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岷江上游流域环境脆弱性评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以岷江上游流域TM遥感数据和地形数据为主要数据源,结合其他统计相关资料,尝试运用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)对复杂因素构成的脆弱性特征进行层次分解和重新构造,建立多目标要素的综合评价指标体系和模型。选取植被指数变化率、人口密度、地形起伏度、坡度及土壤类型5个要素作为评价指标因子,通过AHP确定各评价指标的权重,在Arc GIS平台下将各指标图层进行叠加分析,得出岷江上游区域环境脆弱性评价图,再根据环境脆弱性指数阈值分级,将研究区环境脆弱度分为5级。结果表明:岷江上游环境脆弱性表现较为强烈,自然因素和人文因素是造成该环境脆弱性的本质原因,该方法为岷江上游流域环境脆弱性模式和生态环境综合评价提供了一种定量分析的思路。 相似文献
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干旱区绿洲生态脆弱性评价方法及应用研究——以吐鲁番绿洲为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
依据干旱区绿洲生态环境特点,建立了完整的生态脆弱性评价指标体系。结合GIS和遥感技术,分别从生态压力、生态敏感度和生态稳定度3方面对研究区生态脆弱性进行分析,并运用综合指数法、层次分析法得出综合评价结果。结果表明,研究区80%以上的区域已达到中度脆弱级别,近1/6的区域为重度脆弱区,在分布上呈现从东向西明显增加的特点。生态脆弱性表现出了显著的土地利用效应,随着脆弱度等级的增加,荒漠化面积所占比例大幅度提高。进行荒漠化治理、保证生态用水是吐鲁番绿洲生态建设的关键。 相似文献
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综合运用GIS空间分析和风险评价模型,选取武汉市基于社会经济数据的6种脆弱性指标,建立武汉市暴雨洪涝灾害脆弱性评价指标体系,以武汉市13个区为例进行脆弱性评价.研究表明武汉市暴雨洪涝灾害脆弱性的时间特征为:2004-2010年期间,武汉市暴雨洪涝灾害的脆弱度呈下降趋势;2010-2014年呈上升趋势;2014-2017年逐渐趋于平稳.2004-2017年的脆弱度总体呈略微上升趋势,空间特征为高脆弱性的区域主要集中在长江流域附近,距离长江流域较远的区域总体脆弱性呈低脆弱性,武汉市暴雨洪涝灾害脆弱性总体表现为西南部地区向东北部地区减小的趋势. 相似文献
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ICESAT卫星确定南极冰盖高程模型研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究了星载激光测高的理论和技术,利用ICESAT测高数据确定了南极冰盖高程模型.将ICESAT测高数据与南极实测GPS数据进行比较,结果显示ICESAT数据能够很好地确定南极冰盖高程模型. 相似文献
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以遥感影像、基础地理信息数据与统计年鉴为数据源,在GIS技术支持下,选择15个评价指标建立了鄱阳湖生态经济区的土壤侵蚀脆弱性指数模型,并揭示了脆弱性的空间分布规律。结果表明,研究区的土壤侵蚀脆弱性以中度和高度脆弱为主,呈现明显的空间分异特征。土壤侵蚀脆弱性与土壤侵蚀现状在空间分布上存在明显不同。从土壤侵蚀驱动力、敏感度与响应能力这3个要素出发探讨了脆弱性空间分布形成的机制。 相似文献
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基于AHP和GIS的扬泰地区浅层地下水脆弱性评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地下水脆弱性评价是保护地下水资源的重要手段,本文根据扬泰地区浅层地下水的水文地质条件,对DRASTIC模型进行了修改。选取地下水位埋深、大气降水入渗净补给量、含水层介质、含水层厚度、地形坡度、包气带介质影响、含水层富水性7个因子作为评价因子,利用层次分析法确定各因子的权重值,建立了符合扬泰地区浅层地下水脆弱性评价模型;利用ArcGIS10.0软件的空间叠加分析功能,编制了扬泰地区浅层地下水脆弱性评价等级图,评价结果与该地区实际水文地质条件基本吻合,对扬泰地区的地下水资源保护和区域规划具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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鹤岗作为煤炭资源型城市,其资源型产业对城市生态环境破坏严重,容易造成严重的环境污染。本文以鹤岗市为研究区域,构建生态环境脆弱性评价模型,选取2000-2014年统计数据,研究鹤岗市生态环境脆弱性演变特征及其主要影响因素,研究表明:1)15年间鹤岗市生态环境脆弱性指数逐渐下降,脆弱性等级从重度脆弱上升为中度脆弱。可分为3个阶段:2000-2010年缓慢下降,2011-2012年急速下降,2013-2014年波动上升。2)从各准则层看,生态压力指数和生态承载力脆弱性指数总体下降,生态恢复力指数波动上升。3)影响因素:生态压力和生态承载力脆弱性与生态环境脆弱性呈正相关,生态恢复力与生态环境脆弱性呈负相关;具体因素有采矿业法人单位数、建成区绿化覆盖率、工业固废综合利用率等。 相似文献
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肖兴平 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,(6):124-126
地下水是水资源的重要组成部份,地下水污染危害人的健康,影响人们的生产和生活,查明某一地区地下水容易受污染的可能性即地下水脆弱性,能为管理决策部门提供合理开发地下水资源,防治地下水污染的科学规划和管理依据。在脆弱性评价工作中,应用当前国际上最先进的地理信息系统平台ArcGIS,并结合地统计分析原理,完成地下水系统脆弱性编... 相似文献
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GIS在西部生态环境建设中的应用初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
GIS与西部生态环境建设的有机结合将是一项长期的、复杂的系统工程。笔者在严格论证了该项目实施的可行性之后,在可持续发展理论的指导下,运用空间分析方法,提出了项目实施的方案。在该方案中,对生态环境信息数据进行了分类,详述了空间数据文件存贮结构,查询管理子系统的开发,最后得出生态环境地理信息系统的总体结构,并简述了其功能。 相似文献
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The Likelihood Ratio (LR) Model has been applied as an improvement upon the Frequency Ratio (FR) that computes the ratio of the percentage of the landslide pixels to the percentage of the non-landslide pixels instead of the total number of pixels used in the denominator as in case of the FR. The comparative assessment of the two techniques is made through spatial modelling of GIS vector data using the ArcGIS software. Two different Landslide Information Values were computed for each polygon element of the study area employing the two FR techniques that categorized the study area into five classes of vulnerability using natural breaks (Jenks) technique. Subsequently, vulnerability zonation maps were prepared showing the different levels of landslide vulnerability. The LR technique yielded significantly higher vulnerability assessment accuracy (77%) as compared to the standard FR (71%). 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(5):539-559
ABSTRACTIn traditional vulnerability assessments, a synthetic index method is usually used to select all types of social and economic indexes so that more aspects can be covered; however, the requisite social and economic data are not always available or are not highly relevant to the studied geographical space, which makes it difficult to conduct quantitative calculations. In this paper, a spatial value density assessment method was developed to improve the hazard of place model. First, a three-dimensional (3D) model of a coastal city was obtained using oblique airborne photogrammetry and image-based 3D reconstruction and then, architecture footprints were employed to extract the geometric information of each individual building. Additionally, a vulnerability assessment system was established to quantitatively account for the aggregate economic value of a selected set of urban surface features. Using geographic information system (GIS) techniques, the aggregate value of these urban features within each geographic unit can be accurately calculated to quantify the exposure and vulnerability of coastal cities to storm surge. A vulnerability assessment was conducted using Weihai city as an example. The study shows that vulnerability assessment accuracy was greatly improved by downscaling the assessment granularity from county-level administrative districts to a 1-km grid. 相似文献
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The goal of this study was to apply, verify and compare fuzzy models with various fuzzy combination operators to analyze the vulnerability to flooding in Seoul, Korea, and to create flood vulnerability maps. We employed the IPCC concept of vulnerability, which comprises exposure to climate, sensitivity and the adaptive capacity, to identify factors that influence flooding. Eleven factors were compiled in a spatial database using geographical information system. The relative weight of each factor was converted into a fuzzy membership value, which was integrated to obtain a flood vulnerability index using five fuzzy combination operators (fuzzy AND, fuzzy OR, fuzzy algebraic sum, fuzzy algebraic product and fuzzy gamma). Overall, the fuzzy models were quite effective tools for flood vulnerability assessment. Of the five fuzzy combination operators, the fuzzy AND operator obtained the highest prediction accuracy of 88.68%. This study achieved better flood vulnerability assessments by employing and comparing fuzzy combination operators. 相似文献
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