天然沸石矿矿石不同物化性能间的相关性研究

以牡丹江东部的穆棱沸石矿床为例,探讨了天然沸石矿矿石不同物化性能间的相关规律.研究表明,天然沸石矿矿石的K 交换容量、热失重值、吸湿率、气体吸附容量等与NH 4交换容量、矿石的耐酸性及热稳定性之间,均具有较明显的正相关性;矿石的耐酸性、热稳定性与NH 4交换容量之间的相关性不明显;而矿石的比表面积与比辐射率之间却有较明显的负相关性.天然沸石矿矿石不同物化性能之间的负相关性称为"不同物化性能之间的制约性",这种"此优彼劣"性能的研究,对天然沸石矿的综合利用和最佳利用具有重要的指导意义.     

黑龙江省穆棱沸石矿田矿石矿物特征及物化性能分析

综合应用显微观测、化学分析和物化检测手段，对黑龙江省穆棱沸石矿床沸石岩进行了系统研究，确定其矿物组成主要为斜发沸石和丝光沸石，二可单独产出，也可形成混合型矿石。该矿石在成分上属高硅型沸石，SiO2／Al2O3比值均大于8，有富元素As、Pb等较低。物化性能测试表明，穆棱沸石矿为高品级沸石矿，矿石平均热失重值达12．8％，NH4^ 交换容量为146．10meq/100g^,K^ 交换容量平均9．58mmol/100g，丝光沸石热稳定性可稳定至800℃-900℃，具有良好的开发应用前景。     

黑龙江省穆棱沸石矿物化性能的基本特征及评价

黑龙江省穆棱沸石矿的储量大、品位高、沸石类型好、物化性能优良。通过对穆棱沸石矿的热脱水失重值、阳离子交换性能、热稳定性能、耐酸性能、吸附性能、比表面积、比辐射率、化学成分及微量元素组成特征等物化性能的系统对比研究，评价了穆棱沸石矿在相关应用领域中的优势，为综合开发利用提供了重要的基础资料。     

天然沸石的铵吸附容量研究

为了探讨天然沸石对NH4^＋的吸附规律,以江苏镇江的天然沸石为实验对象,测试其矿物组成与化学成分,通过静态摇床法实验研究其对铵离子的吸附特性及阳离子的交换特性,进行吸附等温线实验。结果表明,实验沸石对NH4^＋吸附等温线符合Langmuir公式。根据数学分析,确定沸石的铵吸附容量。     

牡丹江穆棱沸石矿床矿化分带特征与规律

文章以穆棱沸石矿床为例，探讨了天然沸石矿矿化分带特征与矿石物化性能的空间变化规律。研究表明：矿床不同部位沸石矿化类型的差异变化与碱金属K、Na元素的分异富集特征关系密切；若两者分异富集明显，易形成单一的斜发沸石或丝光沸石矿；反之，则形成混合型沸石矿。由矿体浅部往深部，矿石物化性能的差异变化总体表现为：NH4^ 和K^ 的交换容量、最大热失重值、吸湿率及气体吸附容量等渐趋增大；而矿石的耐酸性和热稳定性却有相反的变化趋势。     

沸石的活化处理及其对铅、钴的吸附性研究

通过对沸石的活化方法和其基本物化性能（主要包括化学成分、阳离子交换容量、密度、比表面积、孔径、渗透系数及热稳定性）及Pb^2＋,Co^2＋离子的吸附性能的初步研究认识到：1）经过酸化并经热处理后的沸石的阳离子交换容量（CEC）明显高于未经处理的原土;2）通过实验得出粒度为100目的天然沸石经酸活化处理后在300C下热活化,1．5h后测得离子交换量为最佳;3）沸石的密度为1．789g／cm^3;渗透系数为0．087cm／s（20℃）;体积平均粒径为13μm;比表面积为190．67m^2／g,平均孔径为102．27nm;4）沸石对重金属离子的吸附实验表明沸石对重金属离子Pb^2＋的吸附性能优于Co^2＋,20min时Pb^2＋和Co^2＋的吸附比（Rd）分别为20238．8ml／g及63．8ml／g;Pb^2＋和Co^2＋去除率分别为99．50％和40．00％。     

沸石对放射性核素Cs+,Sr2+的吸附阻滞作用

通过对新疆乌鲁木齐浅水河地区沸石的物化性质和工程特性(包括阳离子交换容量、孔结构、粒度组成、击实密度、渗透系数等)、活化处理以及对放射性核素C s ,S r2 吸附性能的研究,结果表明:该沸石的阳离子交换容量(CEC)达到97.9 m eq/100 g,在中性条件下最高为195.4 m eq/100 g;击实后的渗透系数为8.7×10-4m/s。沸石对溶液中的C s ,S r2 吸附量分别达到162.6×1-0 3和74.9×1-0 3,吸附效果优于内蒙高庙子膨润土矿。经过钠改性和铵改性处理后的沸石,对C s 的吸附量有不同程度的提高,最高达234.5×1-0 3;但对S r2 的吸附效果影响不大。溶液pH值对C s ,S r2 的吸附量有明显影响,中性和碱性环境更有利于沸石吸附作用的进行。     

浙江缙云壶镇盆地一带沸石矿石矿物特征及物化性能分析

运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜形貌研究及微区化学成分分析等手段,对浙江省缙云县壶镇盆地及其外围沸石矿床沸石进行系统研究,确定其矿物组成主要为斜发沸石和丝光沸石,二者可单独产出,也可形成混合型矿石。研究区矿石在成分上属高硅型沸石,SiO2/Al2O3比值接近于8,有害元素Fe,Mn,Ti等质量分数很低。物化性能测试表明,浙江省缙云县壶镇盆地及其外围沸石矿为高品级沸石矿,矿石NH4＋交换容量为163 mmol/100 g～212 mmol/100 g,K＋交换容量为15.73×10-3～19.30×10-3,氮气吸附能力为13.1 ml/g～21.0 ml/g,比表面积测试值为157.17 m^2/g～191.50 m^2/g,具有良好的开发应用前景。     

黑龙江省穆棱沸石矿在环保领域的应用探讨

黑龙江省穆棱沸石矿的储量大、品位高、沸石类型好、物化性能优良.以其优良的离子交换性能和吸附性能,将天然沸石应用在环保领域必将产生良好的效果和巨大的经济效益.     

天然斜发沸石吸附去除水中氨氮机理研究

采用天然斜发沸石吸附去除水中氨氮,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和X荧光光谱(XRF)分析沸石的物相组成和化学成分。通过批试验考察p H、氨氮初始浓度和温度对沸石吸附氨氮的影响,通过吸附等温线、吸附热力学和吸附动力学的研究探讨天然斜发沸石吸附氨氮的机理。溶液p H=8时沸石对氨氮的吸附效果最佳。Freundlich吸附等温线较Langmuir能更准确描述天然斜发沸石吸附氨氮的过程,该吸附过程属优惠吸附。对吸附热力学参数计算得到吉布斯自由能变ΔG~00,熵变ΔH~00,说明天然斜发沸石吸附氨氮是自发的吸热过程;熵变ΔS~00说明氨氮在沸石上的分布较在水溶液中的分布倾向无序。吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,且随着氨氮初始浓度的增大,吸附反应的优惠程度降低。运用颗粒内扩散模型对实验数据的拟合结果表明吸附过程分为两个阶段:前30分钟主要是外表面吸附,30分钟后主要是颗粒内扩散。     

Geological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of zeolite deposits associated with borates in the Bigadiç, Emet and Kirka Neogene lacustrine basins, western Turkey

The Bigadiç, Emet and Kirka lacustrine basins of western Turkey may be considered as Tibet-type graben structures that were developed during the Miocene within the Izmir-Ankara suture zone complex. The volcanic-sedimentary successions of these basins are made up of mudstone, carbonate (limestone and dolomite) and detrital rocks, and also of crystal or vitric tuffs about 135 to 200 m thick. The Degirmenli (Bigadiç), Emirler (Bigadiç) Köpenez (Emet) and Karaören (Kirka) tuffs constituting the zeolite deposits are situated beneath four borate deposits (colemanite, ulexite, borax). The most abundant diagenetic silicate minerals are K- and Ca-clinoptilolites in the zeolite deposits, and Li-rich trioctahedral smectites (stevensite, saponite and hectorite) and K-feldspar in the borate deposits. In the Degirmenli, Emirler. Köpenez and Karaören deposits, the following diagenetic faciès were developed from rhyolitic glasses rich in K and poor in Na: (glass + smectite), (K-clinoptilolite + opal-CT), (Caclinoptilolite + K-feldspar ± analcime ± quartz) and (K-feldspar+analcime+quartz). K-feldspar which is also rarely associated with phillipsite (Karaören) and heulandite (Degirmenli and Karaören), succeeds clinoptilolite and precedes analcime in these diagenetic facies where dioctahedral smectites, opal-CT and quartz are the latest minerals. No diagenetic transformations exist between clinoptilolite, K-feldspar and analcime that were formed directly from glass. The lateral facies distributions resulted from the differences in salinity and pH of pore water trapped during deposition of the tuffs, but vertical distributions in vitric tuffs seem to have been controlled by the glass/liquid ratio of the reacting system and the permeability or diffusion rate of alkali elements. The Bigadiç, Emet and Kirka zeolite deposits which were formed in saline basins rich in Ca and Mg ions, show similar chemical changes, i.e. loss of alkalis and gain in alkaline-earth elements that have taken place during the diagenetic transformation of rhyolitic glasses to dioctahedral smectites or clinoptilolite. The absence of sodic zeolites such as mordenite, erionite, chabazite and silica-rich phillipsite is mainly due to the very high K/Na ratio of the starting materials rather than initial alkaline conditions or high Na content in lake waters.     

Hydrothermal and thermal treatment of natural clinoptilolite zeolite from Bigadiç, Turkey: An experimental study

The clinoptilolite rich zeolite from Bigadiç which was formed from alteration of volcanic glass were treated with acidic (HCl, H₃BO₃, H₃PO₄), alkaline (KOH, NaOH) solutions. Hydrothermally treated and untreated samples were heat treated at 400, 550 and 700°C. XRD, ICP-MS and N₂ gas adsorption were used for physicochemical characterization of zeolites. Considering the Si/Al > 4 and Na+K/Ca+Mg < 1 ratios, zeolite sample is included to earth alkali clinoptilolite class (Heu II) which is also revealed by thermal treatments. Since zeolite structure contains low alkalies it was at collapsed 550°C. The removal of oxide elements efficiency of acids and alkalies were in the order of HCl > H₃PO₄ > HBO₃ > KOH > NaOH. XRD analysis indicated that the structure of zeolite was not altered with acids and alkali treatments. The structure of zeolite treated with HCl and other acids started to deform at 400 and 550°C respectively. In treatment with HCl, Si/Al ratio increases with significant a decrease in K content which resulted in a decrease in the heat stability of zeolite. No change was observed in the structure and thermal stability of clinoptilolite after alkali treatments. The fact that although significant amount of Na is removed with H₃BO₃ acid and Na is increased with NaOH but the thermal stability remains the same indicates that Na cation is not an important parameter as much as K. HCl and H₃PO₄ acid treatments increased the surface area depending on the dissolution of amorphous material and H₃PO₄ was found to be more effective. However, the total pore size decreased due to formation of new micropores.     

Water／Rock Interactions and Changes in Chemical Composition During Zeolite Mineralization

Systematic analysis and comparative study of the chemical compositons of rocks and ores from the main types of zeolite deposits in the surroundings of the Songliao Basic have shown that the process of formation of zeolite from volcanic and pyroclastic rocks is generally characterized by the relative purification of SiO2,i.e.,SiO2/Al2O3 ratios tend to increase,alkali eart elements (CaO MgO)and H2O are relatively enriched,and the alkali metals(K2O Na2O)are depleted in their total amount.The alkali metals K and Na follow different rules of migration and enrichment during the formation of mordenite and clinoptilolite.In the process of formation of mordenite more Na^ will be imported and K^ will be lost remarkably.On the contrary,in the process of formation clinoptilolite more K^ will be incorporated and Na^ will become obviously depleted.     

松辽盆地周围沸石矿成矿构造动力学环境

松辽盆地周围沸石资源丰富 ,矿床类型多样 ,是中国东部环太平洋沸石成矿带的重要组成部分。研究区NE—NNE向深大断裂带控制着中生代火山岩和沸石矿带的空间展布 ,而不同方向深大断裂带的交接复合地段则决定了沸石矿田和主要矿床的空间定位。燕山中晚期以挤压-剪切 (左行 )为主的构造动力学机制控制了富碱高钾火山岩的发育 ,为沸石矿源岩的形成期 ;喜山期的构造反转以拉张 -剪切 (右行 )为主的构造动力学机制及其相伴的岩浆热事件 ,导致区域地热异常、地下流体增温和沸石矿化作用的快速进行。研究区中生代火山岩系中沸石矿床的主成矿期为喜山期 (6 4 5～ 5 5 0Ma)。     

斜发沸石和丝光沸石的吸水性能

用离子交换、酸和碱处理斜发沸石来提高它的吸水能力没有取得明显效果。测得的斜发沸石、丝光沸石吸附水的等温线具有非线性特征,但25℃的等温线在水蒸气分压高于2400Pa 时,斜发沸石、丝光沸石和有粘合剂的合成分子筛的吸水量随着分压的升高而增加。这是由于样品中含有粘土矿物产生水蒸气的毛细凝聚作用而引起的。根据沸石的吸附热和水的蒸发热,用沸石作为吸附剂和水作为工质能建立一个高效的沸石太阳能利用体系。     

阳离子对斜发沸石物理化学性能的影响

利用离子交换方法可以制备出K-型、Na-型和Ca-型斜发沸石。斜发沸石所含的阳离子类型不同,其物理化学性能有明显的差异。本文就不同类型的阳离子对斜发沸石的某些物理化学性能的影响进行了研究。     

A PRELIMINARY APPROACH TO THE GEOTECTONIC EVOLUTION HISTORY AND MINERLIZATION IN VICTORIA,AUSTRALIA

According to the available data and field research, based on the diwatheory, the authors have studied the geotectonic evolution history and the associated minerlization in the Victoria area. It has been shown that this area is in fact a part of the Lachlan diwa region. The Victoria area can be divided into geodome fault-fold zone and subsidence zone. The former can be subdivided into three zones, from west to east, which are western uplift zone, central depression zone and eastern uplift zone. The evolution history of the Victoria area can be divided into four stages-Pregeosyncline, geosyncline, plateform and diwa. Each stage has distinct sedimentary, magmatic and structural features. Of the four stages, diwa stage is the most important for minerlization. Diwa stage started in the Devonian. During the development of diwa, a number of granites, which are characterized by high SiO2 and Na2O+K2O, were formed. The granites were abundance with mineralforming material. On the other hand, diwa geotectonism reformed and enriched the geosynclinal or platform ore deposits. Therefore, most of the ore deposits that occurred in the Victoria area are,more or less, related with diwa tectonism.