铁矿新知

灵宝式铁矿灵宝式铁矿生于花岗岩及偉晶岩中与前震旦纪大理岩的接触帶上,矿体呈透镜状,矿石中所含主要矿物为磁铁矿和蛭石,圍岩蝕变有蛭石化、透閃石化,阳起石化和局部的矽嘎岩化。它与巨大的蛭石矿紧密共生。这是以前接触交代矿床所未曾見过的,同时它的发现也推翻了过去認为蛭石矿只与超基性岩有关的論点。     

宣龙铁矿矿石组构特征及蓝藻对铁的富集作用

宣龙式铁矿是我国北方重要的沉积型铁矿。多年来,许多地质工作者从不同角度进行了研究。宣龙铁矿与藻叠层关系密切,本文着重探讨生物(蓝藻)对铁矿富集的作用。     

河北省一个铁矿钠质交代岩石的多元统计研究

河北省的一个接触交代型铁矿是一个富铁矿床。铁矿与燕山期中性岩浆侵入杂岩有成因联系,中性岩浆侵入杂岩包括角闪闪长岩-闪长岩和二长岩-闪长岩两个岩石系列。与铁矿关系最密切的岩体侵入在中奥陶统马家沟碳酸岩地层中。     

罗河铁矿的硫同位素分馏机制和矿床形成的物理化学条件的研究

罗河铁矿(又称庐枞铁矿)是我国长江中下游火山岩地区大型铁矿床之一,是一种重要的矿床类型。十多年来,各研究单位和生产部门对该矿床进行了多方面、较系统的研究,取得可喜成果(张荣华等,1974;张荣华,1981;陈锦石等,1982)。然而,要进一步阐明这类矿床的成矿机理,还需要对该矿床的蚀变和成矿条件进行深入研究。本文着重讨论罗河铁矿的硫同位素分馏机制,并在此基础上结合地质和矿物包裹体的资料,近似定量地推算该矿床形成各阶段的物理化学条件范围及变化规律。     

磷铁矿(Fe2P)在我国发现

磷铁矿¹⁾(Fe_2.0939Ni_0.0746Cr_0.0215P发现于我国某地含铂硫化铡镍矿床的原生带中。该矿物是磷铁矿Fe₂P-磷镍矿Ni₂P系列的端员组分矿物,也是地球上首次发现的一种含铁、磷的金属互化物矿物。     

鄂西宁乡式铁矿的形成和分布规律(对鄂西地区今后地質找矿及勘探工作提供几点意见)

冶金工業部和地質部的勘探队经过几年來的地質工作,已经証实鄂西宁乡式铁矿系我国目前巨大的铁矿之一。該矿产于上泥盆纪地层中,分布在鄂西長阳、建始、恩施……等县,幅員广大,铁矿品位好,储量大。放在地質勘探者面前的重要任务,就是如何进一步继續扩大鄂西地区的铁矿储量,为国家在鄂西建立巨大鉄矿基地提供地質資源。为了完成这一任务,笔者通过一年多的工作感到有兩个問題需要提出。     

铁矿地质数据统计分布与铁矿成铁作用

从铁矿储量、品位等数据统计出发,分析各类铁矿品位的分布特点与规律,认为铁矿品位分布结构与该类铁矿的成矿条件,作用特点和机制有关;以系统数据及图表论证了单一成矿作用、一次成矿形成广泛分布的贫矿,再次或多期次（多阶段）和多种作用成矿的同位叠加,是使品位加富和形成工业富铁矿的关键;对各类铁矿品位高低、富矿规模力图进行合理的解释。     

气液包裹体气相色谱分析及其地质意义

矿物中气液包裹体的气体成分的研究,对于了解岩石矿床的形成条件及指导找矿有重要意义。为此我们改造了国产SP2305型气相色谱仪,使它适用于包裹体的气体分析,得到较好的效果。用这种设备,我们曾对几个火山岩铁矿、变质铁矿和热液矿床进行了研究,并获得初步结果。     

河北省铁矿类型及勘查开发现状

河北省是我国重要的铁矿产地。全省铁矿可归纳为5种成因类型,即沉积变质型铁矿、岩浆岩型铁矿、矽卡岩型铁矿、沉积型铁矿和火山热液型铁矿。在对不同类型铁矿地质特征进行总结的基础上,对全省铁矿的资源勘查和开发利用现状进行了梳理,对河北省铁矿资源禀赋特征进行了分析,提出了铁矿勘查、开发及管理中的问题和建议。     

我国西部铁矿、富铁矿分布及资源量预测

文章对我国西部铁矿成矿区带进行了划分;并对我国西部铁矿、富铁矿各成矿区带的成矿规律进行了简单的叙述;同时对各成矿区带进行了资源量的预测.     

冀东迁西-迁安地区早太古代变质岩系原岩恢复及其地质意义

冀东早太古代变质岩系的主体是一套呈层分布的,各种成分麻粒岩及其某些退变质产物——斜长角闪岩类。在其上部发育变质含铁建造,而在其下部常夹有变质的镁铁质和超镁铁质岩(如变闪辉岩、变辉石岩和蛇纹石化橄榄岩等)薄层或透镜体。 麻粒岩的矿物组合是斜方辉石+单斜辉石+斜长石(常常为反条纹长石)+石英+磁铁矿±角闪石±黑云母。在变质含铁建造中局部出现包括铝硅酸盐的矿物组合(蓝晶石-石榴石-黑云母-斜长石-石英)。变质铁硅质岩可以分为两类:辉石磁铁石英岩和英榴易熔岩(张儒瑗,从柏林,1981)。     

Auriferous sediments of the Yilgarn Block, Western Australia

Gold-bearing sediments of mixed sedimentary-igneous composition, and associated largely with various basic volcanic rocks (greenstones), abound in the Archaean of the Yilgarn Block. In the Coolgardie district, where perhaps they are best developed, many important gold mines and several series of minor gold deposits occur in a few such horizons. Practically identical occurrences, even when highly metamorphosed, are also found elsewhere in greenstone belts-e.g. in the Southern Cross-Westonia-Yellowdine metamorphic zone.     

Geochronology of an archaean tonalitic gneiss dome in Northern Finland and its relation with an unusual overlying volcanic conglomerate and komatiitic greenstone

Archaean gneiss-greenstone relationships are still unresolved in many ancient cratonic terrains although there is growing evidence that most of the late Archaean greenstone assemblages were deposited on older tonalitic crust.We report here well defined basement-cover relationships from a late Archaean greenstone belt in Lapland, north of the Polar Circle. The basal greenstone sequence contains quartzite, schist, komatiitic volcanics and an unusual volcanic conglomerate with well preserved granite pebbles of an older basement. These rocks surround a gneiss dome composed of foliated tonalite which shows a polyphase deformation pattern not seen in the neighbouring greenstones.Zircon fractions of the gneisses plot on two discordia lines and give upper intercept ages with concordia at 3,069±16 Ma and 3,110±17 Ma respectively. One fraction contains metamict zircons with components at least 3,135 Ma old. These are the oldest reliable ages yet reported from the Archaean of the Baltic Shield. Rb-Sr whole-rock dating of the tonalitic gneiss yielded an isochron age of 2,729±122 Ma and an I_Sr of 0.703±0.001. This is interpreted to reflect a resetting event during which the gneisses may have acquired their present tectonic fabric.Rb-Sr model age calculations yield mantle values for I_Sr at about 2,950±115 Ma and suggest that the tonalite was intruded into the crust as juvenile material at about 3.1 Ga ago as reflected by the zircon ages. It was subsequently deformed and isotopically reset at about 2.7 Ga ago, prior to greenstone deposition.Comparison with tonalitic gneisses of eastern Karelia displays significant differences and suggests that the Archaean of Finland may contain several generations of pre-greenstone granitoid rocks.     

吉林省板石沟—旺文川绿岩带岩石地球化学特征及成岩环境分析

吉林省南部晚太古宙绿岩带位于龙岗古陆核南部边缘,它包括板石沟、四方山和旺文川绿岩带,其岩石主要为变质镁铁质火山岩和变质长英质火山岩,反映出具双峰式火山岩的特征。另外,本区绿岩带岩石的岩石化学和地球化学特征与龙岗古陆核北部边缘的夹皮沟绿岩带具有明显的差异,表明两者成岩环境不同。本区绿岩带斜长角闪岩属板内玄武岩,其成岩环境与大陆裂谷环境相似。     

宁芜火山岩地区同位素地质年代学的初步研究

宁芜火山岩地区在长江下游,地跨苏、皖两省,位于淮阳山字型构造前弧东翼,是一陆相断陷盆地。中生代以来,该地区岩浆活动强烈,表现为大面积的中性和偏碱性岩浆喷发和侵入,其中火山岩厚度达千余米。解放以来,不少单位对该火山岩地区进行了大量工作。     

北京西山——一个早中生代拗拉谷的一部分

华北地台北部的燕辽带在晚元古代时为一拗陷带,蓟县地区的整个层系厚度在10,000m以上。中生代时发生强烈的岩浆活动和形变。其构造性质与地台的含义并不相符,前人对该区有沉降带、台褶带等提法。     

鞍本太古代绿岩盆地铁矿的成矿特征

辽宁省鞍山本溪地区是我国著名的铁矿产区。对于本区鞍山式铁矿的成矿特征,作者在前人工作的基础上,经过三年多的调查研究,认为本区鞍山式铁矿不是一种单一的矿床类型,而是赋存在不同时代、不同大地构造环境的两种矿床系列,即属于阿尔戈马型铁矿系列和苏必利尔型铁矿系列。并在划分成矿系列的基础上提出了本区的成矿模式。     

额尔古纳地块基底地质构造

额尔古纳地块是额尔古纳-马门-加格达奇拼合地块中的典型代表.研究表明,其基底由前中元古代绿岩及与之伴生的花岗质杂岩组成,它们具有地壳早期演化的地质构造特征.绿岩带为典型的变质基性-酸性火山岩及部分变质沉积岩系构成的火山-沉积建造,火山岩以拉斑玄武岩为主,向上过渡为钙碱性火山岩系列,表现为双峰态型特点.花岗岩类为TTG岩系及石英二长岩-花岗岩组合.花岗岩-绿岩地体内各岩石类型的岩石地球化学特征与国外太古宙及我国华北陆台花岗岩-绿岩带内同类岩石极为相似.双峰态型火山岩及绿岩建造组合,以及类似于TH2、FII型的变质基性火山岩和长英质火山岩特征,结合高铝型英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩组合,指示了研究区绿岩带的形成环境类似于大陆边缘弧后裂谷型火山-沉积盆地.     

Early extension in the Late Archaean northeastern Eastern Goldfields Province,Yilgarn Craton,Western Australia

A series of linked extensional detachments, transfer faults, and sediment- and volcanic-filled half-grabens that pre-date regional folding are described in the Late Archaean Margaret anticline, Eastern Goldfields Province, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. Coeval structures and rock units include layer-parallel extensional detachments, transfer faults (high-angle rotational faults rooted in the detachments and linking layer-parallel shear zones with varying amounts of extension); felsic intrusions, either as granitoids emplaced in or below the detachments, or as fine-grained intrusive bodies emplaced above the detachments and controlled by the high-angle faults; and half-grabens controlled by the high-angle faults and filled with clastic sedimentary and volcanic rocks. At least 1500 m of section is excised across the detachments. The detachments and high-angle faults are folded by the east-northeast regional compression that formed the Margaret anticline. Extensional deformation in the Margaret anticline is correlated with the regionally recognised felsic magmatism and associated volcanic and volcaniclastic basin fill dated at approximately 2685–2670 Ma across the Eastern Goldfields Province. This suggests the extensional event was province-wide and post-dated initial greenstone deposition (at around 2705 Ma) but pre-dated regional compressive deformation. We suggest the extension is the result of a thermal anomaly in the crust, generated by the insulating effect of a thick pile (of the order of 10 km or greater) of mafic and ultramafic volcanic rocks on precursor Archaean felsic crust. The thermal anomaly has generated renewed production of felsic and mafic volcanic rocks, coeval with uplift and extension in the upper crust.     

Stratigraphic and structural synthesis of the New England Orogen

The Spring Well volcanic complex in the Eastern Goldfields Province of Western Australia, is a relatively fresh and well exposed Archaean felsic volcanic centre that is preserved in a synclinal structure at the top of the local greenstone succession. Subaerial acid pyroclastic deposits and subordinate lava flows, intruded by anastomosing intermediate‐acid dykes and sills, comprise the near‐vent facies. In the distal regions of the centre, subaqueous crystal tuff and other tuff units are intercalated with epiclastic sediments.

Geochemical modelling indicates that the acid rocks are unlikely to have been derived by batch partial melting of probable crustal sources. However, differentiation from intermediate parents is compatible with the available geochemical data. The intermediate rocks, in turn, have critical geochemical characteristics comparable with all other studied intermediate calc‐alkaline rocks in the Yilgarn Block. Since it can be demonstrated that many of these rocks have an ultimate mantle source (through differentiation of LIL element enriched mafic primary magmas) it follows that such an origin is applicable in the Spring Well rocks. Therefore, it is concluded that the Spring Well volcanic complex represents a mantle‐derived, calc‐alkaline differentiation series, in which the more silicic members of the suite predominate. Apart from the diagnostic geochemical characteristics of these acid volcanic rocks, their spatial association with intermediate rocks distinguishes them from anatectic acid volcanic rocks that also occur in the greenstone sequences of the Yilgarn Block.