考虑波浪影响的警戒潮位核定规范在深圳沿海的应用

以深圳沿海为例,对考虑波浪影响的《警戒潮位核定规范》在沿海警戒潮位核定工作中的应用进行了研究。为核定深圳市警戒潮位值,对深圳市沿海防潮能力、防潮重点区域及历史潮灾情况进行了调查梳理,建立了堤防能力和潮灾情况资料库。将深圳市沿海划分为4个核定岸段,确定了岸段等级,结合岸段保护目标的社会经济情况、水文气象要素特征等的统计分析结果,计算各岸段重现期潮位和波浪爬高等要素,确定警戒潮位核定修正值,最终得到深圳沿海4个核定岸段的四色警戒潮位值,为深圳市风暴潮灾害预警和防灾减灾提供支持。重点介绍了对波浪重现期要素和波浪爬高的计算,以供参考。     

唐山市风暴潮警戒潮位标志物设置研究

警戒潮位是指沿海地带防护区沿岸可能出现险情或潮灾,需进入戒备或救灾状态的潮位既定值,是海岸防汛工作的一个重要技术指标,是海洋预报部门发布风暴潮预报、警报的重要参考,是各级政府防潮减灾指挥决策的重要依据。依据河北省已核定出沿海警戒潮位值,将警戒潮位定为4个数值,按蓝色警戒潮位、黄色警戒潮位、橙色警戒潮位和红色警戒潮位进行分级核定,分别以蓝、黄、橙、红4色予以标志,通过将警戒潮位值实体直观化,更便于沿海地区直接了解风暴潮警戒潮位情况,为唐山市沿海的风暴潮防灾减灾工作提供更好的技术支持,警戒潮位的细化也有利于沿海部门单位更加有针对性地制订预案、采取防风暴潮措施,这对海洋灾害带来的损失具有防范作用。     

沿海警戒潮位核定技术问题探讨

在沿海警戒潮位核定工作中,为了提高技术人员对新颁布实施的《警戒潮位核定规范》(GB/T 17839-2011)的理解和把握,文章针对核定岸段选取、设计高潮位推算、设计波浪及波浪爬高计算、警戒潮位修正值计算、警戒潮位颁布等技术问题进行探讨,给出了规范使用的建议。     

国内首家确定的“浙江省防潮警戒水位核定”项目通过验收

以国家海洋局第二海洋研究所李金洪教授为组长的项目“浙江省防潮警戒水位核定”日前在杭州通过专家评审和验收。这是贯标 (国标《警戒潮位核定方法》)后 ,国内首次较系统全面地确定全省沿海主要岸段防潮警戒水位核定值。专家认为其成果达到了国内领先水平。防潮警戒水位不仅是海洋预报部门发布风暴潮预报、预警的指标和海洋防灾减灾的基础资料和重要依据。同时也是城建、港口、水利、旅游等部门规划设计和国土整治开发的基础性资料 ,是各级政府防潮减灾的重要依据 ,对发展海洋经济、保持社会持续稳定繁荣具有重要作用。浙江省是海洋灾害最…     

重现期高潮位在广西全日潮岸段警戒潮位核定等应用中的局限性分析

对广西沿海各验潮站重现期高潮位进行了计算,通过分析传统重现期高潮位计算方法发现该局限性主要为广西全日潮潮汐性质下天文潮与风暴增水叠加概率过低和广西沿海堤防标准普遍偏低所致。根据不同岸线类型,结合海堤实际防御能力、海洋灾害承灾体和风险区划,提出适用于广西的红色警戒潮位核定新方法,对其它全日潮岸段警戒潮位核定和防潮应急管理等提供新的思路。     

新核定风暴潮警戒潮位的筛选及适用性研究

提出了一套风暴潮新核定警戒潮位值的预警报应用方法,并以浙江省为例,从国家中心的角度分析选取了预警报发布站及其发报警戒值,为沿海新警戒潮位值的预警报应用提供借鉴。     

警戒潮位核定规范的几个问题探讨

从江苏省沿海警戒潮位核定工作出发,对《警戒潮位核定规范》中核定岸段等级划分、波浪爬高复合坡度计算、数值模拟选取年极值高潮位过程三方面内容进行了探讨。指出各自存在的问题,分别为岸段划分等级结果偏高、复合坡度计算公式不满足适用条件、年极值高潮位选取有偏差。文章同时给出相应的解决方案或思路,供规范修订或警戒潮位核定时参考使用。     

风暴潮警戒潮位标志物设计研究

风暴潮警戒潮位是有关海洋预报部门发布预警信息及指导政府部门进行防灾减灾决策的重要参考,通过设置风暴潮警戒潮位标志物是进行预警的有效途径。风暴潮警戒潮位标志物是将沿海警戒潮位值按蓝色、黄色、橙色和红色警戒潮位进行直观化,更便于沿海地区直接了解风暴潮警戒潮位情况。通过对风暴潮警戒潮位标志物进行科学合理的设计,可以节省建设成本,提高警戒潮位的辨识度,为沿海的风暴潮防灾减灾工作提供了更好的技术支持,减少海洋灾害对沿海地区带来的损失。     

海南省沿岸警戒潮位标志物建设探究

海南是中国受台风影响最多的省份,素有"台风走廊"之名,同时也是遭受各种海洋灾害影响最严重的省份。为提升全社会海洋灾害防御意识,做好风暴潮的防灾减灾工作,本文依据海南省核定公布的风暴潮4色警戒潮位值,在海南岛北部到东北部一带沿海设计了一种利用K波段雷达进行潮位测量的警戒潮位标志物,集基础支撑结构、供电控制系统、数据采集及传输系统、终端报警和预警信息发布系统、视频监控系统、管理中心平台等功能于一体。通过警戒潮位标志物的设立,可有效提升海南省海洋观测能力建设水平,完善海南省海洋灾害预警体系和治理能力建设,亦可为海南省海洋环境预报、海洋防灾减灾等提供重要数据支撑和决策依据。     

地形高程数据在警戒潮位核定合理性分析及应急决策中的应用

通过实地地形高程测量,利用核定岸段地形高程数据与核定值进行对比分析,能较客观解决核定值的合理性分析问题。海南省2014年核定的岸段中,通过对比分析结果表明:乐东岸段原核定值偏高,其余岸段原核定值偏低,但新核定的警戒潮位值合理。     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.