南海赤潮有毒甲藻链状-塔马亚历山大藻的分子鉴定

以核糖体rDNAITS为分子指标,采用RFLP及序列分析方法对南海海域Alexandrium catenella和Alexandrium tamarense进行分析和鉴定,并通过与日本海域不同海区A.tenella和A.tamarense的比较,得出A.catenella或A.tamarense的不同地理株的种内个体间ITS区序列非常相似,而种间序列则有显着差异,表明了ITS区用于不同海区A.catenella和A.tamarense种间鉴定是一个较稳定的指标.可看出,ITS区的研究从一个新的角度为海洋微藻种的界定提供了很好的依据.     

Dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediment from Guangxi, China

Total of 33 species of dinoflagellate cysts were discovered from surface sediment in the searegion of Guangxi, among them 12 cyst types (Diplopsalopsis sp.1, D. sp. 2, D. sp. 3, Cochlodinium sp., Protoperidinium sp. 1, P. sp. 2, P. compressum , Scrippsiella sp. 1, S. sp. 2, Alexandrium sp. 1, A. sp. 2, A. sp. 3) were first reported from the South China Sea. And one cyst type (Cochlodinium sp.) was first reported in the world. Scrippsiella trochoidea is the dominant species in this area, accounting for 45% of all the cysts. There are 2 cysts of toxic dinoflagellate (Alexandrium tamarensis and Gymnodinium catenatum). But there is no relationship between cyst number and grain size distribution.     

缘管浒苔5.8SrDNA及其转录间隔区的序列测定及分析

利用PCR扩增、克隆和测序的方法对青岛市红岛虾池生长的缘管浒苔(Enteromorpha linza)的5.8S rD-NA及其转录间隔区ITS序列进行了分析,并依据ITS序列构建了浒苔属不同种之间的进化树。结果表明,获得了核糖体DNA完整的ITS和5.8S rDNA序列,ITS1为195 bp,5.8S rDNA为155 bp,ITS2为184 bp,总长度GC含量为63%。缘管浒苔与浒苔和曲浒苔的序列差异百分率较小,分别为2.4%和4.6%,与(U.olivascens)的序列差异百分率最大,为16.7%。Kimura-2参数遗传距离结果表明缘管浒苔和浒苔的遗传进化关系较近。     

中国沿海亚历山大藻(Alexandrium)核糖体rDNA部分序列分析及该藻属分子系统进化研究

分析了几株自南海及东海分离的亚历山大藻的rDNA部分序列信息,其中包括核糖体大亚基(LSU)rDNA的5′端D1-D2区序列,以及5.8SrDNA和ITS区序列;同时也对实验室保种的部分来自其它国家和地区的亚历山大藻相关序列进行了测序和分析,并以此作为序列分析中的参考。采用ClustalX及MEGA2软件对所得到的序列信息进行了综合分析与对比。结果表明,分离自南海的塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandriumtamarense)和分离自东海的链状亚历山大藻(A.catenella),即便是在ITS区和LSUrDNA等高变区,其序列信息也完全一致。与基因库中搜索到的其它亚历山大藻rDNA序列信息相比较,中国沿海的塔玛/链状亚历山大藻序列更接近于塔玛复合种的“亚洲温带”基因型。对于分离自南海的另外两株未定种的亚历山大藻,通过对比序列信息,发现它们与相关亚历山大藻(A.affine)非常接近。分离于我国台湾地区的微小亚历山大藻(A.minutum)在序列上与分离自新西兰的藻株相似,而与分离自欧洲的微小亚历山大藻藻株相差较大。中国沿海亚历山大藻rDNA序列信息的获得为针对有毒藻种设计特异性核酸探针,发展灵敏快速的生物检测技术奠定了基础。     

一株溶藻细菌（Pseudoalteromonas sp．）的分离鉴定及溶藻活性初探

从海南洋浦港沉积物中分离到一株具有较强溶藻活性的细菌(编号Z3).通过对该菌株进行形态和生理测试以及16SrDNA序列分析,初步鉴定此菌为交替假单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.).该菌对链状亚历山大藻(Alexan-drium catenella)和塔马亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)有溶藻活性,对锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)的生长无影响,表明菌株Z3溶藻活性具有种属特异性.通过该菌的菌体悬浮液和除去菌体滤液对链状亚历山大藻实验表明,此菌株具既有直接溶藻作用又有间接溶藻活性.     

裂殖壶菌OUC88 及10 个派生菌株18S rDNA 基因克隆和分析

用PCR方法从裂殖壶菌Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88及以其为出发菌株经紫外诱变筛选的10个菌株中扩增出18S rDNA基因序列(1751bp到1758bp)进行序列测定,以上序列已登录GenBank(HM042904-HM042914)并与已登录的裂殖壶菌属5条18S rDNA序列比对分析。结果表明,S.limacinum OUC88以及10个派生菌株间18S rDNA的遗传距离是0.000~0.013,与Schizochytrium sp.FJU-512 18S rDNA(GenBank No.AY758384)的同源性最高,为98%~99%;与S.limacinum(GenBank No.AB022107)的同源性为96%;与同属异种S.mangrovei(GenBank No.DQ100293)只有93%的同源性。并运用序列比对分析和MEGA4.0系统进化树,结果显示种内诱变产生的细微变异小于同属内不同物种之间的变异。本研究除了为裂殖壶菌这种重要的经济海洋真菌提供分子生物学资料以外,同时表明18S rDNA序列不仅在分子分类上是一个重要的标志,也可分析由突变引起的物种内细微的遗传变异。     

一株异养鞭毛藻的分离与鉴定

从塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)藻际中分离出一株微型鞭毛藻MMDL4071,经光学显微镜形态学观察发现,该鞭毛藻体长约为3μm,椭球型,头部端具不等长的两条鞭毛;扫描电镜观察揭示了该鞭毛藻的细胞核、色素体、色素体-内质网膜、高尔基体、线粒体以及"9+2"微管结构的鞭毛等亚显微结构.对照培养实验表明该鞭毛藻属于依赖摄食细菌的异养型藻类,并观察到了该藻二分裂的增殖过程.通过对18S rDNA及ITS序列扩增、比对,构建了系统发育树.综合形态学、生态学特征以及系统发育树分析的结果,该藻被确定为棕鞭藻属的一个未定种(Ochromonas sp.).     

Toxic effect of dinoflagellate Alexandrium species on Cladocera Moina mongolica Daday

The main objective of this study was to investigate toxic effects of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium species,on cladocera Moina mongolica in the laboratory.Ten strains of Alexandrium species,including Alexandrium tamarense(AT-6,ATHK,ATCI02,ATCI03 and AT5-1),A.catenella(ACDH),A.affine(AC-1 and AS-1),A.lusitanicum and A.minutum were tested.The results showed that A.tamarense(ATHK,ATCI02 and AT5-1) and A.affine(AC-1 and AS-1),but not A.tamarense(AT-6 and ATCI02),A.catenella(ACDH),A.lusitanicum and A.minutum had significantly negative effects on the survival of M.mongolica;when exposed to these ten strains of Alexandrium species in densities of 3 000 cells/cm 3 for 7 d,respecyively.M.mongolica could feed on A.tamarense(AT-6,ATHK,ATCI02,ATCI03 and AT5-1),A.catenella,A.lusitanicum and A.minutum,but exhibited little or no grazing on A.affine(AC-1 and AS-1),based on the changes in gut pigment after exposure to alga for 1 and 12 h.A.affine AC-1,which had the strongest toxicity on the survival of M.mongolica,was chosen to further study the negative effects on M.mongolica.The results showed that the effect of A.affine AC-1 on the survival of M.mongolica was density-dependent,and its lethal effects on one-day,two-day and three-day old M.mongolica were exacerbated with increasing age;The whole algal culture,re-suspended algal cells,cell fragments and cell contents all had adverse impacts on the survival of M.mongolica.Moreover,both juvenile numbers and life-span time of M.mongolica were decreased significantly when they were cultured in A.affine AC-1 of 10 and 50 cells/cm 3 ,combined with 3 × 10 6 cells/cm 3 of Chlorella spp.,respectively.As a non-PSP producer,A.affine may produce other toxins,responsible for the strong negative effects on M.mongolica.     

浒苔(Ulva prolifera)核糖体基因簇单元全长序列的克隆与分析

核糖体基因簇单元全长序列对于藻类分子鉴定与分类具有重要意义,而浒苔(Ulva prolifera)作为形成我国黄海绿潮的主要物种,其核糖体基因簇单元全长序列的克隆还未见研究报道。本研究通过分子克隆技术成功扩增了浒苔的核糖体基因簇单元全长序列。浒苔核糖体基因簇单元全长序列为8 948 bp,其中18S rDNA 1 760 bp,28S rDNA 3 259 bp,ITS1 205 bp,5.8S rDNA 160 bp,ITS2 176 bp和IGS 3 388 bp。对各部分序列的碱基组成进行分析后,我们发现ITS1,ITS2和IGS序列对胞嘧啶具有明显的偏好性,而18S rDNA和28S rDNA序列对鸟嘌呤具有明显的偏好性。浒苔核糖体基因簇单元全长序列的GC含量为54.12%,其中ITS1、ITS2和IGS序列的GC含量比保守序列的GC含量高,这表明内转录单元间隔区序列和基因间间隔区序列比保守序列变异率更高,进化速率更快。另外,IGS序列中发现大量简单的直接重复序列、串联重复序列、短对称序列和回文序列。浒苔核糖体基因簇单元全长序列可为其分类及分子鉴定提供有效的工具。     

Preliminary study on taxonomy of dinoflagellate cysts from major estuary and bays of Fujian Province, China

According to the morphology, wall structure, color, ornamentation, etc. , 25 speciesbelonging to 9 genera are identified and described from 144 sediment samples of the Xiamen Harbor, the mouth of the Minjiang River and the Sansha Bay. Among them there are 2 toxic species: Alexandrium minutun, A. tamarenes, 4 harmful species: Alexandrium affine, Lingulodinium polyedrum , Scrippsiella trochoide, Gonyaulax spinifera. It shows that 11 species of dinoflagellate cysts (Alexandrium affine, A. minutum , Diplopelta cf. parva , Polykrikos cf. schwartzii, protoceratium reticulatum ,Protoperidinium minutum ,P. cf. minutum,P. cf americanum and Alexandrium sp. , Protoperidinium sp. 1, P . sp. 2) are first recorded along the coast of Fujian Province, China. These newly discovered species might be transported to the coastal sea of Fujian Province by ballast water of international trade vessels.     

营口市海水浴场资源环境容量分析

营口市位于辽宁省的中南部,面对渤海的辽东湾,背依鞍山市平原丘陵,东邻辽东崇山峻岭,西接盘锦市沿海平原,有辽河蜿蜒人海,海岸线绵延曲折。由于受海洋、河流的影响．营口市四季分明,气候宜人,蕴藏着丰富的滨海旅游资源,海蚀景观、地质珍迹、人文景观等资源各显异彩;尤其是海水浴场,条件极为优越,与国际上一流的海水浴场相比．毫不逊色,在某些特征上还稍胜一筹。     

A method of estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys

A method for the estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys is proposed. It is based on the comparison of the estimates of power spectral densities for the components of current velocity computed according to three data sets: the data set of the coordinates of a drifting buoy with a built-in GPS receiver, the data set of coordinates formed on the basis of the first set but with data missing and observational errors corresponding to the actual trajectory measurements by the Argos satellite location and data collection system by the Doppler method, and the data set of coordinates obtained as a result of interpolation of the second set. As an example, we consider the procedure of realization of the proposed method and demonstrate the efficiency of its application for the improvement of the reliability of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

海鸟系列CTD数据预处理分析

介绍了海鸟系列温盐深测量仪(CTD)原始数据预处理的方法和步骤,解释各个过程中的原理,根据规范和工作实际对处理过程中存在的问题进行分析,提出解决方案,针对资料的标准化提出建议和意见。     

Estimates of fishery potentials of the EEZ of India

An attempt has been made to estimate the fishery potentials of the EEZ of India on the basis of data on primary and secondary production. The total column primary production and zooplankton production have been calculated to be 265·9 and 9 million tonnes of carbon per year, respectively. From these values the fishery potential has been estimated as 2·5 million tonnes per year. To this, if we add the estimated demersal fish catch, being 1·2 million tonnes per year, the total potential yield comes to 3·7 million tonnes per year. Since the present average total catch is about 1·6 million tonnes in a year, the fish catch could be doubled.     

韩国的海岸带综合管理

1992年，联合国21世纪议程提出了综合管理的概念，并认为它是海岸管理的最重要目标，而海岸管理的目的就是改进业已存在的管理实践的效率和效果。在21世纪议程的实施过程中，沿海国家面临着巨大的困难，即：为了使综合管理在实践中具有可操作性而建立适合的政府机构。韩国正是在国家范围和次一级区域进行这项工作的实验场所。这项工作的最重要成就是在1996年成立了具有综合协调各涉海部门职能的韩国海洋事务与渔业部（MOMAF）。这篇文章的内容主要来自于这些观察，即韩国政府为建立海岸带综合机制而进行了各种努力，特别是1992年联合国环发大会召开后到1997年初海洋事务与渔业部成立了海岸带管理处这段时间里开展的各种工作，文章重点在于评价在建立海岸带综合机制的过程中综合的概念是如何被应用并被挑战的。文章提出了在东亚地区沿海国家开展合作的可能区域的建议。     

天然气水合物地球化学特征

天然气水合物是在低温、高压以及有足够气体供应条件下形成的一种天然气(主要为甲烷)与水组成的似冰状固态化合物。天然气水合物中包含的甲烷碳是全球甲烷资源的重要组成部分,是一种数量巨大的潜在能源[1]。而且由于甲烷的温室效应,天然气水合物分解释放的甲烷进入大气中会严重     

Generation of long waves in a basin of variable depth in the process of formation of a region of perturbations of atmospheric pressure

We perform the numerical analysis of the long-wave response of the free surface of a fluid in a basin of variable depth to the formation of an anomaly of the baric field for a finite period of time. In numerical experiments, we use the distribution of depths typical of the south coast of the Crimea. We also study the dependence of the dynamics of the sea level in the zone of the baric anomaly and in the shelf zone on the space and time scales of local changes in the field of atmospheric pressure in the open part of the basin. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Analysis of photographic images of the structure of the surface of the sea near a speck of light

Values of root mean square slope ₀ and its variations -₀ are estimated using the brightness field of an image of the surface of the sea near a speck of light. When ₀ and -₀ are defined it is highly important to take into account direct as well as dissipated solar radiation.The space-time analysis of the structure of the image brightness field is performed. This gives an opportunity to estimate dispersion relationship and the running effect of a brightness contrast packet. Comparison of the parameters obtained with the theoretical dispersion ratio of internal waves (IW) allows one to make a conclusion that IW surface manifestations are recorded in a frame.UDK 551.463.5     

测量不确定度在计量器具示值误差符合性评定中的应用

测量不确定度在法制计量工作中得到广泛的应用,就如何在计量器具示值误差的符合性评定工作中的具体实施进行了阐述.