative approaches that can be used to improve the least squares stochastic model such as weighting according to satellite elevation angle and by the inverse of the square of the standard deviation of the code/carrier divergence (sigma CCDiv). The influence of multipath effects on the proposed mitigation approach is also discussed. With the use of high rate scintillation data in addition to the scintillation indices a carrier phase based mitigated solution was also implemented and compared with the conventional solution. During a period of occurrence of high phase scintillation it was observed that problems related to ambiguity resolution can be reduced by the use of the proposed mitigated solution.     

变电站环境下GNSS接收机性能及观测数据质量分析

为了研究变电站强电磁环境对全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）接收机工作性能及观测数据质量影响,分别在500 kV、220 kV、110 kV变电站主控楼楼顶布置测试站点,并用GNSS接收机连续观测24小时．通过接收机内部噪声和数据完整率、信噪比(SNR)、多路径效应等综合评估变电站对GNSS接收机工作性能及观测数据质量的影响．实验结果表明:变电站强电磁环境下GNSS接收机能正常工作,且未对观测数据质量产生显著影响,观测数据质量满足相应标准.      

Performance of the L2C civil GPS signal under various ionospheric scintillation effects

As GPS is modernizing, there are currently fourteen satellites transmitting L2C civil code and seven satellites transmitting L5 signal. While the GPS observables are subject to several sources of errors, the ionosphere is one of the largest error sources affecting GPS signals. Small irregularities in the electrons density along the GPS radio signal propagation path cause ionospheric scintillation that is characterized by rapid fluctuations in the signal amplitude and phase. The ionospheric scintillation effects are stronger in equatorial and high-latitude geomagnetic latitude regions and occur mainly due to equatorial anomaly and solar storms. Several researchers have analyzed the L2C signal quality since becoming available in December, 2005. We analyze the performance of L2C using GPS data from stations in the equatorial region of Brazil, which is subject of weak, moderate and strong ionospheric scintillation conditions. The GPS data were collected by Septentrio PolaRxS–PRO receivers as part of the CIGALA/CALIBRA network. The analysis was performed as a function of scintillations indexes S4 and Phi60, lock time (time interval in seconds that the carrier phase is tracked continuously without cycle slips), multipath RMS and position variation of precise point positioning solutions. The analysis shows that L2C code solutions are less affected by multipath effects than that of P2 when data are collected under weak ionospheric scintillation effects. In terms of analysis of positions, the kinematic PPP results using L2C instead P2 codes show accuracy improvements up to 33 % in periods of weak or strong ionospheric scintillation. When combining phase and code collected under weak scintillation effects, the results by applying L2C against P2 provide improvement in accuracy up to 59 %. However, for data under strong scintillation effects, the use of L2C for PPP with code and phase does not provide improvements in the positioning accuracy.     

远海远域移动平台条件下GNSS卫星授时性能评估

相较于在陆地静止条件下的卫星授时性能,在远海远域的移动平台条件下更易受到可视卫星条件和空间电磁环境所带来的影响.在东西伯利亚海域测试点、航行最北测试点、北冰洋返航点、白令海测试点、日本海测试点,利用高性能铯原子钟作为卫星接收机的参考外频标进行授时试验.从授时误差抖动、可视卫星数和频率准确度等方面分析了远海远域动态全球卫...     

Investigation on the effect of strong out-of-band signals on global navigation satellite systems receivers

The mitigation of radio frequency interference (RFI) has a fundamental role in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) applications, especially when a high level of availability is required. Several electromagnetic sources, in fact, might degrade the performance of the global positioning system (GPS) and Galileo receivers, and their effects can be either in-band (i.e., secondary harmonics generated by transmitters of other communication systems due to non-linearity distortions) or out-of-band (i.e., strong signals that occupy frequency bandwidths very close to GNSS bands). We investigated the effects of real out-of-band signals on GNSS receivers and analyzed the impact on the overall receiver chain in order to evaluate the impact of the interference source. In particular, the analysis focuses on the spectrum at the front-end output, on the automatic gain control (AGC) behavior, as well as on the digital processing stages (signal acquisition and tracking) at the analog digital converter (ADC) output. This study refers to several experiments and data collections performed in interfered areas of downtown Torino (Italy). The obtained results underline how digital/analog TV transmissions represent a potential interference source for GNSS applications and might be critical for the safety of life services.