变质流体作用的元素地球化学研究

变质流体作用是变质岩－流体体系的重要地质作用过程，可以通过有效的地质地球化学方法揭示，综述了变质流体作用的地球化学研究进展，主要包括：流体包裹体，同位素和元素地球化学等方面，强调了元素地球化学研究对于示踪变质流体作用过程的重要性。     

西藏撞多勒地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及其地质填图应用

西藏撞多勒地区位于班公湖—怒江缝合带西段南侧燕山晚期火山—岩浆弧带,经历了多阶段复合造山作用,各类地质体和构造形迹复杂多样。本文在总结1:5万水系沉积物地球化学特征及分布规律基础上,分析不同地质体中元素的背景值、标准离差、富集系数、变异系数。依据地球化学示踪作用原理,运用多元素背景值推断主要地质体的空间展布和构造形迹,制作As、Sb、Hg元素组合及Cr、Ni、Zn元素组合的衬值累加图分别解译构造和岩浆岩,厘清宏观地质体与微观元素之间的关系,进行地层划分、地质体圈定和断裂追踪,对区域地质填图起到了较好的辅助作用。     

区域化探中利用三元图进行地质体划分及异常评价

利用摩洛哥苏斯—马萨—德拉地区内的地球化学信息,采用绘制三元图的方法推测地质体覆盖情况、元素组合异常强弱、预测矿产类型。该方法是在筛选相关性强的造岩(成矿)元素基础之上,利用三个单元的元素含量数据成图,依据三元图色标推断地质体和对成矿元素组合异常作出评价。结果显示三元图方法划分的地质体,圈定成矿元素组合异常、预测多金属矿产分布效果较好,证明该方法能反映地球化学分区特征。     

辽西—冀东金矿地球化学特征及找矿方向

通过对金赋矿地层中金的元素分布研究及金矿源层（岩）成矿作用的分析和总结不同类型金矿地质地球化学特征，进行了地球化学找矿分类，建立了金矿体地球化学找矿模型，提出了今后金矿找矿方向。     

模式识别在地球化学中的应用

地球化学数据模式识别技术，是通过模式识别数学处理方法，对地球化学异常进行多元素信息提取，确定不同地质体及不同类型成矿作用的元素异常特征和异常分带。提取各种不同类型及不同元素组合的成矿异常。     

红透山式块状硫化物铜锌矿床地球化学特征及找矿意义

产于辽宁省清原地区太古宙花岗-绿岩地体中的红透山式块状硫化物铜锌矿床，具有独特的地球化学特征。以往应用微量元素、稀土元素、同位素、岩石化学等地球化学特征，在原岩恢复、时空演化、矿床成因等基础地质研究中发挥了重要作用。通过该类矿床地层(矿体)中微量元素、卤族元素、汞元素、硫同位素及容矿岩石的岩石化学等地球化学特征的研究，提出了其对清原地区寻找红透山式块状硫化物铜锌矿床的地质找矿意义。     

内蒙古敖兰敖日格一带侵入岩地球化学数据的统计分析与地质解释

采用数理统计方法,研究了内蒙古科右中旗敖兰敖日格一带出露的侵入岩的岩石地球化学特征.选用地质因子分析等统计方法,分析了解体后的敖兰敖日格岩体、杜尔基岩体中各侵入岩填图单位的常量元素、区域主要成矿元素等地球化学数据,总结了侵入岩的岩石地球化学特征由老到新的演化趋势及变化规律,探讨了各主要岩体与区域成矿的相关性,为区域地质找矿提供依据.     

湘东北雁林寺金矿床成矿物质来源及成矿流体类型

雁林寺金矿位于雪峰弧形构造带(江南造山带湖南段)东段,是湘东北地区一个较为典型的金矿床。本文在前人研究的基础上,统计分析了矿区不同地质体Au元素含量、稀土元素地球化学、微量元素地球化学特征,对比研究了矿区含金石英的H-O同位素、Sr同位素地球化学特征及成矿流体组成特征。提出赋矿围岩冷家溪群浊积岩在沉积阶段就具有明显的金富集。矿区矿石、(矿化)蚀变围岩、未蚀变围岩稀土、微量元素地球化学特征呈现出高度相似性。含金石英的H-O同位素地球化学、Sr同位素地球化学及成矿流体成分特征表明成矿流体为变质流体。综合矿区地质特征、不同地质体金含量、稀土-微量元素地球化学特征、H-O同位素、Sr同位素及成矿流体成分特征,认为地层中的金元素为雁林寺金矿床提供了成矿物质。     

福建及邻区的区域地球化学异常成因分类与地球化学找矿问题

据1：20万区域水系沉积物地球化学成果资料，以地球化学元素与元素组合同具有一定规模地质体之间的空间与内在关系为准则，将30多种元素分为两个大类，继而对元素或元素组合的异常划分为不同成因类型，评定它们在研究区域地质与找矿中的实际意义。结合福建矿产勘查历史，探讨地球化学找矿中的几个问题及其经验。     

大比例尺地球化学方法在地质填图中的应用

利用大比例尺区域化探资料中成矿元素铜、砷地球化学场的变化规律所反映的信息,在大兴安岭查巴奇浅覆盖区推断19条断裂构造带.将推断出的断裂构造带结合地球物理、遥感信息、地质填图等得到的断裂构造对比研究,结果显示：推断的断裂构造带多数与地球物理、遥感信息、地质填图等得到的断裂构造一致,多数地球化学场的分界线准确地反映了地层与侵入体的接触带,明显的地球化学高、低背景场分别对应着地层与侵入体.说明应用成矿元素地球化学信息进行地质单元推测、断裂构造推断等是有效的,可在浅覆盖区推广应用.同时,成矿元素地球化学图也存在一定的局限性,从推断结果看地球化学方法只能概略地推断地质体,实际工作中应注意与地质、地球物理、遥感等方法紧密结合,对地质填图单元进一步区分,以使提取的信息可靠性更强.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.