吐哈盆地侏罗系层序地层学研究

吐哈盆地侏罗系是一个盆地充填层序 (一级层序 ),包括 4个构造层序 (二级层序 ),分别与侏罗纪湖盆的 4个演化阶段 (稳定沉降阶段、短期收缩阶段、扩张阶段和萎缩阶段 )相对应,其中又分为 13个 (三级 )层序。与海相地层不同的是,本区识别出了 4种层序边界类型 (A型、B型、C型和D型 ),其对应的层序本文分别称之为冲积层序、淹没层序、类Ⅰ型层序和类Ⅱ型层序。冲积层序形成于构造剧烈抬升时的盆地萎缩阶段,淹没层序形成于构造沉降迅速时的盆地扩张阶段.     

川西义敦地区三叠纪层序地层研究新认识

义敦地区处于活动岛弧带 ,1:5万区调将原图姆沟组自下而上分解为党恩组、列衣组、曲嘎寺组和勉戈组。以曲嘎寺组底部的I型不整合面及勉戈组底部的II型不整合面为基准 ,结合内部沉积组合特征 ,尝试划分出 3套三级层序地层 ,即下部层序 (未见底 )、中部I型碳酸盐层序和上部II型层序 (包括喇嘛垭组 ) ,在这些层序内各体系域发育齐全 ,特征明显。     

川西义敦地区三叠纪序地层研究新认识

义敦地区处于活动岛弧带,１：５万区调将原图姆沟组自下而上分解为党恩组、列衣组、曲嘎寺组和勉戈组。以曲嘎寺组底部的Ｉ型不整合面及勉戈组底部的ＩＩ型不整合面为基准,结合内部沉积组合特征,尝试划分出３套三级层序地层,即下部层序（未见底）、中部Ｉ型碳酸盐层序和上部ＩＩ型层序（包括喇嘛垭组）,在这些层序内各体系域发育齐全,特征明显。     

扇三角洲序列样式及其控制因素：以伊通地堑为例

扇三角洲沉积是伊通地堑主要沉积体系，地堑内发育水下水道型和水下水道一河口坝复合型扇三角洲，完整的扇三角洲序包括进积，加积和退积３个阶段，在不同的构造沉降和沉积物供给条件下，形成了３种各具特色的扇三角洲序列样式，即缓慢沉降和低速沉积物供给型，快速沉降和低速沉积物供给型，快速沉降和高速沉积物供给型。     

江西德兴地区金矿成矿地质特征及找矿方向

德兴─铜厂岩块地层属怀玉地体构造沉积区的地层序列。金矿赋存于中元古界韩源组。控矿构造为北东东向韧性剪切带及顺层滑脱碎裂岩带。矿床类型为蚀变糜棱岩型和石英脉型。韧性剪切强应变带且叠加碎裂岩化部位是找矿的有利地段     

Geology and Geotectonic Classification of Pan-African Gold Mineralizations in the Red Sea Hills,Sudan

Hundreds of ancient gold mines and prospects are known in the Red Sea Hills of the Sudan, and many are still of economic importance. Most of the mines are part of the Pan-African tectonostratigraphic sequence. The genesis of the gold expresses three geotectonic events that have left their marks on the style of the mineralization. The first type (I) is syngenetic with volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits that are associated with calc-alkaline, island-arc, acidic volcanism, where gold was deposited some 715 Ma ago. The second type (II) is related to a major tectonic-metamorphic episode during collisional orogeny, which caused the remobilization of gold and its precipitation in silica-barite and massive barite formations, possibly around 650 Ma. The third type (III) takes the form of auriferous quartz veins along first- and second-order shear zones related to postcollisional movement and retromorphism, at ～550 Ma. Gold was remobilized from volcano-magmatic sequences to be precipitated along structurally more favorable sites.     

华北石炭-二叠纪层序地层格架及其特征

华北石炭二叠纪沉积建造由两部分组成,下部为碳酸盐岩与硅质碎屑岩构成的含煤建造,上部为硅质碎屑岩红色建造。根据不整合面及其它识别层序界面的标志,该沉积建造可划分为５个沉积层序。ＤＳ_１、ＤＳ_２、ＤＳ_３层序属陆表海型层序,其底界面为Ⅰ_ｅ型层序界面,层序内仅发育海侵体系域和高位体系域;ＤＳ_４层序为过渡型层序,由低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域构成;ＤＳ_５层序为湖泊型层序,包括低水位体系域、水进体系域和高位体系域。盆地充填超层序（ＤＳ_１-ＤＳ_５）的发育受控于全球二级相对海平面变化,而沉积层序的发育则与区域性造山作用引起的三级海平面变化有关。     

Strain analysis in Jurassic argillites of the Monte Sirino area (Lagonegro Zone,southern Apennines,Italy) and implications for deformation paths in pelitic rocks

Analysis of strain in Jurassic argillites forming part of the folded and thrusted sedimentary succession of the Lagonegro basin (southern Italian Apennines) has been carried out using ellipsoid-shaped reduction spots as strain markers. Most of the determined finite strain ellipsoids are of oblate type and show a peculiar distribution of the maximum extension direction (X), with maxima either subparallel or subperpendicular to the local fold axes. Using the strain matrix method, two different deformation histories have been considered to assist the interpretation of the observed finite strain pattern. A first deformation history involved vertical compaction followed by horizontal shortening (occurring by a combination of true tectonic strain and volume loss), whereby all strain is coaxial and there is no change in the intermediate axis of the strain ellipsoid. By this type of deformation sequence, which produces a deformation path where total strain moves from the oblate to the prolate strain field and back to the oblate field, prolate strain ellipsoids can be generated and may be recorded where tectonic deformation has not been large enough to reverse pretectonic compaction. This type of deformation history may be of local importance within the study area (i.e. it may characterize some fold hinge regions) and, more generally, is probably of limited occurrence in deformed pelitic rocks. A second deformation sequence considered the superposition of pre-tectonic compaction and tectonic strain consisting of initial layer-parallel shortening followed by layer-parallel shear (related to flexural folding). Also in this instance, volume change during tectonic deformation and tectonic plane strain have been assumed. For geologically reasonable amounts of volume loss due to compaction and of initial layer-parallel shortening, this type of deformation history is capable of producing a deformation path entirely lying within the oblate strain field, but still characterized by a changeover, during deformation, of the maximum extension axis (X) from a position parallel to the fold axis to one perpendicular to it. This type of deformation sequence may explain the main strain features observed in the study area, where most of the measured finite strain ellipsoids, determined from the limb regions of flexural folds, display an oblate shape, irrespective of the orientation of their maximum extension direction (X) with respect to the local structural trends. More generally, this type of deformation history provides a mechanism to account for the predominance of oblate strains in deformed pelitic rocks.     

Stratigraphic correlation of the Awahab and Tafelberg Formations, Etendeka Group, Namibia, and location of an eruptive site for flood basalt volcanism

Detailed field and geochemical investigations in the vicinity of the type section of the Tafelberg Formation of the early Cretaceous Etendeka Group, NW Namibia, have revealed the existence of a large eruptive vent in the lower part of the regional volcanic sequence produced by Strombolian and Vulcanian eruptions. The vent is filled with the thick, differentiated, ponded Kudu-Run olivine-rich basaltic flow, which has a distinctive low Zr/Y geochemical signature as well as a Tafelberg-type tabular basalt and the Nil Desperandum latite. Field evidence indicates that the Kudu-Run basalt and the latite were erupted from fissures located within the vent. Associated with the vent is an extensive pyroclastic apron extending from the vent edge and which is interbedded with the regional stratigraphy. Blocks of Precambrain basement lithologies occur within this deposit and indicate that the vent was excavated to a depth of at least 350 m below the palaeosurface at that time. The original Tafelberg Formation type section described by Erlank et al. [Erlank, A.J., Marsh, J.S., Duncan, A.R., Miller, R.McG., Hawkesworth, C.H., Betton, P.J., Rex, D.C. 1984. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Etendeka volcanic rocks from SWA/Namibia, 195–247. In: Erlank, A.J. (Ed.), Petrogenesis of Volcanic Rocks of the Karoo province. Special Publication of the Geological Society of South Africa, vol. 13, 395 p.] the Tafelberg Gully section, crosses from the lower part of the regional sequence into the intra-vent sequence and returns to the regional sequence higher up. In doing so it includes some of the localized intra-vent flows and excludes a number of flows which are part of the regional sequence in its lower part, thus rendering it inappropriate as a type section. A revised type section for the Tafelberg Formation is described by combining the upper part of the Tafelberg Gully section with a new section of 14 flows at the base of the regional sequence in the Tafelberg North (TBN) section some 2 km N of the Tafeleberg Gully. Distinctive flows in the TBN section can be mapped southwards where their precise stratigraphic relationship to the northward-thinning Springbok and Goboboseb Quarts Latite members of the Awahab Formation can be demonstrated. These stratigraphic relationships are entirely consistent with palaeomagnetic reversal stratigraphy and demonstrate that the same N–R–N polarity sequence occurs in the type sections of the Awahab and Tafelberg formations. Thus, the Awahab and Tafelberg magma systems were contemporaneous but the Tafelberg system outlived that of the Awahab. The Awahab system was built from eruptive centres located S of the Huab River whereas the Tafelberg vents were located further north.     

陆相湖盆层序构型及其岩性预测意义:以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷为例

地层岩相组合有规律地分布于层序的不同体系域。为了有效地进行储层发育、烃源岩分布的预测,文中提出层序构型的明确概念、类型、识别标志及其意义。层序构型是指三级层序内不同体系域地层单元时间-空间组成配置关系,其类型可分为L型、T型、TH型、H型(E-H型和L-H型)4种,其中,L型层序主要为富砂层序,储层相对发育;T型层序为富泥层序,烃源岩最为发育;TH型层序为富泥层序,烃源岩相对发育;E-H型层序为富泥层序,烃源岩发育程度次于TH型层序;L-H型层序主要为富砂层序,储层相对发育。珠江口盆地富烃的惠州凹陷文昌组层序构型实例分析表明,惠州凹陷南缘主要为T型层序,烃源岩相对发育,北缘主要为H型层序,储层相对发育。     

祁连山东段宝积山—红会煤盆地沉积环境与聚煤规律

位于祁连山东段的宝积山—红会盆地是一个典型的侏罗纪沉积盆地,侏罗纪煤系由冲积扇沉积体系,经过河流、湖泊三角洲沉积体系向湖泊沉积体系过渡的沉积序列组成,并充填于印支运动后的裂陷盆地内。盆地活动断裂边界的内侧发育冲积扇裙,向着不活动边缘的另一侧,逐渐被河流沉积体系和湿地沼泽系统替代。扇前湿地是主要聚煤场所,形成的煤层层数少,主煤层厚度变化大,煤体呈简单指状。扇前湿地泥炭沼泽具有富滋养或低位性质,形成的煤层灰分产率高,硫含量有明显的分带性,其变化取决于泥炭沼泽与冲积扇体的相应空间位置。     

华北晚古生代层序地层模式及其演化

华北晚古生代沉积建造是在陆表海环境向大陆环境演化的背景下形成的,其层序地层模式包括陆表海型、过渡型和湖泊型等3类。陆表海型层序的底界面为IP型,顶界面为IP型和I型层序界面,层序内由海侵体系域和高位体系域构成;过渡型层序的底、顶界面均为I型层序界面,层序由陆表海低位体系域、海浸体系域及高位体系域构成,陆表海低位体系域以发育席状砂体为特征;湖泊型层序的顶、底界面亦为I型层序界面,层序由低位体系域,水进体系域和高位体系域构成。该沉积建造的形成经历了上述3种模式5个阶段的演化,这5个阶段是盆地的形成、发展、鼎盛、萎缩和转化阶段,分别对应于DS₁~DS₅这5个沉积层序。      

松南西斜坡前缘带青山口组层序界面识别及特征研究

在前人研究的基础上,应用高分辨层序地层学理论与研究方法,对松辽盆地南部西斜坡地区的青山口组地层进行了层序地层划分与对比工作,从中识别出6个具等时意义的层序界面,将其划分为5个中期基准面旋回(4级层序)。建立了层序界面的岩心识别标志,即旋回叠加样式的变化面、岩性突变面—冲刷面、相类型的变化面和暴露剥蚀面,在测井曲线上,层序界面位于测井曲线幅度发生明显变化或曲线组合型式的转换处,在研究区地震剖面上的层序界面识别标志(超削反射终止特征)不明显。根据层序划分和层序界面的识别标志,把4级层序界面划分为不整合面、沉积作用转换面和顶超面,并对层序界面特征进行了详细研究。确定了研究层段湖泛面包括三角洲体系—湖泛面、深水湖—浊积体系—湖泛面和河流体系—洪泛面3种类型。层序界面和湖泛面的识别和确定,对于研究区高分辨率层序地层格架的建立和对储层分布规律的研究与预测具有重要意义。     

西藏甲马铜多金属矿区上侏罗统—白垩系层序地层与成矿

位于西藏冈底斯带的甲马弧内盆地中堆积了一套岛弧背景的活动大陆边缘沉积物，主要由滨、浅海相碎屑岩和海绵礁灰岩构成。在上侏罗统至白垩系中，基于Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类层序界面及其他关键界面性质的确定，识别出7个三级层序，其中1个Ⅰ类层序和6个Ⅱ类层序，建立了矿区晚侏罗世至白垩纪层序地层年代格架。并初步探讨了层序地层与成矿作用的耦合关系，研究表明高水位体系域中所发育的相对厚的海绵礁灰岩是成矿最佳场所。     

大水闸与青龙哨陆相磷块岩

大水闸磷矿和青龙哨磷矿是我国两个最重要的陆相磷块岩矿床,矿床规模大、品位高,是我国正在开采利用的重要磷矿基地中的两个磷矿基地。我们称这种陆相磷矿为“大水闸式磷矿”。该类陆相磷块岩是世界罕见的一种具有重大工业价值的新的磷矿类型,在磷矿分类中又增加了一个新的成员。     

Microdeformation of lacustrine laminite sequences from Late Miocene formations of SE Spain: an interpretation of loop bedding

Lacustrine laminated sediments (laminites) present in Late Miocene formations of the Híjar Basin, SE Spain, display well developed loop bedding, a structure consisting of bundles of laminae that are sharply constricted at intervals, giving a morphology of loops or links of a chain. The laminite sequences, which are interbedded with turbidite marlstones, were accumulated on the bottom of a permanently stratified lake developed in a rapidly subsiding basin limited by 010° and 105° normal faults. As deduced from both macro- and microdeformational analyses, the basin evolved under an extensional stress field throughout the Late Miocene. Four main types of loops, simple and complex loops with subcategories, have been recognized within the laminite sequence. Simple loops of type 1 show the best definite pattern, quite similar to ' pinch and swell structures ', a type of boudinage typical of stretching of alternating beds where the competence contrast is not strongly marked. The remaining loop types display contortion and occasional breakage of laminae (microfaulted edges) indicative of microdeformation near the boundary between the ductile-brittle deformational fields. The distribution of the various loop types across the laminite sequence reflects an interplay between progressive lithification of the laminites as sedimentation progressed and tectonic stresses which affected the sediment sequence. Accordingly, a mechanism of deformation under an extensional stress field, ultimately related to the creep movement of the main basin faults which resulted in successive seismic shocks of low magnitude, is proposed to explain the formation of loop bedding in the laminites.     

“三江”地区火山成因块状硫化物矿床的基本特征与主要类型

“三江”地区是我国一个主要的火山成因块状硫化物成矿区域,包括2个成矿带:①赠科—乡城矿带,主要产出伴随晚三叠世义敦岛弧裂谷火山作用形成的黑矿型Zn-Pb-Cu块状硫化物矿床;②昌宁—孟连矿带,以伴随保山—掸邦微陆块晚古生代裂谷火山作用形成的老厂型Pb-Zn-Cu和别子型Cu-Zn块状硫化物矿床为主,本文揭示“三江”地区,尤其是赠科—乡城和昌宁—孟连矿带的构造-火山-矿床的地质特征,阐明该区块状硫化物矿床的主要成因类型。     

乌尔逊凹陷下白垩统层序地层研究

以构造层序地层学分析为主线,从断陷盆地结构和古地貌的区域变化分析着手,利用地质、地球物理数据对乌尔逊凹陷下白垩统主要含油层段铜钵庙组、南屯组、大一段进行了层序地层研究。在识别了5个等时层序界面及区域钻井剖面对比基础之上,建立了该区目的层段层序地层格架。研究结果表明：凹陷沉积充填以及层序形成与构造演化相对应,具有阶段性。...     

断陷盆地构造作用与层序样式

我国东部大多数中新生代含煤和含油气盆地是陆相断陷盆地，其层序形成和演化主要受控于幕式构造作用。笔者通过典型断陷盆地层序层的研究，根据构造沉降及其可容空间变化特点，提出了拉张型，挤压型，走滑－伸展型和热沉降型四种层序样式，并总结了各种层序中体系域构成特点，概括了多幕裂陷型，断坳转化型和走滑－伸展型三种层序地层格架模式。     

百色盆地百岗组高分辨率层序分析及研究意义

通过地表露头、钻井岩芯、测井资料和地震剖面以及ESR测年数据的综合分析，在百色盆地百岗组内识别出4个级别的层序界面，并研究了各级别层序界面的特征。根据层序界面和湖泛面积识别标志，在百岗组内识别出短期、中期、长期、超长期4种类型的基准面旋回序，具体划分为1个超长期、8个长期、21个中期基准面旋回层序。指出由Ⅴ级层序界面控制的短期基准面旋回层序按结构类型的不同划分为向上“变深”的非对称型、向上变浅的非对称型、对称型等3种类型，由Ⅳ级层序界面控制的中期基准面旋回层序的结构类型与短期基准面旋回层序结构类型相似。在此基础上，讨论了各级次基准面旋回层序的垂向序列、岩性岩相组合、结构类型及叠加样式等特征；探讨了高分辨率层序地层学在地层划分与对比，层序地层格架的建立，确定有利储层发育部位、砂体分布规律及油层和小层砂体精细对比中的应用。