1966—2016年重庆南川降水的多尺度分析

利用1966—2016年南川国家站的逐日降水观测资料,分析了南川降水的年内分布及次季节变化和暴雨的气候变化特征、年际、年代际和趋势变化特征。结果表明:南川降水的年内分布差异大,降水量峰值出现在6月,月降水强度最大在7月;南川的降水具有明显的次季节变化,且准双周变化信号(10~25 d)大于低频季节内振荡(25~90 d);南川的暴雨日数和暴雨量与年降水量有很好的正相关性;暴雨出现在3—11月,其分布呈单峰型,峰值出现在6月;年平均暴雨日为2.5 d,暴雨日数年际变化的线性趋势不显著;暴雨日总降水量在1966—1994年存在10~12 a的年代际变化信号,在1996—2016年主要存在13~15 a的年代际变化信号,在1976—1984年还存在2~4 a的年际变化信号;南川的暴雨特征量年际、年代际变化大,但没有显著的升降趋势,说明南川暴雨的总体气候特征是比较平稳的。     

合浦县暴雨气候特征及成因分析

利用合浦县台站1971—2010年40a暴雨观测资料,分析了暴雨日数的年际变化、年代际变化和暴雨季节分布特征,分析得出,合浦县暴雨日数呈上升趋势,且上升幅度明显;暴雨主要集中分布在5-9月,以7月份出现暴雨、大暴雨及特大暴雨日数最多。合浦县特殊的地理位置和地形特点有利于暴雨天气的形成和发展,影响暴雨的最主要天气系统为锋面、高空槽、切变线、急流、热带气旋等。     

江南雨季降水季节内演变及其年际、年代际变化特征

利用1961—2008年逐日降水资料,在对比我国东南部各地区气候态降水特征的基础上,着重探讨了江南地区(110~120°E、24~30°N)雨季降水的季节内变化特征及其年际、年代际变化规律。结果表明:1)江南雨季气候态降水的季节内变化具有明显的双峰型特征,两个峰值集中期分别是4、6月中旬前后。4月中下旬第一个降水峰值率先出现在江南地区,之后峰值降水南移,于6月上中旬华南地区达峰值集中期,之后强降水才逐渐北移,6月中下旬又回至江南地区,使江南地区降水达第二个峰值集中期。2)我国江南地区区域平均的双峰降水与4—6月的实际降水之间的相关系数达0.69,这表明双峰型降水确实反映了江南雨季降水的季节内演变特征。3)江南雨季降水双峰型的季节内变化特征具有明显的年际、年代际变化周期。年际变化周期为2~3 a,强信号主要集中在20世纪60年代后期到70年代中期以及80年代中期到21世纪初;年代际变化周期约为8~10 a,在整个时间域上都存在,最强信号集中在80年代初到90年代末期。4)年代际尺度上,江南雨季降水的季节内变化特征(双峰型态)具有隔代显著的特征,即20世纪60、80年代及21世纪初双峰型特征显著,而20世纪70、90年代双峰型特征不显著。     

潮州市近51 a降水量和暴雨日数的时间变化特征分析

利用潮州1957—2007年逐日降水资料,统计分析其年、季降水气候特征及暴雨气候特征;应用MHF小波方法分析年降水量及暴雨日数的多时间尺度特征。结果表明：（1）潮州年降水量总体呈上升趋势,前汛期降水量对全年雨量的贡献逐渐下降,后汛期则相反;汛期开始月份及汛期降水强弱的年际变化明显,汛期结束月份年际变化不显著;降水偏多异常,各月差别不大,偏少异常,各月差别很大;4—8月最易发生降水异常。（2）暴雨主要发生在4—9月,暴雨气候事件初发时间有提前趋势,但近51 a暴雨日数总体上无明显增加。（3）年降水量存在3.5 a、18.4 a的主要时间尺度;暴雨日数存在4.6 a、12.1 a主要时间尺度。（4）整个时间域上,降水量和暴雨日数均存在较好的对应关系,不同尺度和时期这种对应特征略有不同。     

1961—2021年广西东兴市暴雨日数气候特征分析

利用1961—2021年广西东兴国家地面气象观测站逐日降水量资料,采用气候趋势分析、小波分析等数理统计方法,对东兴近61a不同等级的暴雨日数气候特征进行了研究分析。结果表明,东兴暴雨总日数及不同等级暴雨日数具有明显的年际和年代际变化特征,近61a东兴暴雨总日数存在2～4a、6～9a的准周期振荡。暴雨总日数在20世纪90年代为最多,20世纪60年代为最少;全年各个季节和月份均有暴雨发生,主要发生在5—9月,暴雨总日数年内呈单峰型分布,峰值出现在7月,后汛期暴雨明显多于前汛期。持续性暴雨过程主要出现在夏季,最长过程持续时间为8 d。     

近50a长江中下游不同量级暴雨的年代际变化特征

利用1966—2015年中国地面气候资料数据集降水数据,对长江中下游地区春、夏、秋三季不同量级暴雨的年代际变化特征进行了研究。结果表明,暴雨在各季节变化特征明显不同,不同量级间也存在明显差异。暴雨在春秋季变化平稳,但在夏季呈现1990s频发,2000年之后少发的特征,并存在准20 a周期变化。大暴雨则在近30 a来呈现频发的特征,其中春季大暴雨在2010年之后显著增加,秋季大暴雨则在2000年之后明显增加。特大暴雨发生概率很小,但夏季特大暴雨在1990s之后一直呈现频发的趋势,并表现为准32 a的周期变化特征,秋季特大暴雨在2000年之后明显频发。大暴雨、特大暴雨在各季节均表现为近十几年来显著增加的趋势。暴雨和大暴雨均存在明显年代际跃变,这种跃变在暴雨、大暴雨频发的区域增幅更为显著。     

近59年来广州市暴雨的变化特征

利用1951～2009年广州市逐日降水资料,采用统计分析方法,对近59年来广州市暴雨的逐月分布及年际与年代际变化特征进行统计,并分析了暴雨的初终日变化及持续天数,结果表明:广州每年除12月外每个月都有暴雨出现,但主要集中在4～9月,暴雨日数具有单峰特征,峰值出现在5月;大暴雨日数具有双峰型特征,峰值分别出现在5、6与8...     

近14a也门降水异常的气候特征

利用1990-2003年也门7个测站降水资料,在分析近14 a也门降水季节变化特征的基础上,着重分析了也门夏季降水的年际变化特征。结果表明,也门降水异常的季节变化明显,异常在4-9月最大,尤其是7-9月,异常峰值所在月呈现出较明显的提早趋势;近14 a也门夏季降水呈现出增加的趋势,90年代末该趋势加大;近14 a也门夏季降水存在3 a和7 a左右的显著振荡周期。     

近56a贵阳市暴雨气候特征分析

利用贵阳市国家地面气象观测站1963—2018年逐日降水资料,分析近56 a贵阳市暴雨气候特征。结果表明:贵阳市暴雨以一般性暴雨最为频繁（占86.7%）,区域暴雨与局地暴雨发生频次相当;该市暴雨开始于3月,结束于11月,集中于6月中旬—7月中旬;暴雨贡献率及暴雨日数整体呈现出增多趋势,年降水量中暴雨平均贡献率为17.7%;年暴雨日数与年降水量的年际变化趋势较为密切,即暴雨日数较多年,年降水量较多,暴雨日数较少年,年降水量较少;近56 a贵阳暴雨日数序列存在准2~4 a的振荡周期;暴雨频次时间序列在世纪60年代初到80年代中后期、21世纪00年代初到10年代初为较少期,20世纪80年代末期到90年代初、21世纪10年代中期至今为较多期。     

1967—2017年兴安盟暴雨时空分布特征分析

利用1967—2017年近51a兴安盟8个国家级气象观测站的逐日降水资料,采用线性倾向估计、11a滑动平均和EOF分解等统计方法,对当地暴雨的气候特征、暴雨的年际和年代际变化以及暴雨的时空演变特征进行分析,结果表明:(1)兴安盟暴雨日数的中心轴线呈南北走向,正好位于西风带上大兴安岭的背风坡沿线;而暴雨雨量大值区域主要位于东部,由蒙古高原向松辽平原过渡的低海拔地区。(2)近51a来兴安盟暴雨日数呈减小的负增长趋势,并经历了偏少—显著偏多—显著偏少—偏多4个阶段。(3)暴雨日数EOF分解前两个模态可以代表兴安盟暴雨日数空间分布类型的一半以上,依次表现为全盟一致型和东—西反向型。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.