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柱撑蒙脱石改性磷铵及其增效机理研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本通过Keggin离子制备了柱撑蒙脱石,并对其进行了酸化处理。盆栽试验研究表明,利用柱撑蒙脱石和酸化柱撑蒙脱石对磷酸二铵进行改性试验处理,生物量显高于磷铵对照,氮素和磷素利用率显提高。X射线衍射技术和红外光谱对改性磷铵进行结构研究表明,其晶体结构发生了较大的变化,这种变化减少了氮的损失和磷在土壤中的固定,从而提高磷铵氮磷的生物有效性。 相似文献
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福建硬质绢云母表面化学改性的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
采用超细粉碎和表面化学改性方法对硬质绢云母进行改性,研究表面改性的机理,建立了一整套的改性工艺,制备出应用性能和价值得到较大提高的改性硬质绢云母超细粉。 相似文献
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蒙脱石改性及其吸附脱色性能研究 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:16
根据蒙脱石层间域的活性,采用无机物插入,对其进行改性,研究了各种改性蒙脱石对红色染料的脱色性能,结果表明,改性蒙脱石的脱色性能比原土有较大的增强,以一种脱色性能较好的改性蒙脱石为代表,探讨了脱色的适宜条件,并考察了脱色机理。 相似文献
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铝钛柱撑改性膨润土处理两种模拟废水的实验研究 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
以钠基膨润土为原料制备了铝钛无机柱撑、铝钛有机柱撑改性膨润土,确定了改性膨润土的最佳铝钛比和铝土比,并将其应用于模拟废水、化学实验室废水的处理。与原土进行比较,探讨了用量、pH值、搅拌时间等对COD去除率、色度去除率、浊度去除率的影响,通过正交实验对实验条件进行了优化。结果表明:有机柱撑改性膨润土、无机柱撑改性膨润土对废水的处理效果均明显好于原土,对废水色度、浊度的去除率均大于93%;对废水COD的去除效果,有机柱撑改性膨润土比无机柱撑改性膨润土有较大提高,去除率最高达66.31%,结果令人满意。 相似文献
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Analysis of the C, N, and Xe release kinetics of intermediate-sized nanodiamond fraction from the Orgueil CI meteorite during isothermal pyrolysis conducted for the first time and subsequent oxidation indicates that (a) the rate of C, N, and Xe release at pyrolysis at a constant temperature decreases with time; (b) the relative amount of released Xe, which mostly has a normal isotopic composition (Xe-P3) at various pyrolysis time up to 800°C, is controlled, first of all, by the heating temperature, whereas the amount of N is controlled by both the temperature and heating time; and (c) prolonged pyrolysis notably modifies the distribution of nitrogen of normal (δ15N = 0) and anomalous (δ15N= ?350‰) isotopic composition in diamond grains. The identified features of the C and N release kinetics are explained by differences in the binding energy of chemically adsorbed O with C atoms and the accommodation of the main amounts of N in extended defects of the crystal structure of nanodiamond. The major factors of the decrease in the Xe-P3 release rate during the isothermal pyrolysis of nanodiamond are either the differences between the Xe desorption parameters of the traps in graphite-like phases containing Xe-P3 or the differences between the radiation-induced defectiveness of grains of the population containing implanted Xe-P3. Our results led us to conclude that (1) meteoritic nanodiamond contains relatively low amounts of a phases carrying the P3 component of noble gases, regardless of the nature of this component, and (2) the population of nanodiamond grains containing most of isotopically anomalous nitrogen was produced at a high rate to preserve this nitrogen, first of all, at extended defects in the diamond crystal structure. 相似文献
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Gerald Matisoff J.Berton Fisher Peter L McCall 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1981,45(12):2333-2347
Rates of anaerobic decomposition of Lake Erie sediments were determined for seven depth intervals at three temperatures. Sealed sediment sections were incubated under anoxic conditions and the interstitial waters were serially sampled over a period of approximately 200 days. Concentration increases of bicarbonate, phosphate, ammonium, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn in pore water within any given depth interval followed zero order kinetics over the sampling period and exhibited Arrhenius temperature dependency. Rates of release to the pore waters were proportional to the concentrations in the solid phases, indicating first order kinetics overall.The rates and temperature dependencies of these fermentation reactions were only slightly less than those reported from sediments undergoing sulfate reduction. The observed release rates decreased exponentially with depth in the sediment due to a corresponding decrease in the amount of metabolizable organic matter and acid hydrolyzable mineral phases.A stoichiometric model was constructed utilizing the observed release rates and assumed chemical reactions to predict the stoichiometry of the decomposing organic matter and the nature of the hydrogen buffer. The modeling indicates that 60% of the observed bicarbonate release is the direct result of organic decomposition, that 20% of the release is from the dissolution of calcium carbonate mineral phases, and that the remaining 20% of the release is from the dissolution of magnesium, iron und manganese carbonate mineral phases.Kinetic modeling of the observed production rates accurately predicts the vertical profiles of Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn, but cannot quantitatively account for all the concentration differences of the nutrient elements C, N and P. This implies that in addition to decomposition, increased depositional flux also accounts for the significant changes in concentrations of the nutrient elements in the near surface sediments. 相似文献
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采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMAB)对蛭石精矿进行了有机改性,利用X射线衍射法(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热失重分析(TG)对蛭石精矿和有机改性蛭石进行了表征。实验结果表明,当反应液中蛭石与水的质量比为1∶10、反应温度在60~70℃时,HDTMAB的阳离子HDTMA进入绝大部分蛭石晶粒的晶层,将蛭石的晶层间距撑大,蛭石的(001)晶面间距d001从1.45986 nm增大到3.70134 nm。HDTMA进入了单晶颗粒之间,将蛭石颗粒分散成单晶颗粒。 相似文献
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二连盆地巴音都兰凹陷下白垩统湖相云质岩成因研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
巴音都兰凹陷下白垩统发育的云质岩是一套具有特殊成因的重要标志层,且近年来在其中发现大量油气显示,但目前对这套云质岩成因研究程度较低。为此,通过岩芯观察、薄片鉴定、全岩分析、微量元素和碳氧同位素测定等方法,综合研究了云质岩的岩石学特征、古水介质、成因类型等。研究认为,本区古水介质为淡水-微咸水,而白云石中铁含量高,是埋藏白云化作用的产物,发生白云化作用的母质是凝灰物质,凝灰物质蚀变作用形成大量的斜长石和镁、铁离子,并在二氧化碳参与下发生水解,形成铁白云石,其中二氧化碳主要来源于埋藏条件下的有机质甲烷化作用。 相似文献
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《Earth》1999,45(3-4):145-165
Ammonium is present as a trace constituent in all granites, with an average concentration of 45 ppm (NH4+), equivalent to 35 ppm of elemental N. It shows wide variations related to petrography and region, but the only significant correlation between ammonium and other geochemical parameters is that it is most abundant in peraluminous granites and least abundant in peralkaline granites. These variations can be related to (a) the amount of sedimentary material in the magmatic source region, and (b) redox conditions in the source region. The ammonium content of granitic magmas can also be modified by fractionation or contamination. Hydrothermal alteration has a major effect on the ammonium content of granitic rocks, and variation due to this cause may exceed the magmatic variation. Most hydrothermally altered granites are enriched in ammonium as a result of the transfer of ammonium from sedimentary country rocks by the hydrothermal fluids. 相似文献
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The structural response of buddingtonite [N(D/H)4AlSi3O8] on cooling has been studied by neutron diffraction. Data have been collected from 280 K down to 11 K, and the crystal structure refined using the Rietveld method. Rigid-body constraints were applied to the ammonium ion to explore the structural properties of ammonium in the M-site cavities at low-temperature. Low-temperature saturation is observed for almost all the lattice parameters. From the present in situ low-temperature neutron diffraction studies, there is no strong evidence of orientational order–disorder of the ammonium ions in buddingtonite. 相似文献
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Henrik Svensen Gray Bebout Long Li Luc Chevallier 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(20):4929-4947
We have investigated the N geochemistry of minerals and rocks from contact metamorphic aureoles and hydrothermal vent complexes (HVC) in the Karoo Basin in South Africa. The HVC formed during phreatic eruptions associated with rapid devolatilization and pressure build-up in contact aureoles around early Jurassic sill intrusions. By combining outcrop data from a HVC and core data from contact aureoles, we investigate the relationship between light element release during metamorphism and vertical fluid migration. Sandstone and breccia from the HVC contain early-diagenetic ammonium -bearing feldspar (buddingtonite) and illite. Ammonium occupies up to 95% of the A site in feldspar, corresponding to concentrations up to 5.2 wt% N. Bulk-rock N isotope data for rocks from inside and outside the hydrothermal vent complex fall into two distinct groups. Background samples have δ15Nair between +1.5‰ and +4.9‰, whereas minerals from the vent complex have δ15N in the range +7.5 to +10.6‰. The N geochemistry of contact metamorphic shale from the lower stratigraphic units of the Karoo Basin shows that the vitrinite reflectance and δ15N values are positively correlated. Shale with reflectivity values >4%Ro are enriched in 15N, with δ15N values between +6‰ and +14‰, implying the release of isotopically light N into metamorphic fluids (probably as N2). We suggest that the relatively high δ15N values of the early-diagenetic buddingtonite in the HVC reflect exchange of buddingtonite with N-bearing fluids ascending from greater depth after their release during contact metamorphism and dehydration. We present a qualitative model whereby hydrothermal vent complexes represent fluid flow structures after their formation, focusing N-bearing metamorphic fluids sourced in deeper levels of the basin. The release of organic N from sediments at depth in volcanic basins could play a role in the geochemical cycle of N, becoming particularly important during periods of intense volcanic activity. 相似文献
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喀斯特适生植物固碳增汇策略 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
通过分析喀斯特地区的土壤化学性质,明确了喀斯特地区植物的固碳增汇的限制因素为岩溶干旱、低营养、高pH、高重碳酸盐等。通过对喀斯特适生植物和非适生植物的无机碳源、氮源的利用以及对低营养的响应差异分析,总结出了喀斯特适生植物交替、高效利用碳酸氢根离子作碳源的开源固碳增汇策略,以较低的营养成本获取较高的光合固碳能力的低成本倍增固碳增汇策略,以及掠夺式吸收限制性的铵态氮和补偿式吸收硝态氮来实现固碳增汇作用的以氮增汇策略等;提出了喀斯特适生植物固碳增汇能力的利用途径,可最大限度挖掘出喀斯特地区植物的固碳增汇潜能。 相似文献
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层状硅酸盐矿物晶体结构的多体性组装模式与构筑原理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
将层状硅酸盐矿物晶体结构中属性不同的二维结构单元体看成是不同的结晶学模块,研究了一般层状硅酸盐矿物和间层矿物的多体性组装模式和构筑原理。结果表明,不同二维结构单元体(包括硅氧四面体片、八面体片、层间域(物))的构筑基本符合球体紧密堆积原理,紧密堆积层平行{0001};四面体片与八面体片构筑TO和TOT结构层时采取多种机制消除二者在二维尺寸上的差异;两种模式的结构层与不同类型的层间物(域)组装形成六种组装模式的晶层;并通过二维结构单元体的组合规律的分析,计算出可能存在的28种TOT型间层结构,它们分属于6种间层结构多体性组装模式;间层结构中,结构层对于八面体片是不对称的,并在属性上表现出极性特征;间层矿物的晶层类型可用6种多体性组装模式加以表达。层状硅酸盐矿物结构的多体性分析与组装模式的研究,对于矿物晶体化学研究是非常重要的。 相似文献