共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Application of statistical methods to study seasonal variation in the mine contaminants in soil and groundwater of Goa, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Soil and groundwater samples were collected during two seasons, premonsoon (April 1990) and postmonsoon (December 1990),
and analyzed for major elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn and Fe), trace elements (Ni, Pb, Co, Cr and Zn) and water
parameters (pH, conductivity, acidity, alkalinity, hardness, Cl and SO4). All the data were subjected to linear discriminant analysis and partial correlation analysis in order to understand the
seasonal variation in the data. It was observed from the Mahalanobis generalized distance that in both soil and groundwater
samples there was a large difference in the concentration level of premonsoon and postmonsoon data. Linear discriminant functions
were calculated to distinguish between premonsoon and postmonsoon samples. From the partial correlation coefficient analysis
of soil samples, dominance of chemical weathering and precipitation of atmospheric fallout during monsoon were inferred. In
the case of the water samples, high conductivity and high hardness in the postmonsoon samples as well as atmospheric fallout
of Pb and Ni during the premonsoon period was suggested from partial correlation of water samples.
Received: 19 September 1995 · Accepted: 12 December 1995 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
Relationship between aquatic insects and heavy metals in an urban stream using multivariate techniques 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
S. Girgin Ph.D. N. Kazanci Ph.D. M. Dügel Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(4):653-664
In the study, the relationship between some aquatic insect species (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Odonata) and some heavy metals (cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, nickel, iron and manganese) and boron were assessed using data obtained from the Ankara Stream, which flows through Ankara, the capital city of Turkey and receives high organic and industrial wastes. Sampling was carried out monthly along the Ankara Stream in 1991. environmental data were used to explain biological variation using multivariate techniques provided by the program canonical correspondence analysis ordination. The ordination method canonical correspondence analysis was applied to evaluate the relationships between environmental variables and distribution of aquatic insect larvae. Data sets were classified by two way indicator species analysis. In this study, aquatic insecta communities have been shown by canonical correspondence analysis ordination as related to total hardness, pH, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, nickel, iron, manganese and boron. Cadmium, lead, copper and boron exceeded limits of the United States Environmental Protection Agency criteria for aquatic life. Trichopteran, Dinarthrum iranicum was an indicator of two way indicator species analysis and was placed close to the arrow representing copper. Odonate, Aeschna juncea was an indicator of two way indicator species analysis in site 10 and was placed close to the arrows representing manganese, lead, and nickel. Trichopteran, Cheumatopsyche lepida and odonate, Platycnemis pennipes were indicators of two way indicator species analysis for sites 6, 7, 11, 14, 15, 18 and were placed close to the arrows representing cadmium, boron, iron and total hardness. 相似文献
5.
Zhengyu BAO Shengying QIAO Yueming HOU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):4-4
The urban environment quality is of vital importance as the majority of people now live in cities. Due to the continuous urbanization and industrialization with rapidly increasing economy in China, metals are continuously emitted into soils, imposing a great threat on human health. Urban soils might be affected by industrial activities, transport, agricultural practice, and waste disposal. An extensive survey was conducted in the highly urbanized Zhangzhou City (Fujian Province, China) using a systematic sampling strategy. Concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Cr and Ni were measured on 108 topsoil samples collected from parks (0-15 cm), residential areas and suburban agricultural soils. Statistic approach (cluster analysis) was adopted for identification of natural and anthropogenic influence on heavy metal contents. The maps of metal concentrations in surface soils were made based on geographical information system (GIS) data. All of these aim at assessing the distribution of these heavy metals in the urban environment. 相似文献
6.
为掌握黄石市城市边缘区农用土壤环境质量现状,在高密度表、深层土壤采样的基础上,重点分析了土壤重金属元素的分布规律和特征,对其进行了生态环境风险评价,并对重金属元素成因进行了溯源分析。结果表明:研究区土壤中的重金属元素As、Pb、Hg、Cd、Zn、Ni、Cu和Cr含量范围分别为(5.2~155.9)×10-6 、(19.2~426.1)×10-6 、(0.012~1.823)×10-6 、(0.03~4.59)×10-6 、(34.8~529.6)×10-6 、(8.5~86.2)×10-6 、(16.52~104.39)×10-6 和(51.2~145.5)×10-6,平均含量均超过区域土壤环境背景值,且Cd超过农用地土壤风险筛选值。重金属污染物主要集中在表层40 cm以上土壤中,土地类型中以水田和旱地污染为主,污染物中以Cd、As和Pb为主要特征。水田中As、Pb、Cu和Zn为轻度污染,Cd和Hg为中度污染,而Cr和Ni无污染;旱地和林地中As、Pb和Hg为轻度污染,Cd为中度污染,而Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn无污染。多元统计分析表明,研究区土壤中Cr和Ni为自然源成因,与成土母质相关;Cd和Pb、As和Hg主要为人为源污染,与黄石市高强度工矿业生产和硫化物矿物酸化释放有关;而Cu和Zn为混合源成因,部分来源于土壤环境背景,部分来源于人类活动和工业生产排放。 相似文献
7.
Identification of influencing factors for groundwater quality variation using multivariate analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper reports the results of multivariate analysis on the major-ions data present in groundwater collected in a hydrogeochemical
survey of a hard rock terrain in Andhra Pradesh, India. The use of factor analysis is proposed, as a first step, for identifying
the processes influencing the hydrogeochemical variations in groundwater. As a result of the application factor analysis,
three factors were obtained, which explained characterization of groundwater quality and identified the sources for the presence
of ions and its variations in concentrations and their geochemical processes. The natural dissolution of existing rocks of
granites and granitic gneisses is the common influencing source for its hydrogeochemical character in the study area, but
at some localized zones, the human-influenced sources of agricultural, industrial and urbanization are the dominating factors.
The spatial and seasonal variation of the hydrogeochemical processes associated with the factor variables in the groundwater
quality of the study area were analysed and evaluated. 相似文献
8.
Byoung-Young Choi Hyeon-Jung Kim Kangjoo Kim Seok-Hwi Kim Hwa-Jin Jeong Eungyu Park Seong-Taek Yun 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(2):335-345
Vertical variations of redox chemistry and groundwater quality were investigated in an alluvial aquifer beneath an agricultural
area, in which deep groundwaters are free of NO3, Fe, and Mn problems that are frequently encountered during the development of alluvial groundwaters. This study was performed
to identify and evaluate vertical chemical processes attenuating these chemical species in the study area. For this study,
the processes affecting groundwater chemistry were identified by factor analysis (FA) and the groundwater samples collected
from six multilevel samplers were hierarchically classified into three different redox zones by cluster analysis (CA) based
on the similarity of geochemical features. FA results indicated three major factors affecting the overall water chemistry:
agricultural activities (factor 1), redox reactions (factor 2), and remnant seawater (factor 3). The groundwater quality in
the study area was revealed to be controlled by a series of different redox reactions, resulting in different redox zones
as a function of depth. It was also revealed that the low Fe and Mn levels in the groundwater of the deeper part are associated
with sulfate reduction, which led to precipitation of Fe as iron sulfide and adsorption of Mn on it. 相似文献
9.
The study was taken up to establish the distributions of metals as well as to assess the extent of anthropogenic inputs into the Subarnarekha River. Bed sediments were collected; analyzed for metals; and assessed with the index of geo-accumulation (I geo), enrichment factor (EF) value, concentration factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI). Metals in the sediment were variable in the river and there are major pollution problems at certain locations. The average concentrations of Fe, Cu, Cr, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn, Co and Ba in mg/kg was found to be 30,802 ± 11,563, 69 ± 57, 111 ± 74, 75 ± 61, 842 ± 335, 42 ± 22, 100 ± 39, 15 ± 4 and 698 ± 435, respectively. The I geo, EF, CF and PLI indices showed that the contamination of Pb and Cu was more serious than that of Ni, Zn, Co and Ba, whereas the presence of Fe, Mn and Cr might be primarily from natural sources. The contamination of the sediments with metals at few locations is attributed to mining, industries and other anthropogenic causes. Principal component analysis was employed to better comprehend the controlling factors of sediment quality. The statistical analysis of inter-metallic relationship revealed the high degree of correlation among the metals indicated their identical behaviour during transport. PCA outcome of three factors together explained 83.8 % of the variance with >1 initial eigenvalue indicated both innate and anthropogenic activities are contributing factors as source of metal profusion in Subarnarekha River basin.The overall study reveals moderately serious pollution in the river basin principally in some locations under the anthropogenic influences. 相似文献
10.
11.
The concentration of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) in the atmosphere of urban Beijing was measured from October 2003 to September 2004 to investigate the origins and spatial-temporal variations of atmospheric Hg. The mean value of Hg concentration is 17.1 ng·m-3 (n=653). The atmospheric Hg data showed spatial-temporal variations throughout the duration of our observation. The maximum GEM concentration (53.7 ng·m-3) was observed at Gucheng in the western area of urban Beijing. The GEM concentrations increased from the north to the south of the studied area, and were higher in winter than in summer. The highest and lowest monthly averages of GEM concentrations were measured to be 23.3 and 4.1 ng·m-3 in January and July, respectively. In addition, GEM concentrations are higher in the daytime than at night in Autumn and from 14 March to 15 April, but daily GEM variation showed an inverse pattern from 22 April to 22 May. In winter, two peak values of GEM concentrations occurred at 13:30 and 21:30. Daily variation of GEM concentrations in summer was the lowest in the four seasons. Mercury from coal combustion was estimated to be the main source of anthropogenic emissions in Beijing from October 2003 to September 2004. Additionally, Hg emission from natural gas burning was estimated to be another dominant source of atmospheric Hg in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
13.
Assessment of groundwater quality using multivariate statistical techniques in Hashtgerd Plain, Iran 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
Multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis (CA), factor analysis (FA), principal component analysis (PCA),
and discriminant analysis (DA), were applied for the evaluation of variations and the interpretation of a large complex groundwater
quality data set of the Hashtgerd Plain. In view of this, 13 parameters were measured in groundwater of 26 different wells
for two periods. Hierarchical CA grouped the 26 sampling sites into two clusters based on the similarity of groundwater quality
characteristics. FA based on PCA, was applied to the data sets of the two different groups obtained from CA, and resulted
in three and five effective factors explaining 79.56 and 81.57% of the total variance in groundwater quality data sets of
the two clusters, respectively. The main factors obtained from FA indicate that the parameters influencing groundwater quality
are mainly related to natural (dissolution of soil and rock), point source (domestic wastewater) and non-point source pollution
(agriculture and orchard practices) in the sampling sites of Hashtgerd Plain. DA provided an important data reduction as it
uses only three parameters, i.e., electrical conductivity (EC), magnesium (Mg2+) and pH, affording more than 98% correct assignations, to discriminate between the two clusters of groundwater wells in the
plain. Overall, the results of this study present the effectiveness of the combined use of multivariate statistical techniques
for interpretation and reduction of a large data set and for identification of sources for effective groundwater quality management. 相似文献
14.
The study of brine aquifers in southern Taiwan is highly complicated by hybrid geochemical reactions, which obscure important
geochemical information. Using multivariate analysis on major and minor ion compositions normalized by Cl− content, chemical constituents were combined into two principal components representing brine mixing and mineral precipitation.
Comparing to multivariate analysis on the original data, this procedure reveals more geochemical information. It demonstrates
that the brine groundwater of the region is primarily composed of highly evaporated seawater. The evaporation ratio is >70%;
a point at which calcite, dolomite and gypsum precipitate. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions confirm this inference;
and further, geochemical modeling quantitatively determined the evaporation ratio to be about 85%. Natural boron contamination
is a consequence of brine groundwater. Two evolutionary trends in the plotting of the Cl/B ratio versus Cl− can be identified: (1) Cl/B ratio decreases with boron being released from clay minerals when brine aquifers are flushed
with freshwater; and (2) Cl/B ratio increases when seawater of a high Cl/B ratio infiltrates coastal aquifers. 相似文献
15.
16.
利用1∶25万土地质量地球化学调查数据分析和研究了安徽省宣城市南部地区土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn 8种重金属元素的地球化学特征以及重金属异常来源。调查发现地质背景是土壤元素含量的主控因素,调查区表、深层土壤重金属元素含量空间分布特征与地质背景、沉积环境表现出显著的空间一致性,重金属高含量成土母岩(荷塘组、皮园村组、蓝田组等地层)是土壤重金属元素高异常的主要影响因素,此外矿山开采、大气干湿沉降也是土壤重金属高异常的影响因素之一,土壤中Pb、Hg、Cd、Cr元素具有大气干湿沉降的输入来源。调查区土壤重金属污染风险主要影响指标为Cd,土壤Cd超过农用地土壤污染风险管制值的样品比例为2.56%,形态分析结果显示土壤Cd以离子交换态为主,结合农作物调查发现在土壤Cd高异常区存在一定的生态风险。 相似文献
17.
Water pollution sources assessment by multivariate statistical methods in the Tahtali Basin,Turkey 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In this study, multivariate statistical methods including factor, principal component and cluster analysis were applied to
surface water quality data sets obtained from the Tahtali River Basin, Turkey. Factor and principal components analysis results
revealed that surface water quality was mainly controlled by agricultural uses and domestic discharges. Cluster analysis generated
two clusters. Based on the locations of the sites consisted by each cluster and variable concentrations at these stations,
it was concluded that agricultural discharges strongly affected north and northeast part of the region. These methods are
believed to assist water managers to understand complex nature of water quality issues and determine priorities to improve
water quality. 相似文献
18.
Source and distribution of trace metals and nutrients in Narmada and Tapti river basins,India 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
The study was designed to establish the distributions of trace metals, dissolved organic carbon, and inorganic nutrients as
well as to assess the extent of anthropogenic inputs into the Narmada and Tapti rivers. Water and sediment qualities are variable
in the rivers, and there are major pollution problems at certain locations, mainly associated with urban and industrial centers.
The metal concentrations of samples of the aquatic compartments investigated were close to the maximum permissible concentration
for the survival of aquatic life, except for higher values of Cu (5–763 μg l−1), Pb (24–376 μg l−1), Zn (24–730 μg l−1), and Cr (70–740 μg l−1) and for drinking water except for elevated concentrations of metals such as Pb, Fe (850–2,060 μg l−1), Cr, and Ni (20–120 μg l−1). In general, the concentrations of trace metals in the rivers vary down stream which may affect the “health” of the aquatic
ecosystem and may also affect the health of the rural community that depends on the untreated river water directly for domestic
use. The assessment of EF, I
geo, and PLI in the sediments reveals overall moderate pollution in the river basins. 相似文献
19.
Spatial variation assessment of groundwater quality using multivariate statistical analysis(Case Study: Fasa Plain,Iran)
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《地下水科学与工程》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Groundwater is considered as one of the most important sources for water supply in Iran. The Fasa Plain in Fars Province, Southern Iran is one of the major areas of wheat production using groundwater for irrigation. A large population also uses local groundwater for drinking purposes. Therefore, in this study, this plain was selected to assess the spatial variability of groundwater quality and also to identify main parameters affecting the water quality using multivariate statistical techniques such as Cluster Analysis (CA), Discriminant Analysis (DA), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Water quality data was monitored at 22 different wells, for five years (2009-2014) with 10 water quality parameters. By using cluster analysis, the sampling wells were grouped into two clusters with distinct water qualities at different locations. The Lasso Discriminant Analysis (LDA) technique was used to assess the spatial variability of water quality. Based on the results, all of the variables except sodium absorption ratio (SAR) are effective in the LDA model with all variables affording 92.80% correct assignation to discriminate between the clusters from the primary 10 variables. Principal component (PC) analysis and factor analysis reduced the complex data matrix into two main components, accounting for more than 95.93% of the total variance. The first PC contained the parameters of TH, Ca2+, and Mg2+. Therefore, the first dominant factor was hardness. In the second PC, Cl-, SAR, and Na+ were the dominant parameters, which may indicate salinity. The originally acquired factors illustrate natural (existence of geological formations) and anthropogenic (improper disposal of domestic and agricultural wastes) factors which affect the groundwater quality. 相似文献