山西地质趣谈（十八）（连载）

2．大禹疏壶口 壶口瀑布,是黄河干流中最壮观的瀑布,它以平均1000个流量（立方米/秒）的速度,从30多米的高处在这宽仅20多米的峡口中倾泻而下,激起50米高的水花,飞出彩虹,浪沫漂到下游100-200米岸上,给游人身上增添点点泥沫。     

亚纯函数f（z）的微分多项式φ（z）f（z）P（f）（z）的值分布

设k∈N，f（z）为复平面上的超越亚纯函数，φ（z）、ak-1（z），…，a0（z）为f（z）的小函数，且φ（z）≠0．置P（f）（z）=f^（k）（z）＋ak-1（z），f^（k-1）（z）＋…＋a1（z）f（z）＋a0，（z），且P（f）（z）不恒为常数．当k≤4时，满足Nr）（r，1/f）=S（r，f）；k≥5，满足N4）（r，1/f）=S（r，f），则T（r，f）〈20N^-（r，1/φfP-1）＋s（r，f）．     

Af（z）f＇（z）＋Bf￣2（z）的值分布

设ｆ（ｚ）为复平面上的超越亚纯函数，不具有形式Ｃｅｘｐ（－Ｂｚ／Ａ），其中Ａ、Ｂ及Ｃ为复数，则Ｔ（ｒ，ｆ）可被ｆ（ｚ）的极点计数函数及Ａｆ（ｚ）ｆ＇（ｚ）＋Ｂｆ￣２（ｚ）的ａ计数函数（ａ≠０）所控制。     

追求（小小说）

东方刚现出鱼肚白,便听到砰砰的敲门声。“准是訾鸣又来啦!”高翔满有把握地说。“您俩光腚就在一块,后来又同窗八九年,人恁熟,咋会猜不着?”妻子表示赞同。其实,訾鸣昨晚10点从这儿才走。原因是高翔冒着生命危险,把其溺水的独生儿子救了出来,自己反倒被水呛得呕吐,以致吃药打针。对此,他感激不尽,放心不下。“翔哥,气喘咋样?”他未进门就问。“上午的事,下午就好了,为这,让你跑几趟。要是你碰上孩子落水,也一定会救!”高翔对所谓“舍己救人”淡然置之,不当回事,没觉察到訾鸣内心充满歉疚。他们两个人同村、同学,又同在乡政府工作。高翔管理…     

天职（小小说）

老马从土地局退休回家那天，正是柳絮满天飞扬的春季。老马心情不好，老马不是留恋他在土地局局长的官位，实在是对干了几十年的土地工作有些恋恋不舍。老马回临河村，是土地局的小车送回来的。车至村西苍河桥，他固执地下了车，与司机挥挥手，便在满野的绿色中慢慢地往村里走。     

乡下（组诗）

乡下人爱喝酒 一杯乡情下肚 整个村子就醉了 乡下 一条石板路的乡下 摇摇晃晃地 醉倒在门前 连凋零的犬吠 也一朵一朵地漾着酒气乡 下青 草 青青的野草 躺在土地上 躺在梦中 我的心上 满地的绿 在清晨 在遥远的乡下 我的父亲 挥舞着镰刀 收割阳光 也收割绿色的歌谣 青青的野草 在春天里令我心动 在乡下 在我家门前 静静地等待 等我牵着牛 带你回家落 叶 树叶落了 一地的黄叶像睡着了 梦里有许多河流 依然很清澈 树叶落了 风要轻轻地刮过来 那是睡着的心 别把它吹醒…     

故乡（组诗）

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西宁（国家级）经济技术开发区

西宁经济技术开发区是2000年7月3日，经国务院批准成立的国家级开发区．成立西宁经济技术开发区是党中央、国务院实施西部大开发以来，为了扩大吸引外资规模、提高利用外资水平、扩大对外开放、促进青海经济快速发展所采取的重大举措。为青海和西宁的经济发展和改革开放提供了前所未有的良好机遇和发展空间，必将成为青海经济建设发展的前沿阵地和重要窗口。西宁经济技术开发区将成为青海改革开放的实验地、工业经济的聚集地、高新技术的孵化器、经济发展的排头兵。     

爱心无阻（小小说）

风和日丽,春意融融,阳明县国土资源局会议室内座无虚席,人们排着长队,表情严肃,有条不紊地将一张张钞票装进捐款箱,向遭受冰雪灾害的同胞献上一份爱心。     

储量情怀（三句半）

四人共同走上台,欢庆锣鼓敲起来,要给大家说点啥？储量情怀！ 张灯结彩合家欢,全厅同志乐团圆,我们学说三句半,拜年！     

Cloning and sequence analysis of a full-length cDNA of <Emphasis Type="Italic">SmPP1cb</Emphasis> encoding turbot protein phosphatase 1 beta catalytic subunit

Reversible protein phosphorylation, catalyzed by protein kinases and phosphatases, is an important and versatile mechanism by which eukaryotic cells regulate almost all the signaling processes. Protein phosphatase 1 （PP1） is the first and well-characterized member of the protein serine/threonine phosphatase family. In the present study, a full-length cDNA encoding the beta isoform of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase l（PPlcb）, was for the first time isolated and sequenced from the skin tissue of flatfish turbot Scophthalmus maximus, designated SmPPlcb, by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE） technique. The cDNA sequence of SmPPlcb we obtained contains a 984 bp open reading frame （ORF）, flanked by a complete 39 bp 5＇ untranslated region and 462 bp 3＇ untranslated region. The ORF encodes a putative 327 amino acid protein, and the N-terminal section of this protein is highly acidic, Met-Ala-Glu-Gly-Glu-Leu-Asp-Val-Asp, a common feature for PP1 catalytic subunit but absent in protein phosphatase 2B （PP2B）. And its calculated molecular mass is 37 193 Da and pI 5.8. Sequence analysis indicated that, SmPPlcb is extremely conserved in both amino acid and nucleotide acid levels compared with the PPlcb of other vertebrates and invertebrates, and its Kozak motif contained in the 5＇UTR around ATG start codon is GXXAXXGXXATGG, which is different from mammalian in two positions A6 and G3, indicating the possibility of different initiation of translation in turbot, and also the 3＇UTR of SmPPlcb is highly diverse in the sequence similarity and length compared with other animals, especially zebraf＇lsh. The cloning and sequencing of SmPPlcb gene lays a good foundation for the future work on the biological functions of PP1 in the flatfish turbot.     

Cloning and sequence analysis of a full-length cDNA of SmPP1cb encoding turbot protein phosphatase 1 beta catalytic subunit

Reversible protein phosphorylation, catalyzed by protein kinases and phosphatases, is an important and versatile mechanism by which eukaryotic cells regulate almost all the signaling processes. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is the first and well-characterized member of the protein serine/threonine phosphatase family. In the present study, a full-length cDNA encoding the beta isoform of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1(PP1cb), was for the first time isolated and sequenced from the skin tissue of flatfish turbot Scophthalmus maximus, designated SmPP1cb, by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. The cDNA sequence of SmPP1cb we obtained contains a 984 bp open reading frame (ORF), flanked by a complete 39 bp 5' untranslated region and 462 bp 3' untranslated region. The ORF encodes a putative 327 amino acid protein, and the N-terminal section of this protein is highly acidic, Met-Ala-Glu-Gly-Glu-Leu-Asp-Val-Asp, a common feature for PP1 catalytic subunit but absent in protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B). And its calculated molecular mass is 37 193 Da and pI 5.8. Sequence analysis indicated that, SmPP1cb is extremely conserved in both amino acid and nucleotide acid levels compared with the PP1cb of other vertebrates and invertebrates, and its Kozak motif contained in the 5'UTR around ATG start codon is GXXAXXGXXATGG, which is different from mammalian in two positions A-6 and G-3, indicating the possibility of different initiation of translation in turbot, and also the 3'UTR of SmPP1cb is highly diverse in the sequence similarity and length compared with other animals, especially zebrafish. The cloning and sequencing of SmPP1cb gene lays a good foundation for the future work on the biological functions of PP1 in the flatfish turbot.     

Molecular Cloning and Expression ofPoIR2, a Novel Gene Involved in Immune Response in Japanese Flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus）

A novel immune-related gene was expressed in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) injected with Vibrio anguillarum. The complete cDNA contained a 169 bp 5’UTR, a 336 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 111 amino acids and a 556bp 3’UTR. Six exons and five introns were identified in the PoIR2 gene. Blastp similarity comparison showed its encoding protein had 50% similarity to Danio rerio neuromedin S (NMS), but further alignment indicated they did not have NMS C-terminal conservational signature domain. So it was not defined as an NMS homologue. Protein structure analysis indicated it had a 26aa signal peptide and was a secretory pathway protein. RT-PCR demonstrated that the expression of PoIR2 was quickly induced and drastically increased in liver, kidney, spleen, gills, intestine, heart, and skeletal muscle after infected with V. anguillarum. These results indicated that the PoIR2 might play some important role in Japanese flounder immune response system. This gene was named PoIR2 (P.olivaceus immune-related gene 2, GenBank accession number: EU224372). The mature PoIR2 peptide was expressed in BL21(DE3) pLysS using pET-32a(+) vector and a great part of the recombinant mature peptide existed as soluble type.     

荷那龙罗非鱼两种GHSR基因的克隆与序列分析

用RT-PCR和RACE方法,从荷那龙罗非鱼(Oreochromis hornorum)垂体中克隆到生长激素促分泌素受体(GHSR)cDNA全序列。荷那龙罗非鱼GHSR基因具有GHSR-1a与GHSR-1b两个高度保守cDNA序列。GHSR-1a序列全长1 646 bp,包括225 bp的5′非编码区,266 bp的3′非编码区和1 155 bp的开放阅读框,编码384个氨基酸残基,具有7个跨膜结构域结构(transmembrane domains,TM);GHSR-1b序列全长1 877 bp,包括225 bp的5′非编码区,755 bp的3′非编码区和897 bp的开放阅读框,编码298个氨基酸残基,只具有前5个TM,在第6个TM的第4个氨基酸处开始缺失。将GHSR cDNA序列与基因组序列比较发现,这两种cDNA转录本来自同一个基因的不同变体。     

cDNA cloning and expression of a collectin from red-spotted grouper （Epinephelus akaara）

Lectins play a crucial role in the innate immunity of invertebrates and vertebrates by recognizing and disposing of pathogens.We obtained the complete cDNA of a C-type lectin(EALec1) from Epinephelus akaara using RACE.The complete EALec1 cDNA sequence was 827 bp.The 5-UTR and 3-UTR were 28 bp and 151 bp,respectively,in length.The sequence also contained a polyadenylation signal AATAAA and a poly(A) tail.The EALec1 cDNA encodes polypeptides with 215 amino acids,including a signal peptide of 31 amino acids.Th...     

Cloning and expression analysis of a ubiquitin gene (Ub L40 ) in the haemocytes of Crassostrea hongkongensis under bacterial challenge

Ubiquitin, a highly conserved stress-related protein, is assigned multiple functions, such as DNA processing, protein degradation, and ribosome synthesis. The Crassostrea hongkongensis ubiquitin gene (designated ChUbL40) was cloned by a combination of suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of ChUbL40 is 496 bp in length, consisting of a 5’ untranslated region (UTR) of 34 bp, a 3’-UTR of 75 bp and an open reading frame of 387 bp encoding a ubiquitin fusion protein of 128 amino acids. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of ChUbL40 reveals that UbL40 is highly conservative during evolution. The expression patterns of ChUbL40 gene in various tissues were examined by real-time PCR. The expression level of ChUbL40 in haemocytes is down-regulated at 4 h and gradually returned to its original level from 6 h to 24 h after Vibrio alginolyticus challenge. Our results suggest that ChUbL40 is ubiquitously expressed and plays an important role in immune defense against bacterial challenge.     

Characterization of SNAP-25 gene from marine teleostean, Lateolabrax japonicus

The t-SNARE protein SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) plays an essential role in regulating fusion between the vesicle and plasma membranes during exocytosis. To clone and characterize SNAP-25 gene, the first step in the functional study of SNARE proteins in marine teleostean, was to obtain the cDNA of sea perch SNAP-25 (SPsn25) by RT-PCR and RACE-PCR amplification of a Japanese sea perch. The full-length cDNA of 831bp contains a CDS of 615 bp, coding 204 amino acid residues, and a 5′UTR of 219bp. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that SPsn25 corresponds with SNAP-25a isoform and shares 91.1% identity with SNAP-25a of a goldfish and a zebrafish. The SPsn25 expression in both mRNA and protein levels in the Japanese sea perch had been identified through semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blot assay. Together, these data again confirmed the nerve tissue specificity of the fish SNAP-25 gene expression.     

马氏珠母贝热休克蛋白HSP60基因的克隆与表达分析

运用cDNA末端快速扩增（RACE）技术,克隆马氏珠母贝（Pinctadamαrtensii）热休克蛋白HSP60基因 cDNA全序列。序列全长2495坤,开放阅读框（ORF） 1734坤,编码577个氨基酸,预测的分子量约为61.79阳, 理论等电点为5.4905＇非翻译区（ 5＇UTR）长150坤, 3＇非翻译区（3＇UTR）长611 bp。同源性比对分析结果,马 氏珠母贝HSP60基因与与太平洋长牡妨（Crωsos仰a gIgω）和光滑双蹄螺（Biomphalaria glabrata）的同源性较 高,达到75%。氨基酸序列分析显示,马氏珠母贝HSP60氨基酸序列具有典型的rnt-HSP60特征序列、C-末端典型的GGM重复基序和一个ATP结合结构域。荧光定量数据分析发现,该基因在闭壳肌、外套腹、血淋巴、肝膜腺、性腺、躁、等6个组织中具有表达,在肝膜腺中表达量最高,腮中次之,而在血液和闭壳肌中仅有少量表达;在脂多糖剌激后,该基因表达水平上调,12 h后达到最大值,之后又逐渐下调,均高于对照组,差异具统计学意 义（P〈0.05）。