浅谈RTK测量技术在线路测量中的应用

基于笔者多年从事工程测量的相关工作经验,以RTK测量技术在线路测量中的应用为研究对象,探讨了基于RTK测量技术的作业流程和在线路测量中的应用,全文来源于笔者长期的工作实践,相信对其他同行有所裨益。     

精密单点定位在海洋测量中的应用

阐述了精密单点定位技术原理,分析了国内外应用现状及其在海洋测量的应用,讨论了该技术在海洋控制测量、无验潮水深测量和海洋重力测量中应用的优势。     

GPS在地籍测量中的应用

现今,全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）的应用正广泛地被测量界所接受。最初,ＧＰＳ的应用只涉及到控制测量和高精度的大地测量,后来,它的应用遍及各种测量领域。本文讨论ＧＰＳ在地籍测量中的作用以及规范中存在的问题。     

用于精密工程测量中的三角高程测量

由于测量仪器、观测方法和分析程序的现代发展，目前，有可能在精密工程测量中，应用视线长度直至５００ｍ的三角高程测量来代替很费时间的几何水准测量。本文叙述了三个应用例子：卡乐加里大学的实验网（最大视线范围约７００ｍ）奥林匹克椭圆场网（最大视线范围约１０ｍ）。对于每一应用例子，均给出方差因子，点坐标的精度和观测值的冗余数。     

PC—E500在道路测量中的应用

ＰＣ－Ｅ５００是一种袖珍型计算机，它已在许多方面得到开发和应用。本文叙述了ＰＣ－Ｅ５００在道路测量中的应用，包括一些常用测量程序，主要讨论了ＰＣ－Ｅ５００在中否则设，横断面测量记录中的应用以及它与微机之间的数据通讯 。     

工程测量技术应用浅析

随着工程测量范围的不断扩大,工程测量技术也随之迈入了新的发展阶段.工程建设规模日益增大的同时,业界对于工程测量技术的要求变得越发的严苛,为了能够准确地把握好工程测量技术的发展趋势,从而应对工程测量在实际的应用过程中所面临的挑战,有必要对工程测量技术的应用做分析研究.本文从工程测量技术的应用特点以及发展现状出发,论述了当前我国工程测量技术具体的应用形式以及在工程建设项目中的应用,并在此基础上阐述了我国工程测量技术未来的发展趋势,希望能够在展望工程测量技术发展前景的同时,优化工程测量技术.     

GeoCOM接口技术及其在测量中的应用

介绍了瑞士徕卡公司对测量机器人即TPS1000或TPS1100系列全站仪的二次开发而提供的GeoCOM应用开发接口,及用其开发测量程序的基本步骤和在测量中的应用,在对控制网的观测中验证了该技术的实用性和精度水平.     

土地资源整治中GPS应用的关键技术

首先介绍了静态GPS地籍控制测量方法,然后介绍了GPS RTK技术在数据采集方面的应用,最后结合具体的地籍测量应用实例,应用GPS技术,实现全天候、无需通视、实时获取控制点和采集点的3维坐标,无需再使用受光学观测条件影响的全站仪,为内业成图和整个测量工程项目提供快速、高效、可靠的技术保障。     

正余弦法进行井下经纬仪导线非对中测量的探讨及其应用

将正余弦原理应用在井下经纬仪导线测量中 ,从而形成了井下经纬仪导线非对中测量的一种方法 ,并应用误差传播定律 ,对最佳图形及其该法所能达到的精度进行了探讨。     

简述GPS在地籍及房地产测量中的应用

介绍了GPS的组成部分、基本原理和方法,简述了GPS在地籍测量及房地产测量中的应用。     

试论地图的艺术性

主要研究地图的艺术性 ,为使广大读者对地图的艺术性有一个全面的了解和认识 ,主要从以下三方面进行论述 :①地图的艺术性在现代地图发展中的重要意义 ;②地图艺术性的表现形式 ;③地图艺术性的形式及其发展趋势     

基于ArcIMS的校园WebGIS设计与实现——以内蒙古师范大学为例

在简要介绍了WebGIS主要实现模式和ArcIMS体系结构基础上,重点论述了基于ArcIMS的校园WebGIS系统平台的构建,实现了具有基本地图编辑、查询、图层操作与3维仿真显示等功能的内蒙古师范大学校园地理信息的网上发布,若能继续完善并与我校目前＂数字校园＂建设的显著成果相结合,对促进内蒙古师范大学＂数字校园＂工程的...     

用CC的方法分析和解决一个常见的网络安全问题

CC导出PP的过程是一种安全评估通用语言到某类产品的具体应用过程,需要经过需求分析、得出安全目的、提出安全功能要求与安全保证要求等几个阶段。本文利用这些过程的基本方法和思想全面分析一个常见的网络安全问题,并按照保护轮廓的模式给出该网络的安全要求。     

Night on Earth: Mapping decadal changes of anthropogenic night light in Asia

The defense meteorological satellite program (DMSP) operational linescan system (OLS) sensors have imaged emitted light from Earth's surface since the 1970s. Temporal overlap in the missions of 5 OLS sensors allows for intercalibration of the annual composites over the past 19 years (Elvidge et al., 2009). The resulting image time series captures a spatiotemporal signature of the growth and evolution of lighted human settlements and development. We use empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and the temporal feature space to characterize and quantify patterns of temporal change in stable night light brightness and spatial extent since 1992. Temporal EOF analysis provides a statistical basis for representing spatially abundant temporal patterns in the image time series as uncorrelated vectors of brightness as a function of time from 1992 to 2009. The variance partition of the eigenvalue spectrum combined with temporal structure of the EOFs and spatial structure of the PCs provides a basis for distinguishing between deterministic multi-year trends and stochastic year-to-year variance. The low order EOFs and principal components (PC) space together discriminate both earlier (1990s) and later (2000s) increases and decreases in brightness. Inverse transformation of these low order dimensions reduces stochastic variance sufficiently so that tri-temporal composites depict potentially deterministic decadal trends. The most pronounced changes occur in Asia. At critical brightness threshold we find an 18% increase in the number of spatially distinct lights and an 80% increase in lighted area in southern and eastern Asia between 1992 and 2009. During this time both China and India experienced a ∼20% increase in number of lights and a ∼270% increase in lighted area – although the timing of the increase is later in China than in India. Throughout Asia a variety of different patterns of brightness increase are apparent in tri-temporal brightness composites – as well as some conspicuous areas of apparently decreasing background luminance and, in many places, intermittent light suggesting development of infrastructure rather than persistently lighted development. Vicarious validation using higher resolution Landsat imagery verifies multiple phases of urban growth in several cities as well as the consistent presence of low DN (<∼15) background luminance for many agricultural areas. Lights also allow us to quantify changes in the size distribution and connectedness of different intensities of development. Over a wide range of brightnesses, the size distributions of spatially contiguous lighted area are consistent with power laws with exponents near −1 as predicted by Zipf's Law for cities. However, the larger lighted segments are much larger than individual cities; they correspond to vast spatial networks of contiguous development (Small et al., 2011).     

2009年武汉市植被净初级生产力估算

利用CASA模型,结合实测的光合有效辐射（PAR）数据、MODIS归一化植被指数（NDVI）和Land Cover数据、气象数据等资料,估算了2009年武汉市的植被净初级生产力（NPP）。结果显示,武汉市的植被平均单位面积年NPP产量达到464.19gC·m^-2·a^-1。6、7、8三个月NPP积累值最高,占全年的56.8%;12、1、2三个月NPP值最低,仅占5.6%。黄陂区由于林地较广,NPP值较大,在1 000gC·m^-2·a^-1以上;而城市周边由于植被覆盖面积较小,NPP值较低,在400gC·m^-2·a^-1以下。     

A seafloor experiment to monitor vertical deformation at the Lucky Strike volcano, Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Decades of cruise-based exploration have provided excellent snapshots of the structure of mid-ocean ridges and have revealed that accretion is a mixture of steady-state and quantum events. Observatory-type studies are now needed to quantify the temporal evolution of these systems. A multi-disciplinary seafloor observatory site is currently being set up at the Lucky Strike volcano, in the axial valley of the slow spreading Mid-Atlantic ridge as a part of the MoMAR (monitoring of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) initiative. The aim of this observatory is to better understand the dynamics of the volcano and the hydrothermal vents hosted at its summit as well as their plumbing systems. In August 2006, the GRAVILUCK cruise initiated an experiment to monitor the deformation of Lucky Strike volcano. A geodetic network was installed, and seafloor pressure, gravity and magnetic data were collected. In this paper, we present the method used to monitor volcanic deformation, which involves measuring relative depth difference between points within a seafloor geodesy network. We show that, taking into account oceanographic variability and measurement noise, the network should be able to detect vertical deformations of the order of 1 cm.     

Impact of the tsunami and earthquake of 26th December 2004 on the vital coastal ecosystems of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands assessed using RESOURCESAT AWiFS data

Tsunami waves struck the Indian coast on 26th December 2004 affecting the Andaman and Nicobar group of islands. A quick assessment of the status of the vital coastal ecosystems has been made using pre- and post-tsunami Advance Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) data of Indian satellite RESOURCESAT with an accuracy of 87–90% and the Kappa ranging from 0.8696 to 0.9053. Among the coastal ecosystems the coral reefs have suffered the maximum with the Nicobar reefs (69% eroded and 29% degraded) bearing the brunt more than the Andaman reefs (54% eroded and 22% degraded). Significant improvement to the condition of the reef damaged due to backwash has been noted. About 41% of the Sentinel reef area has undergone significant improvement. The continuance of the erosion of the southwestern Andaman reefs is due to the impact of recurring earthquakes. The impact on mangroves of both the groups of islands has been due to uprooting as well as inundation of seawater and resulting stagnation. Changes are expected in community structure of mangroves as a result of tsunami.     

地物状态时空演化模型与地图数据库更新的数学表述

制图区域内的地物状态是时间的函数,地物位置和属性的时空演化是地物状态的表征。根据地物位置和属性的时空变化,给出现势地物、消失地物和新生地物的定义。由于地图数据库是自动化制图的基础,维护数据库的现势性关系着地图的质量。论述地图数据的现势性检测,给出数据库的现势信息集、删除信息集和增补信息集的定义,对地图数据库更新给出数学表述。     

GIS支持下的宗地估价与管理系统的设计与开发

我国经济的飞速发展,使得信息化的需求越来越迫切,而土地估价长期依赖手工操作,效率低、质量不高,难以准确、高效地完成各种设定目的条件下宗地估价业务。随着GIS的兴起和发展,为空间数据的存储和管理提供了可能。通过对地价管理系统的设计与开发,阐述了GIS在系统开发中的应用,实现了计算机辅助的土地估价,宗地图形和属性查询、分析...     

城市数字高程模型和数字正射影像建库系统架构

数字高程模型和数字正射影像是城市基础地理信息的核心载体.两者数据都是连续的地表模型数据.本论文旨在研究建立一个以这两种数据为主体的数据库集成管理系统,并能够提供基本的分析和应用功能,为城市的规划、建设、管理和社会各行业提供完善、优质和高效的地理空间数据服务.论文以宁波市两者数据的建库为例.首先介绍一些有关背景资料;然后详细研究了该系统的设计情况,包括设计的原则、技术路线,数据组织和功能规划;最后进行总结,分析了该系统架构设计的优缺点.