共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
K.A. Foland Jeffrey S. Linder Thomas E. Laskowski Norman K. Grant 《Chemical Geology》1984,46(3):241-264
Nine glauconite samples with relatively high K concentrations and which appear to be well crystallized using normal X-ray diffraction techniques have been studied using the method. The glauconite apparent ages exceed their KAr, RbSr and, in most cases, stratigraphic ages by substantial amounts. release spectra sometimes yield plateaus but these apparent ages have no geological significance. The results indicate that 39Ar is lost by recoil from mineral grains during neutron irradiation, consistent with previously reported observations. The amount of 39Ar loss was measured by isotope dilution for four samples and varied from 29% to 17%. In contrast, radiogenic 40Ar is quantitatively retained during irradiation. The very fine blades which make up glauconite grains yield the mineral susceptible to large amounts of 39Ar loss and unsuitable for dating. 相似文献
2.
激光显微探针~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar同位素定年 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
已有 5 0年历史的K Ar定年法 ,由于过剩Ar和Ar丢失的普遍发现 ,使其最广泛的应用面临着严重挑战。40 Ar/ 3 9Ar分步加热释氩法是常规K Ar定年法的发展 ,它克服了常规K Ar定年法的一些局限 ,又可以测定岩浆构造热事件。激光显微探针40 Ar/ 3 9Ar定年法是在 2 0世纪末把聚焦激光束应用在40 Ar/ 3 9Ar分步加热释氩法中而发展起来的一种定年方法。它既具有常规K Ar定年法和40Ar/ 3 9Ar分步加热释氩法的所有优越性 ,又把定年引入微观领域。特别是在 2 0世纪的最后几年 ,以激光显微探针40 Ar/ 3 9Ar定年方法的完善和精度的提高为标志 ,把K Ar年代学研究推向了一个新的里程碑。微区微量高精度高分辨定年 ,把定年时限扩展到人类历史范畴 ,精细的分析技术拓宽了年代学的应用范围 ,使之解决的地质问题更广泛和深入 ,并且开始冲击着地球科学中的某些热点和难点课题。 相似文献
3.
Marvin A. Lanphere 《Quaternary Research》2000,53(3):294
K–Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages have been measured on nine mafic volcanic rocks younger than 1 myr from the Snake River Plain (Idaho), Mount Adams (Washington), and Crater Lake (Oregon). The K–Ar ages were calculated from Ar measurements made by isotope dilution and K2O measurements by flame photometry. The 40Ar/39Ar ages are incremental-heating experiments using a low-blank resistance-heated furnace. The results indicate that high-quality ages can be measured on young, mafic volcanic rocks using either the K–Ar or the 40Ar/39Ar technique. The precision of an 40Ar/39Ar plateau age generally is better than the precision of a K–Ar age because the plateau age is calculated by pooling the ages of several gas increments. The precision of a plateau age generally is better than the precision of an isotope correlation (isochron) age for the same sample. For one sample the intercept of the isochron yielded an 40Ar/36Ar value significantly different from the atmospheric value of 295.5. Recalculation of increment ages using the isochron intercept for the composition of nonradiogenic Ar in the sample resulted in much better agreement of ages for this sample. The results of this study also indicate that, given suitable material and modern equipment, precise K–Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages can be measured on volcanic rocks as young as the latest Pleistocene, and perhaps even the Holocene. 相似文献
4.
Ar同位素体系定年矿物的封闭温度范围广,并且可以获得650℃~150℃温度段的非线性冷却历史,因此~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar热年代学成为研究地质体热演化历史过程中最有效的工具之一。但是由于矿物中Ar同位素扩散机制还有一些问题没有清楚地被认识,因此在一定程度上制约了~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar热年代学的发展。本文介绍了目前应用最广泛的两种~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar热年代学模式:多重扩散域模式和多路径扩散模式,讨论了它们的发展现状、存在的问题、可能解决的方法以及今后的发展方向。 相似文献
5.
P. Alexandre 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(15):4260-4272
In the case of volume diffusion, the closure temperature of a mineral is function of, among other factors, the characteristic diffusion dimension, which can be approximated by the grain size of the mineral analysed for grains smaller than or similar in size to the diffusion domains. The theoretical possibility of single mineral grain size thermochronology had been demonstrated empirically in earlier studies, mostly using biotite. In order to examine the potential of this method, it was tested alongside the widely used multi-mineral 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology. The sample comes from the granitic McLean pluton, in the south section of the Grenville orogeny. Seven grain size separates of biotite (ranging between 90 and 1000 μm), eight size fractions of amphibole (between 63 and 1000 μm), and three size fractions of K-feldspar (250-600 μm) were extracted and dated by the laser step-heating 40Ar/39Ar method. The total gas ages obtained behave as theoretically predicted, with increasing ages for increasing grain sizes, including for K-feldspar, but with the exception of the smallest and the largest grains for biotite and amphibole. The calculated cooling rates are ca. 0.7 °C/Ma for K-feldspar, ca. 2.5 °C/Ma for biotite, and ca. 11 °C/Ma for amphibole, corresponding very well to a monotonic cooling of the McLean pluton. A quick initial thermal re-equilibration with the cooler host-rocks is followed by a much slower cooling on a thermal path parallel to that of the Frontenac Terrain situated immediately to the southeast. The validity of the single mineral grain size thermochronology is demonstrated by comparison with the thermal evolution of the adjacent units and with the cooling history derived from a multi-mineral thermochronology, suggesting that it can be routinely used. The application of this method can be hampered by insufficiently low analytical uncertainties. 相似文献
6.
激光显微探针40Ar/39Ar 定年方法研究 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
实验结果表明,在激光探针40Ar/36Ar年龄和常规40Ar/39Ar年龄之间有较好的吻合性,多次测定BSP-1角闪石国际标样年龄值大部分在2020-20900Ma之间,多次测定周口店花岗岩中ZBH-25国内标样年龄值大部分在130-135.9Ma。分析区域可小到30μm以下(激光束本身可被聚集到10μm以下)。研究表明,激光显微探针技术在下述工作中将是一个极有前途的工具①测定不易大量获取的样品年龄;②研究遭受多期地质历史事件作用因而有复杂Ar状态的岩石年代;③研究在岩石样品中填充在不同结构位置上的矿物年 相似文献
7.
The mineral separate GA1550 biotite has become an international standard for K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating studies, although it was prepared as an intralaboratory standard at ANU to monitor tracer depletion from a gas pipette. It is one of a small number of samples that has been calibrated against 38Ar tracers, some of which had been mixed with known amounts of atmospheric argon, so that a so-called primary calibration has been performed. By measuring GA1550 biotite against additional tracers from the same batch we have determined the radiogenic argon content of this sample as 1.342 (± 0.007) × 10? 9 mol/g, and together with the measured K content of 7.645 (± 0.050) weight percent, we derive a best estimate for the K/Ar age as 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma, where the error is derived from averaging the ages determined relative to the 38Ar tracer. 相似文献
8.
9.
The effects of deformation on radiogenic argon (40Ar∗) retentivity in mica are described from high pressure experiments performed on rock samples of peraluminous granite containing euhedral muscovite and biotite. Cylindrical cores, ∼15 mm in length and 6.25 mm in diameter, were drilled from granite collected from the South Armorican Massif in northwestern France, loaded into gold capsules, and weld-sealed in the presence of excess water. The samples were deformed at a pressure of 10 kb and a temperature of 600 °C over a period 29 of hours within a solid medium assembly in a Griggs-type triaxial hydraulic deformation apparatus. Overall shortening in the experiments was approximately 10%. Transmitted light and secondary and backscattered electron imaging of the deformed granite samples reveals evidence of induced defects and for significant physical grain size reduction by kinking, cracking, and grain segmentation of the micas.Infrared (IR) laser (CO2) heating of individual 1.5-2.5 mm diameter grains of muscovite and biotite separated from the undeformed granite yield well-defined 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of 311 ± 2 Ma (2σ). Identical experiments on single grains separated from the experimentally deformed granite yield results indicating 40Ar∗ loss of 0-35% in muscovite and 2-3% 40Ar∗ loss in biotite. Intragrain in situ ultraviolet (UV) laser ablation 40Ar/39Ar ages (±4-10%, 1σ) of deformed muscovites range from 309 ± 13 to 264 ± 7 Ma, consistent with 0-16% 40Ar∗ loss relative to the undeformed muscovite. The in situ UV laser ablation 40Ar/39Ar ages of deformed biotite vary from 301 to 217 Ma, consistent with up to 32% 40Ar∗ loss. No spatial correlation is observed between in situ40Ar/39Ar age and position within individual grains. Using available argon diffusion data for muscovite the observed 40Ar∗ loss in the experimentally treated muscovite can be utilized to predict average 40Ar∗ diffusion dimensions. Maximum 40Ar/39Ar ages obtained by UV laser ablation overlap those of the undeformed muscovite, indicating argon loss of <1% and an average effective grain radius for 40Ar∗ diffusion ?700 μm. The UV laser ablation and IR laser incremental 40Ar/39Ar ages indicating 40Ar∗ loss of 16% and 35%, respectively, are consistent with an average diffusion radius ?100 μm. These results support a hypothesis of grain-scale 40Ar∗ diffusion distances in undeformed mica and a heterogeneous mechanical reduction in the intragrain effective diffusion length scale for 40Ar∗ in deformed mica. Reduction in the effective diffusion length scale in naturally deformed samples occurs most probably through production of mesoscopic and submicroscopic defects such as, e.g., stacking faults. A network of interconnected defects, continuously forming and annealing during dynamic deformation likely plays an important role in controlling both 40Ar∗ retention and intragrain distribution in deformed mica. Intragrain 40Ar/39Ar ages, when combined with estimates of diffusion kinetics and distances, may provide a means of establishing thermochronological histories from individual micas. 相似文献
10.
The 40Ar/39Ar dating technique is based on the knowledge of the age of neutron fluence monitors (standards). Recent investigations have improved the accuracy and precision of the ages of most of the Phanerozoic-aged standards (e.g. Fish Canyon Tuff sanidine (FCs), Alder Creek sanidine, GA1550 biotite and LP-6 biotite); however, no specific study has been undertaken on the older standards (i.e. Hb3gr hornblende and NL-25 hornblende) generally used to date Precambrian, high Ca/K, and/or meteoritic rocks.In this study, we show that Hb3gr hornblende is relatively homogenous in age, composition (Ca/K) and atmospheric contamination at the single grain level. The mean standard deviation of the 40Ar?/39ArK (F-value) derived from this study is 0.49%, comparable to the most homogeneous standards. The intercalibration factor (which allows direct comparison between standards) between Hb3gr and FCs is RFCsHb3gr = 51.945 ± 0.167. Using an age of 28.02 Ma for FCs, the age of Hb3gr derived from the R-value is 1073.6 ± 5.3 Ma (1σ; internal error only) and ± 8.8 Ma (including all sources of error). This age is indistinguishable within uncertainty from the K/Ar age previously reported at 1072 ± 11 Ma [Turner G., Huneke, J.C., Podosek, F.A., Wasserburg, G.J., 1971. 40Ar-39Ar ages and cosmic ray exposure ages of Apollo 14 samples. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 12, 19-35].The R-value determined in this study can also be used to intercalibrate FCs if we consider the K/Ar date of 1072 Ma as a reference age for Hb3gr. We derive an age of 27.95 ± 0.19 Ma (1σ; internal error only) for FCs which is in agreement with the previous determinations. Altogether, this shows that Hb3gr is a suitable standard for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. 相似文献
11.
^40Ar/^39Ar测年中的冷却年龄和变形年龄 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
^40Ar/^39Ar法年龄数据的解释与Ar同位素在矿物中的封闭温度有关。冷却年龄只能限制变质——变形事件发生的时间区间,不能真正代表地质事件的发生时间。因此,必须想办法得到变形年龄。本文从封闭温度概念出发,探讨了压力、冷却速率、有效扩散范围和几何形态、颗粒大小、动力学参数等对矿物封闭温度的影响,介绍了新近提出的“封闭窗”概念,并讨论了在什么情况下可以获得变形年龄。 相似文献
12.
Steven M. Reddy Graham J. Potts Simon P. Kelley 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2001,141(2):186-200
Detailed field and microstructural studies have been combined with high spatial resolution ultraviolet laser 40Ar/39Ar dating of naturally deformed K-feldspar to investigate the direct relationship between deformation-related microstructure and Ar isotope systematics. The sample studied is a ~1,000 Ma Torridonian arkose from Skye, Scotland, that contains detrital feldspars previously metamorphosed at amphibolite-facies conditions ~1,700 Ma. The sample was subsequently deformed ~430 Ma ago during Caledonian orogenesis. The form and distribution of deformation-induced microstructures within three different feldspar clasts has been mapped using atomic number contrast and orientation contrast imaging, at a range of scales, to identify intragrain variations in composition and lattice orientation. These variations have been related to thin section and regional structural data to provide a well-constrained deformation history for the feldspar clasts. One hundred and forty-three in-situ 40Ar/39Ar analyses measured using ultraviolet laser ablation record a range of apparent ages (317-1030 Ma). The K-feldspar showing the least strain records the greatest range of apparent ages from 420-1,030 Ma, with the oldest apparent ages being found close to the centre of the feldspar away from fractures and the detrital grain boundary. The most deformed K-feldspar yields the youngest apparent ages (317-453 Ma) but there is no spatial relationship between apparent age and the detrital grain boundary. Within this feldspar, the oldest apparent ages are recorded from orientation domain boundaries and fracture surfaces where an excess or trapped 40Ar component resides. Orientation contrast images at a similar scale to the Ar analyses illustrate a significant deformation-related microstructural difference between the feldspars and we conclude that deformation plays a significant role in controlling Ar systematics of feldspars at both the inter- and intragrain scales even at relatively low 'bulk' strains. The data show that Ar loss and trapping within the deformed K-feldspars reflects the presence of a deformation-induced population of small diffusion domains in combination with 'short-circuit' diffusion along deformation-induced defects. The complex history of microstructures induced in the K-feldspars during their cooling, alteration, erosion and sedimentation do not appear to be as significant as deformation-induced microstructures in controlling the distribution of apparent ages at the grain scale. 相似文献
13.
Leah E. Morgan Madicken Munk Brett Davidheiser‐Kroll Nicholas H. Warner Sanjeev Gupta Rachel Slaybaugh Patrick Harkness Darren F. Mark 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2017,41(3):381-396
The chronology of the Solar System, particularly the timing of formation of extra‐terrestrial bodies and their features, is an outstanding problem in planetary science. Although various chronological methods for in situ geochronology have been proposed (e.g., Rb‐Sr, K‐Ar), and even applied (K‐Ar), the reliability, accuracy, and applicability of the 40Ar/39Ar method makes it by far the most desirable chronometer for dating extra‐terrestrial bodies. The method however relies on the neutron irradiation of samples, and thus a neutron source. Herein, we discuss the challenges and feasibility of deploying a passive neutron source to planetary surfaces for the in situ application of the 40Ar/39Ar chronometer. Requirements in generating and shielding neutrons, as well as analysing samples are described, along with an exploration of limitations such as mass, power and cost. Two potential solutions for the in situ extra‐terrestrial deployment of the 40Ar/39Ar method are presented. Although this represents a challenging task, developing the technology to apply the 40Ar/39Ar method on planetary surfaces would represent a major advance towards constraining the timescale of solar system formation and evolution. 相似文献
14.
Gao Honglin 《第四纪研究》2012,32(3)
除了样品因素外,第四纪地质样品40Ar/39Ar测年的关键在于测试和年龄计算中的误差控制.信号强度(随测量时刻)的拟合值可以采用最小二乘法进行直线或二次多项式拟合计算,但拟合值的误差不能通过拟合方程系数的误差进行计算,而应选择合适的计算方法以便获得与实测值误差相协调的拟合值误差.减小质量歧视系数D的相对误差并控制36Ar的原始误差,才能有效的降低质量歧视校正带给36Ar的相对误差.40Arrad的相对误差来源于40Ar测量值的相对误差、36Ar测量值的相对误差、36ArCa的相对误差、吸附大气氩36Arair的相对误差以及样品经反应堆辐照后产生的39Arx的相对误差等.当样品极年轻且含有较多吸附大气氩时,40Arrad的相对误差就会变大;当样品极年轻且受到过度辐照时,39Ark的相对误差对40Arrad相对误差的贡献也会增大;当反应堆中热中子比例较高且样品辐照过程中没有Cd屏蔽时,校正系数α的相对误差对其贡献也不可忽略.当标样年龄小于100Ma时,J值相对误差等于标样测量值Rs的相对误差平方、衰变常数相对误差平方及标样年龄相对误差平方加和的平方根.当标样年龄大于100Ma对,衰变常数相对误差平方及标样年龄相对误差平方将被不同程度的放大(1倍多到几倍)后传递到J值相对误差中,从而增大了这两个来源的误差对J值相对误差的影响. 相似文献
15.
新疆北部基性岩脉40Ar/39Ar年代学研究 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4
晚古生代以来,新疆北部地区侵入了一系列的基性岩脉,成为了解该地区地壳生长过程的重要窗口.本文采用激光40Ar/39Ar年代学方法,对整个北疆地区出露的基性岩脉进行了精细年代学研究.从数据特征上分析.低本底激光加40Ar/39Ar方法能对低钾含量、极少量样品(0.1mg~5mg)进行精细定年,所以非常适合进行基性岩脉的精细定年.本文展示的基性岩脉激光40Ar/39Ar方法的高质量数据显示新疆北部基性岩脉群的活动时限跨越332~174Ma,为石炭纪-侏罗纪.由数据分析可以看出,新疆北部基性岩脉群在时间上,呈现脉动式侵位特征,在332~174Ma之间,有多达6~7次脉动式活动,时间间隔大致为20~30Ma.从基性岩脉所揭示的大地构造含义来分析,新疆北部地区从石炭纪到侏罗纪处在一个相似的地壳演化阶段.为一个陆壳垂向生长、区域构造应力场显示拉张的构造环境,并在时间、空间上具有相对统一的特征. 相似文献
16.
K. A. Foland J. -F. Chen J. S. Linder C. M. B. Henderson I. M. Whillans 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1989,102(2):127-137
The Mount Brome complex of the Monteregian province of southern Quebec, Canada, consits of several major intrusions ranging compositionally from gabbro to syenite. The relative ages of these intrusives have been investigated with high-resolution 40Ar/39Ar analyses, including a specially designed irradiation configuration to cancel the effects of fluence gradients. Small yet distinct apparent age differences are observed. While a number of analytical and geological factors could be proposed to explain the small variations, evaluation of these suggests the age differences reflect those in emplacement times. The gabbro and nepheline diorite were emplaced within a short span 123.1 Ma ago. Generally more evolved lithologies (biotite monzodiorite, pulaskite, nordmarkite) appear to have been emplaced within a restricted interval 1.4±0.3 Ma later. Whole-rock Rb-Sr systematics do not give acceptable isochrons because of significant scatter interpreted to reflect initial 87Sr/86Sr heterogeneities resulting from crustal contamination. Considering the variations in initial ratio, the Rb-Sr data are consistent with the 40Ar/39Ar age. 相似文献
17.
18.
于地质记录中,并能独特地成为高质量的地层标记,故近250 Ma以来地质年表中的绝对年龄数据中40%是由海绿石提供的.然而大计量的海绿石样品提供的K-Ar年龄数据,趋于年轻,一般认为没有实际价值.但是对沉积物来说,它是唯一能够提供K-Ar年龄和Rb-Sr年龄数据的矿物相,对于缺乏具有可靠的高温矿物定年计的地层,海绿石能够给出其寄主沉积物的年龄(即年表界限),对于校正地质年表又十分重要.如何解决这一难题,1998年3月,加拿大多伦多大学P.E.Smith等[1]在Science上发表了一篇最新报导,利用单颗粒海绿石激光440Ar-39Ar定年技术,成功地解决了上述难题,并通过详细的年龄分布图,得出了短时期内,全球海平面变迁的情况,具有重大的突破性意义. 相似文献
19.
40Ar/39Ar age spectra and 40Ar/36Ar vs 39Ar/36Ar isochrons were determined by incremental heating for 11 terrestrial rocks and minerals whose geology indicates that they represent essentially undisturbed systems. The samples include muscovite, biotite, hornblende, sanidine, plagioclase, dacite, diabase and basalt and range in age from 40 to 1700 m.y. For each sample, the 40Ar/39Ar ratios, corrected for atmospheric and neutron-generated argon isotopes, are the same for most of the gas fractions released and the age spectra, which show pronounced plateaus, thus are consistent with models previously proposed for undisturbed samples. Plateau ages and isochron ages calculated using plateau age fractions are concordant and appear to be meaningful estimates of the crystallization and cooling ages of these samples. Seemingly anomalous age spectrum points can be attributed entirely to small amounts of previously unrecognized argon loss and to gas fractions that contain too small (less than 2 per cent) a proportion of the 39Ar released to be geologically significant. The use of a quantitative abscissa for age spectrum diagrams is recommended so that the size of each gas fraction is readily apparent. Increments containing less than about 4–5 per cent of the total 39Ar released should be interpreted cautiously. Both the age spectrum and isochron methods of data reduction for incremental heating experiments are worthwhile, as each gives slightly different but complementary information about the sample from the same basic data. Use of a least-squares fit that allows for correlated errors is recommended for 40Ar/36Ar vs 39Ar/36Ar isochrons. The results indicate that the 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating technique can be used to distinguish disturbed from undisturbed rock and mineral systems and will be a valuable geochronological tool in geologically complex terranes. 相似文献
20.
除了样品因素外,第四纪地质样品 40Ar/39Ar测年的关键在于测试和年龄计算中的误差控制。信号强度(随测量时刻)的拟合值可以采用最小二乘法进行直线或二次多项式拟合计算,但拟合值的误差不能通过拟合方程系数的误差进行计算,而应选择合适的计算方法以便获得与实测值误差相协调的拟合值误差。减小质量歧视系数D的相对误差并控制36Ar的原始误差,才能有效的降低质量歧视校正带给36Ar的相对误差。40Arrad的相对误差来源于40Ar测量值的相对误差、36Ar测量值的相对误差、36ArCa的相对误差、吸附大气氩36Arair的相对误差以及样品经反应堆辐照后产生的39ArK的相对误差等。当样品极年轻且含有较多吸附大气氩时,40Arrad的相对误差就会变大; 当样品极年轻且受到过度辐照时,39ArK的相对误差对40Arrad相对误差的贡献也会增大; 当反应堆中热中子比例较高且样品辐照过程中没有Cd屏蔽时,校正系数α的相对误差对其贡献也不可忽略。当标样年龄小于100Ma时,J值相对误差等于标样测量值RS的相对误差平方、衰变常数相对误差平方及标样年龄相对误差平方加和的平方根。当标样年龄大于100Ma时,衰变常数相对误差平方及标样年龄相对误差平方将被不同程度的放大(1倍多到几倍)后传递到J值相对误差中,从而增大了这两个来源的误差对J值相对误差的影响。 相似文献