南京花神湖3种沉水植物表面附着微生物群落特征

沉水植物表面附着微生物系统是水生态的重要组成部分,然而当前对其了解仍不清楚.南京市花神湖是一个城市湖泊,沉水植物生长区域面积占湖面面积的40%左右.尽管花神湖的氮、磷营养盐水平很高,但最近未发生过藻类水华现象.本文以南京市花神湖中自然生长的优势种菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)为研究对象,利用扫描电镜和荧光显微镜观测了叶表面附着微生物群落的分布特征,测定了植物表面附着微生物的密度及附生藻类的种类、密度和优势种群,并比较分析了不同水生植物之间附生藻类的差异性.结果表明,沉水植物表面微生物群落的分布与物种和叶龄有关.3种沉水植物中,菹草表面微生物群落结构最为复杂,微生境最为丰富.底部老叶片上面附着较多的微生物且表现出较高的生物多样性.植物表面附着微生物密度大小顺序为:菹草金鱼藻伊乐藻;植物表面附生藻类密度大小顺序为:菹草金鱼藻伊乐藻.总体来讲,沉水植物表面微生物总量大概比藻类数量高1~2个数量级.这为深入研究沉水植物及其表面微生物的生态功能奠定了基础.     

钙离子添加对沉水植物菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L.)富集水体磷的影响

沉水植物光合作用形成的微环境有利于水体中钙和磷形成CaCO_3-P共沉淀,从而将水体中的磷永久性去除,避免植物腐烂后的二次污染但不同的沉水植物种类形成CaCO_3-P共沉淀的能力不同本文以沉水植物菹草(Potamogeton crispus L)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L)为实验对象,研究水体中添加钙离子(0、100 mg/L)对水体磷(磷浓度:0、0.2、2 mg/L)的去除和植物富集磷的差异,并通过植物灰分磷的组分分析,聚焦植物钙磷的变化,为生态修复中沉水植物的选择提供理论依据结果表明:(1)菹草和金鱼藻体系中总磷(TP)和溶解性反应磷(SRP)浓度显著下降,添加钙离子使降幅升高,且菹草体系中水体TP和SRP降幅均高于金鱼藻TP和SRP降幅;(2)菹草的干重全磷在高磷低钙(2-0)水平最高,灰分总磷在高磷高钙(2-100)水平最高,而金鱼藻干重全磷在高磷高钙(2-100)水平最高,灰分总磷在中等磷低钙(0.2-0)水平最高;(3)在2 mg/L的磷浓度下,添加钙离子使菹草的钙磷(HCl-P)和水溶性磷(H_2O-P)含量升高,有机磷(NaOH-P)含量降低,结果使灰分总磷含量升高,而金鱼藻NaOH-P升高,HCl-P和H_2O-P含量均降低,结果使灰分总磷降低这表明菹草通过提高吸附性磷和钙磷含量增强磷的富集,而金鱼藻则只显著升高了灰分中有机磷的含量显然,水体富营养化背景下,相较于金鱼藻,菹草具有更强的形成CaCO_3-P共沉淀的能力,具备竞争优势.     

金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)调控浮游植物捕获磷与生长的策略

水体浮游植物具有捕获利用磷的能力以及沉水植物能够显著抑制水体中藻类生长已得到国内外广泛共识,但相应的潜在机制尚缺乏深入了解.本研究选取金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)为研究对象,基于室内模拟实验,探讨了沉水植物调控浮游植物捕获磷与过度生长的机制.结果显示,尽管未种植金鱼藻的对照组上覆水中总磷、总溶解态磷和可溶性活性磷的平均浓度均显著高于种植金鱼藻的实验组(约4倍),但是两个系统中这3种磷浓度随时间的变化趋势均符合S形的对数曲线.实验组藻类密度、有效光量子产量、总碱性磷酸酶活性(TAPA)以及细颗粒碱性磷酸酶活性(细颗粒APA)也远低于对照组.此外,对照组中粗颗粒碱性磷酸酶活性(粗颗粒APA)占TAPA的44.7%,显著高于细颗粒APA.结构方程模型结果表明,对照组水体藻类密度对TAPA具有直接的正向作用,而金鱼藻的生长显著弱化了不同形态磷与APA、藻类密度、细菌动力以及光量子产量之间的相互作用.这说明沉水植物对水体浮游植物生长的调控具有多种策略.     

Spectroscopic Characterization of Organic Structures and Organic‐Inorganic Interactions in Paper Mill Sludge

The organic composition and organic‐inorganic interaction in paper mill sludge (PS) solvent extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol) and humic fractions, humic acid (HA) and humin (HU) were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), proton and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR; ¹³C NMR), Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis). The strategy of fractionating the PS, sequentially, with organic solvents of increasing polarity is a reliable analytical procedure for humic substance sample separation because it results in more purified fractions. FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR results showed that hexane extract consisted mainly of aliphatic hydrocarbon structures. Their contents in the extracts decreased as the polarity of the extracting solvent increased and the content of oxygen functional groups increased. Carboxylic and carboxylate functional groups were found in the acetone extract, and ester and ether functions were predominantly found in the ethanol extract. EPR spectra revealed some Fe³⁺ complexes with rhombic structure (g₁ = 4.3; g₂ = 9.0) in the humic fractions and in all solvent extracts, except hexane. Quasi‐octahedral Fe³⁺ complexes (g = 2.3; ΔH_pp ≤ 400 G) were found in the HU fraction and in the acetone extract. The organic free radical content in the HA fraction was higher than the non‐fractionated PS sample and HU fraction.     

不同鱼类对沉水植物生长的影响

沉水植物是富营养水体生态修复的重要组成部分,鱼类是影响沉水植物生长的重要因素之一.为了解鱼类对沉水植物生长的影响,研究3种鱼(草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis))对4种沉水植物(苦草(Vallisneria natans)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、伊乐藻(Elodea nuttalli)、马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus))生长的影响.结果显示,对照组、草鱼组和鳊组沉水植物生物量分别下降19.2%、82.1%和16.6%,而鲫组沉水植物生物量却增长12.5%.4种沉水植物中,金鱼藻生物量增长最高,其中对照组、鳊组和鲫组中金鱼藻生物量分别增长171.1%、113.9%和265.5%,而草鱼组金鱼藻生物量却下降24.4%.草鱼、鳊、鲫都能有效抑制沉水植物的竞争者水绵的生长.该研究结果在利用沉水植物修复富营养水体过程中对鱼类的管理具有重要的参考意义.     

Seasonal Flux of Nonstructural Carbohydrate in Five Species of Submerged Macrophytes in a Precambrian Shield Lake. Part 2: Fluctuation in Relation to Chlorophyll Content,Temperature and Water Chemistry

Total soluble carbohydrate, individual sugars and starch content in green shoots of Ceratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Myriophyllum exalbescens, Potamogeton foliosus and P. zosteriformis from Shoal Lake (Manitoba-Ontario) were examined in relation to tissue chlorophyll content, water chemistry and temperature. The different species showed a variety of seasonal carbohydrate patterns. Seasonal concentrations of total soluble carbohydrate were significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll and total chlorophyll a + b in E. canadensis and P. foliosus. Seasonal starch content was inversely correlated with chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll a + b in C. demersum and P. foliosus. In C. demersum nonstructural carbohydrate was inversely correlated with total alkalinity, total molybdenum reactive phosphorus, total inorganic nitrogen and temperature of the water. Sucrose concentrations in P. foliosus in June were positively correlated with phosphorus levels in the water.     

1950s以来洪湖主要优势沉水植物群落变化

通过野外调查并结合历史数据对洪湖沉水植被进行长时间序列变化研究,构建自1950s以来洪湖主要优势沉水植物群落穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)和轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)的群落分布图并计算其面积.结果表明:穗状狐尾藻群落面积从1950s占全湖的6%增加至1990s的65%,而后急剧下降至2010年的2%,然后又恢复至2014年的15%;微齿眼子菜群落面积从1950s的10%增至1990s的65%,然后下降至2014年的38%;金鱼藻群落面积从1980s的6%增至1990s的39%,2010年以后则稳定在25%;轮叶黑藻群落面积1950s占全湖的32%,随后急剧下降至1980s的6%,2000年以后逐步增加,至2014年为15%.1950s1990s,穗状狐尾藻、微齿眼子菜和金鱼藻群落分布范围从周边向湖心扩展,而轮叶黑藻群落从湖中心消失;2000年以后洪湖沉水植物群落分布破碎化明显.分析认为,1950s 1990s的围垦和水文过程变化,1990s 2005年的围网养殖、水生植物过度利用以及由此导致的水质恶化等,以及2006年至今开展的拆围和生态修复是导致这些变化的主要因素.建议取缔围网,控制入湖水质,提高水体透明度,促进水生植被恢复,但同时增加水位变幅,促进植物资源合理利用,避免沼泽化重演.     

洪泽湖3种沉水植物附着细菌群落结构及多样性

沉水植物茎叶表面附着的藻、菌及其他物质,不仅影响沉水植物自身生长,而且影响水体物质循环过程,附着藻类的研究已经有不少报道,但附着细菌的报道相对较少.采用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术,研究洪泽湖典型沉水植物——菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)在生长旺盛期叶表面附着细菌的群落结构及多样性特征,并采用冗余分析法探讨环境因子对附着细菌丰度的影响.结果表明,(1)3种沉水植物附着细菌群落结构有明显的差异性.143 bp T-RF在菹草和篦齿眼子菜中的相对丰度平均达到了20%和11%,而在金鱼藻中的相对丰度小于1%;89 bp T-RF在金鱼藻中的相对丰度平均约为13%,而在菹草和篦齿眼子菜中相对丰度小于5%.94 bp T-RF在菹草样品中相对丰度超过15%,而在其他样品中未被检测出.(2)从多样性角度分析,3种沉水植物附着细菌多样性大小依次为篦齿眼子菜菹草金鱼藻.(3)部分限制性片段的丰度受环境因子的影响较大,如89、94、143和227 bp T-RFs.而如167 bp T-RFs在3种沉水植物中的相对丰度分布较为稳定,受上述环境因子的限制较小.根据细菌比对结果,洪泽湖附着细菌的优势菌群可能属于拟杆菌门(Bacteroides)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)3个门类.     

水生高等植物马来眼子菜和金鱼藻的初级生产率(黑白瓶法)

用黑白瓶测氧法测定了水生高等植物马来眼子菜(竹叶眼子菜,Potamogeton malaianus)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)的初级生产。按单位鲜重或干重表示的毛生产率,马来眼子菜为0.43—1.50mg O_2/g FWt.h(3.76—13.03mg O_2/g DWt.h);金鱼藻为0.44—0.45mg O_2/g FWt.h(5.12—5.27mg O_2/g DWt.h)。净生产率则分别为0.15—1.44mg O_2/g FWt.h(1.31—12.51mg O_2/g DWt.h)和0.08—0.25mg O_2/g FWt.h(0.93—2.95mg O_2/g DWt.h)。讨论了测定时的样品重量和光照强度对生产率的影响。     

沉水植物附植生物膜藻类组成及重金属累积特征

沉水植物表面常富集水体中有机质、泥沙、菌胶团、藻类、微生物等形成附植生物膜,在湖泊生物地球化学循环过程中具有重要作用.在草海选取金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）、微齿眼子菜（Potamogeton maackianus）和光叶眼子菜（Potamogeton lucens L.）3种不同叶形的沉水植物,研究附植生物膜的形貌结构、理化特征、藻类及其重金属镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）累积特征.结果表明：3种沉水植物附植生物膜上共鉴定出藻类6门8纲17目29科65属81种,主要为蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻,不同附植生物膜藻类功能群组成不同,冗余分析表明,水环境因子能解释藻类功能群变化的88.3%;3种沉水植物附植生物膜铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）含量变化规律一致,均为：金鱼藻 > 微齿眼子菜 > 光叶眼子菜;附植生物膜中重金属的累积具有选择性,Pb大量累积（11.41~41.31 mg/kg）,Cd累积含量较低（0.59~5.76 mg/kg）且与植物相当（0.44~5.56 mg/kg）,附植生物膜中Pb累积含量与生物膜中隐藻门、硅藻门藻类生物量、Fe、Mn及TN含量呈显著相关,但Cd累积与生物膜各指标均无显著相关性.附植生物膜在草型湖泊污染物归趋转化中的作用值得关注.     

Long-term changes of zoobenthic fauna and submerged vegetation in the shallow Lake Monterosi (Italy)

Benthic invertebrates and aquatic vegetation were investigated in the volcanic Lake Monterosi with the aim to define the stage of development reached during progressive modifications which occurred in the shallow lake. Increasing trophy and introduction of an exotic plant (Nelumbo nucifera) were the key-factors responsible for the rapid qualitative reduction of the macrophyte population and its modification to non rooted plants (Ceratophyllum demersum). The invertebrate fauna associated with macrophytes was found to be abundant, diversified (83 taxa) and characterized by high diversity and presence of bioindicators of mesotrophy. Although the zoobenthic community appeared to be positively influenced by the macrophyte-dominated stage, some negative effects of Nelumbo-colonization on the invertebrate fauna indicated that further growth of this plant would cause a rapid change in the lake.     

A Preliminary Study of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) in Lake Taihu,a Shallow Subtropical Lake in China

The optical properties and spatial distribution of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu were evaluated and compared to the results in literature. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranged from 8.75 to 20.19 mg L^?1 with an average of (13.10 ± 3.51) mg L^?1. CDOM absorption coefficients a(λ) at 280 nm, 355 nm, and 440 nm were in the range 11.28...33.46 m^?1 (average (20.95 ± 5.52) m^?1), 2.42...7.90 m^?1 (average (4.92 ± 1.29) m^?1), and 0.65...2.44 m^?1 (average (1.46 ± 0.44) m^?1), respectively. In general, CDOM absorption coefficient and DOC concentration were found to decrease away from the river inflow to Meiliang Bay towards the lake center. The values of the DOC‐specific absorption coefficients a*(λ), given as absorption coefficient related to mass concentration of organic carbon (C) ranged from 0.28 to 0.47 L mg^?1 m^?1 at 355 nm. The determination coefficients between CDOM absorption and DOC concentration decreased with the increase of wavelength from 280 to 550 nm. The linear regression relationship between CDOM absorption at 280 nm and DOC concentration was following: a(280 nm) = 1.507 L mg^?1 m^?1 · DOC + 1.215 m^?1. The spectral slope S values were dependent on the wavelength range used in the regression. The estimated S values decreased with increasing wavelength range used. A significant negative linear relationship was found between CDOM absorption coefficients, DOC‐specific absorption coefficients and estimated S values especially in longer wavelength range. The linear regression relationship between DOC‐specific absorption coefficients at 440 nm and estimated S values during the wavelength range from 280 to 500 nm was following: a*(440 nm) = (–0.021 μm · S + 0.424) L mg^?1 m^?1.     

Seasonal Flux of Nonstructural Carbohydrate in Five Species of Submerged Macrophytes in a Precambrian Shield Lake. Part 1: Effect of Light and Water Depth

Summary: Soluble carbohydrate and starch were examined in shoots of Ceratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Myriophyllum exalbescens, Potamogeton foliosus and P. zosteriformis in Shoal Lake (Manitoba–Ontario) during the 1985 season. A wide range of variation was found for the same species on any given day among different sampling stations at the same depth. Correlations of each of total soluble carbohydrate and starch with water depth were inconsistent on any given day, although inverse correlations were more common. In M. exalbescens, roots consistently contained more soluble carbohydrate than shoots. The soluble carbohydrate fraction of all species contained glucose, fructose and sucrose. However C. demersum also contained significant and relatively constant proportions of melibiose, raffinose and stachyose. Starch content decreased during the season in C. demersum but increased in P. foliosus and P. zosteriformis shoots. E. canadensis and M. exalbescens showed no significant seasonal trends. Starch comprised 30 … 85 % of the total nonstructural carbohydrate in the 5 species. Seasonal carbohydrate and starch concentrations were not significantly correlated with each other in any of the macrophytes examined. The proportion of starch relative to the total nonstructural carbohydrate increased during the season in P. foliosus and P. zosteriformis.     

城区河流中沉水植物分布特征及其影响因素分析——以宁波城区内河为例

以宁波城区内河为研究对象,调研沉水植物在154条河中的分布情况,实测63个代表样点的水环境指标,分析秋、冬季沉水植物群落变化及生理变化.研究发现：宁波城区内仅有8条河流单一地生长有沉水植物轮叶黑藻（Hydrilla verticillata）、苦草（Vallisneria natans）和金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）中的1种;3种沉水植物分布与溶解氧、氧化还原电位和pH均呈显著正相关,与水深、氨氮（NH₃-N）和总磷（TP）浓度均呈显著负相关;有沉水植物分布的河道水深较浅（约0.9 m）、水质更优（普遍优于V类）;与秋季相比,冬季3种植物的群落盖度均下降,轮叶黑藻和苦草体内丙二醛、过氧化氢含量升高,暗示植物细胞受损;而3种沉水植物均具有一定耐低温胁迫能力,主要表现为体内抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量升高.结果表明,水深、NH₃-N、TP、溶解氧以及低温可能会影响城区内河沉水植物的生长与分布.     

洱海沉水植物群落恢复与优化初探

近几十年来,在入湖营养盐增加,水质持续下降,藻类生物量逐年升高及水位大幅波动下,洱海沉水植物群落演替速度加剧.2016年7月调查显示：洱海沉水植被退化严重,物种数量显著低于近期（2011年）历史水平,分布面积较有记录的历史最高水平（1980s）下降超过70%,优势物种由1960s的海菜花（Ottelia acuminata）、蓖齿眼子菜（Stuckenia pectinata）和大茨藻（Najas marina）等转变为微齿眼子菜（Potamogeton maackianus）、金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）以及苦草（Vallisneria natans）.沉水植物群落在浅水区（0~2.5 m）主要遭受了浮叶植物细果野菱（Trapa maximowiezii）过度生长带来的生境胁迫,在中等水深区（2.5~4 m）面临微齿眼子菜和金鱼藻的过度生长导致的群落结构的单一化影响,而在深水区（>4 m）面临着面积萎缩的风险,这些严重抑制了沉水植物清水稳态效应的发挥.通过对比洱海典型湖湾洱滨村水域沉水植物群落结构在恢复与优化前后的变化,发现洱滨村水域各水深区间沉水植物群落各项多样性指标与恢复物种的丰度均显著提升.因此,我们总结提出了针对洱海典型富营养湖湾沉水植被恢复和管理的建议和对策,以期为后续进一步开展洱海生态系统恢复相关工作提供依据.     

Nitrate content and potential microbial signature of rock glacier outflow,Colorado Front Range

Here we characterize the nutrient content in the outflow of the Green Lake 5 rock glacier, located in the Green Lakes Valley of the Colorado Front Range. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was present in all samples with a mean concentration of 0·85 mg L^?1 . A one‐way analysis of variance test shows no statistical difference in DOC amounts among surface waters (p = 0·42). Average nitrate concentrations were 69 µmoles L^?1 in the outflow of the rock glacier, compared to 7 µmoles L^?1 in snow and 25 µmoles L^?1 in rain. Nitrate concentrations from the rock glacier generally increased with time, with maximum concentrations of 135 µmoles L^?1 in October, among the highest nitrate concentrations reported for high‐elevation surface waters. These high nitrate concentrations appear to be characteristic of rock glacier outflow in the Rocky Mountains, as a paired‐difference t‐test shows that nitrate concentrations from the outflow of 7 additional rock glaciers were significantly greater compared to their reference streams (p = 0·003). End‐member mixing analysis suggest that snow was the dominant source of nitrate in June, ‘soil’ solution was the dominant nitrate source in July, and base flow was the dominant source in September. Fluoresence index values and PARAFAC analyses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are also consistent with a switch from terrestrial DOM in the summer time period to an increasing aquatic‐like microbial source during the autumn months. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of fire and vegetation cover on hydrological characteristics of a Mediterranean shrubland soil

An experimental study based on the effects of fire on soil hydrology was developed at the Experimental Station of ‘La Concordia’ (Valencia, Spain). It is located on a calcareous hillside facing SSE and composed of nine erosion plots (4 × 20 m). In summer 2003, after eight years of soil and vegetation recovery from previous fires in 1995 (with three fire treatments: T1 high‐intensity fire, T2 moderate intensity, and T3 not burnt), experimental fires of low intensity were again conducted on the plots already burnt, to study the effects of repeated fires on the soil water infiltration, soil water content and runoff. Infiltration rates and capacities were measured by the mini‐disk infiltrometer method (MDI), assessing the effects of vegetation cover by comparing the under‐canopy microenvironment (UC) and its absence on bare soil (BS), immediately before and after the fire experiments. Soil properties like water retention capacity (SWRC) and water content (SWC) were also determined for the different fire treatments (T1, T2 and T3) and microsites (UC and BS). Hydrological parameters, such as runoff and infiltration rate, were monitored at plot scale from July 2002 to July 2004. In the post‐fire period, data displayed a 20% runoff increase and a decrease in infiltration (18%). Differences in the steady‐state infiltration rate (SSI) and infiltration capacity (IC) were tested with the MDI on the different treatments (T1, T2 and T3), and between the UC and BS microsites of each treatment. After fire, the SSI of the UC soil declined from 16 mm h⁻¹ to 12 mm h⁻¹ on T1, and from 24 mm h⁻¹ to 19 mm h⁻¹ on T2. The IC was reduced by 2/3 in the T1 UC soil, and by half on T2 UC soil. On the BS of T1 and T2, the fire effect was minimal, and higher infiltration rates and capacities were reached. Therefore, the presence/absence of vegetation when burnt influenced the post‐burnt infiltration patterns at soil microscale. On the T3, different rates and capacities were obtained depending on the microsites (UC and BS), with higher SSI (25 mm h⁻¹) and IC (226 mm h⁻¹) on BS than on UC (SSI of 18 mm h⁻¹ and IC of 136 mm h⁻¹). The SWRC and SWC were recovered from 1995 to 2003 (prior to the fires). The 2003 fire promoted high variability on the SWC at pF 0·1, 2 and 2·5, and the SWRC on burnt soils were reduced. To summarize, the IC and SSI post‐fire decreases were related to the lower infiltration rate at plot scale, the significant differences in the SWRC between burnt and control treatments, and the increase in the runoff yield (20%). According to the results, the MDI was a useful tool to characterize the soil infiltration on the vegetation patches of the Mediterranean maquia, and contrary to other studies, on the UC soil, the infiltration rate and IC, when soil was dry, were lower than that obtained on BS. Once the soil gets wet, similar values were found on both microenvironments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水位对洞庭湖湿地4种典型沉水植物的影响

近年来,受全球变化及高强度人为干扰的影响,湿地退化严重(洞庭湖湿地枯水期提前、枯水期水位持续降低和浅水洼地减少),导致洞庭湖湿地沉水植物大面积消亡.深入研究洞庭湖低水位对沉水植物的生长影响,对指导沉水植物恢复有重要意义.以我国典型通江湖泊洞庭湖典型沉水植物为研究对象,模拟野外沉水植物主要分布区域浅水洼地水文环境,设置4个水位梯度(25、50、75、100 cm),探讨竹叶眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)、黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)的生长、生物量和生理活性对水位变化的响应.结果显示:(1)前期底质养分含量为:总氮0.09%、总磷0.09%、总钾3.04%、碱解氮20.87 mg/kg、速效磷10.7 mg/kg、速效钾326.67 mg/kg、硝态氮6.97 mg/kg、氨氮6.59 mg/kg、有机碳1.21%、有机质2.09%,2个月后,不同水位的底质养分含量有差异,100和75 cm水池的养分含量高于50和25 cm,氨氮、有机质和有机碳含量在25 cm水位的水池较高;(2)75 cm水位适合竹叶眼子菜和黑藻生长,100 cm水位适合苦草和金鱼藻生长;(3)100 cm水位有利于竹叶眼子菜的繁殖及生物量积累,75 cm水位有利于黑藻和金鱼藻的繁殖及生物量积累,50 cm水位有利于苦草的繁殖及生物量积累;(4)100 cm水位下的沉水植物酶活性强,75和50 cm水位下的沉水植物次之,25 cm水位下的最弱.以上结果表明,4种沉水植物的生长特征和生物量积累随水位变化,在水域生态恢复中应考虑将水位控制在50~100 cm之间,这样有利于促进种群生物量和水生生态系统的恢复.