考虑预应力影响的壳-弹簧模型及其在预制地下管廊纵向抗震分析中的应用

利用ABAQUS有限元软件,采用壳单元模拟管廊结构,非线性地基弹簧单元模拟土-结构相互作用,非线性弹簧单元模拟带止水橡胶的承插式接头和预应力钢绞线,提出了一种考虑预应力影响的预制地下管廊纵向抗震分析的壳-弹簧有限元模型,并基于反应位移法分析了某拟建预制地下双舱管廊在地震波作用下的内力和变形.研究表明:文中壳-弹簧模型充...     

非一致地震激励地下综合管廊振动台模型试验研究(Ⅲ)——数值模拟

根据非一致地震激励地下综合管廊振动台模型试验结果,以有限元软件ABAQUS为平台,定义了约束方程来考虑层状剪切砂箱的模型箱效应。土体采用线性扩展Drucker-Prager本构模型,并采用主从接触面模型考虑土-结构相互作用,建立了三维有限元模型。对各种试验输入工况下土-综合管廊体系的地震反应进行了数值模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:数值模拟结果与模型试验结果吻合较好。文中所提建模方法合理,可用于后续的分析。     

强震作用下跨断层管道柔性接口抗震加固研究

强烈地震引起的地面永久性大变形是导致埋地供水管线损坏的主要威胁之一。该研究借鉴链式结构的设计思想,基于传统承插式管道接口形式,研发了一种新型管道抗震接口,其可支持一定的轴向伸缩自由变形。当接口变形量达至极限状态时,接口发生自锁现象并能提供较高的抗拉承载力,进而带动相邻管道滑移,以抵消断层错动引起的变形量。针对新型抗震接口开展了轴向力学性能试验,并建立了跨断层下的管线数值模型;同时,数值结果与相关全尺寸试验进行对比验证。该研究以土体压实条件和断层穿越管道位置作为关键变量,研究了加固前后断层错动下承插式管道的力学响应。研究结果表明：提出的抗震接口能够有效地提高管道抵抗地面大变形能力,并且提高接口的轴向抗拉拔能力是提升管道抗断层错动能力的关键;对于松砂土跨断层下的承插式管道接口震损较为严重;断层穿越管道不同的位置会造成不同的接口变形规律;国内规范中管道接口的转角限值过于保守,不利于对跨断层承插式管道安全性能进行合理验算。     

预制混凝土梁-柱-叠合楼板节点抗震性能数值模拟分析

梁-柱-叠合板节点是装配整体式混凝土框架结构的研究重点。文中对装配式混凝土框架梁-柱-叠合板边节点和中节点进行了精细化的有限元建模和分析。数值模型中使用了弹簧失效准则的方法模拟预制构件与后浇混凝土之间的界面,考虑了预制梁上下部钢筋的滑移、预制柱内纵筋的受力状态、预制梁端面键槽的设置。为了验证数值模型的准确性,将与试验进行对比分析,结果表明：数值模拟得到的试件破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线和性能参数与试验结果吻合较好。在验证模型有效的基础上,研究了不同楼板宽度、轴压比、梁板混凝土强度对边节点和中节点抗震性能的影响,为此类装配整体式混凝土结构和工程应用提供参考。     

承插式预制混凝土桥墩抗震性能试验与数值模拟

为探究不同结构参数下承插式预制混凝土桥墩的抗震性能，依据桥墩抗震性能试验，采用有限元软件建立现浇和承插式预制桥墩模型，对比不同钢筋本构模型模拟结果，选取最优钢筋本构模型开展后续分析。共建立8组承插式预制混凝土桥墩模型，分析轴压比、高宽比、纵筋配筋率和箍筋配筋率对桥墩抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明：采用Clough钢筋滞回本构关系的桥墩模型与试验结果吻合良好，具有有效性；提高预制承插式桥墩的轴压比和高宽比，可大幅度提高桥墩的峰值承载力和累积耗能，减小残余位移；提高纵筋配筋率，提高承载能力和累积耗能，残余位移变化并不明显；提高箍筋配筋率，对桥墩承载力和耗能能力无明显影响。轴压比、高宽比和纵筋率3种构造参数对承插式预制桥墩抗震性能具有一定的影响。     

循环荷载下不锈钢力学性能建模方法

为研究不锈钢在循环荷载下的力学性能建模方法,基于OpenSees数值分析平台模拟国内外学者完成的奥氏体不锈钢和双相型不锈钢试件循环加载试验结果,以及配置奥氏体不锈钢的节段拼装桥墩拟静力试验结果。模拟结果与试验结果的对比表明：模拟得到的不锈钢循环加载下的应力-应变滞回曲线与试验结果吻合良好,数值模型可预测奥氏体不锈钢和双相型不锈钢在不同循环加载方式下的响应。不锈钢在单调加载与循环加载下的力学性能有较大区别,应分别建模和取值。配置奥氏体不锈钢的摇摆-自复位节段拼装桥墩滞回性能模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,进一步验证了不锈钢力学性能建模方法的准确性。     

预制装配式桥墩连接类型及抗震性能研究综述

预制装配式桥墩的抗震性能取决于所采用的连接系统。本文从抗震性能的角度出发,系统地综述了“等同现浇”连接和“非等同现浇”连接的具体构造方式、数值模拟方法及涉及到的抗震问题。其中：在“等同现浇”连接方面,着重介绍了承插式连接、灌浆管道连接和钢筋连接器连接的构造特征、使用位置及其抗震性能试验研究进展“;非等同现浇”连接方面,则侧重阐述桥墩体系从仅设无粘结预应力筋到外置耗能器的演变过程;整理了两类连接的数值模拟研究进展,重点介绍了微观实体单元模型、集中塑性铰模型、集中质量模型、多弹簧模型、接缝纤维化模型这5种“非等同现浇”预制桥墩分析模型的建立方法及应用情况。最后,结合桥梁工程领域出现的新理念、新材料和新技术,展望了预制装配式桥墩的未来发展趋势。     

自复位承插式多节段预制桥墩抗震性能理论分析

为了解决现有预制桥墩施工难度大、腐蚀风险高、震后可恢复性能不足的问题,基于承插式桥墩与多节段桥墩的技术优点,提出了一种新型自复位承插式多节段预制桥墩(RSSPP),使用了高耐久性的BFRP筋和2304不锈钢钢筋,既能够充分发挥承插式节点连接可靠、现场施工简单、容许误差大的特点,同时具备良好的自复位功能.将新型RSSPP...     

应用OpenSEES模拟复式钢管高强混凝土短柱轴心受压性能

基于Open SEES有限元软件对复式钢管高强混凝土短柱轴心受压性能进行模拟。考虑到钢管对混凝土的强化作用,选用Mander混凝土本构模型作为混凝土强度依据,针对外方内圆的复式钢管高强混凝土进行建模。将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明:文中Open SEES建模方式与模型参数选取合理,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,复式钢管高强混凝土柱的有限元分析可以参考文中的建模方式及本构模型进行。     

地铁车站结构大型振动台试验与数值模拟的比较研究

根据可液化土层上土-地铁车站结构动力相互作用大型振动台模型试验结果,以软件ABAQUS为平台,将地基土-地铁车站结构体系视为平面应变问题,采用记忆型嵌套面黏塑性动力本构模型模拟土体的动力特性,采用混凝土动塑性损伤模型模拟车站结构混凝土的动力特性,建立了土-地铁车站结构非线性动力相互作用的有限元分析模型,对各种试验工况下地基土-地铁车站结构体系的地震反应进行了数值模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比,结果表明:数值模拟与振动台模型试验结果基本一致,体现出了相似的规律性,相互印证了计算分析的力学建模和振动台试验结果的正确性。     

液化场地桥梁足尺桩抗震简化分析方法

采用国际VELACS项目中离心机试验标定的内华达砂的动力计算参数,建立液化场地足尺桩-土动力相互作用分析的三维有限元模型;获得不同幅值的正弦波作用下桩-土动力相互作用的p-y曲线,修正并发展一种可用于液化场地桩-土动力相互作用分析的宏单元模型,并基于非线性文克尔地基梁模型建立桥梁足尺桩抗震分析的数值模型与简化方法,通过有限元分析结果验证该简化方法的正确性。     

软弱场地地铁车站结构地震反应的数值模拟与模型试验对比分析

根据软弱场地土上地铁车站结构大型振动台模型试验结果,以软件ABAQU S为平台,采用记忆型嵌套面黏塑性动力本构模型和动塑性损伤模型,分别模拟土体和车站结构混凝土的动力特性,建立了土-地铁车站结构非线性动力相互作用二维和三维有限元分析模型,对各种试验工况下地基土-地铁车站结构体系的地震反应进行了数值模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明：二维、三维数值模拟与振动台模型试验结果基本一致,三维模型可更好地模拟软弱场地与地铁车站结构的动力相互作用及模型结构的动力反应。数值模拟结果和振动台试验结果可相互验证其可靠性。     

Experimental p-y curves for liquefied soils from centrifuge tests

The present study aims to obtain p-y curves(Winkler spring properties for lateral pile-soil interaction) for liquefied soil from 12 comprehensive centrifuge test cases where pile groups were embedded in liquefiable soil. The p-y curve for fully liquefied soil is back-calculated from the dynamic centrifuge test data using a numerical procedure from the recorded soil response and strain records from the instrumented pile. The p-y curves were obtained for two ground conditions:(a) lateral spreading of liquefied soil, and(b) liquefied soil in level ground. These ground conditions are simulated in the model by having collapsing and non-collapsing intermittent boundaries, which are modelled as quay walls. The p-y curves back-calculated from the centrifuge tests are compared with representative reduced API p-y curves for liquefied soils(known as p-multiplier). The response of p-y curves at full liquefaction is presented and critical observations of lateral pile-soil interaction are discussed. Based on the results of these model tests, guidance for the construction of p-y curves for use in engineering practice is also provided.     

CFG桩复合地基桩土应力比分析

根据工程软弱土层进行复合地基处理后的静载荷试验结果,对CFG桩、桩间土荷载分担及桩土应力比随外荷载的变化规律进行了分析,提出了本次试验的极限桩土应力比。这些试验结果和分析结论对指导西南地区软弱土地基处理与加固有一定的参考价值。     

多维地震下考虑桩-土相互作用的曲线桥地震响应分析

为研究曲线桥梁在多维地震激励下考虑桩-土动力相互作用的地震响应特性,本文建立了空间桩-土脱离、摩阻和土体压缩非线性理论分析模型。为简化计算将该非线性弹簧模型进行线性化处理,结合有限元ANSYS分析平台建立了黄土场地的曲线桥仿真分析模型,对考虑桩-土相互作用的曲线桥进行了多维多工况数值分析,对比研究了曲线主梁跨中弯矩、墩底剪力和弯矩及桥墩顶位移的地震响应。结果表明:考虑桩-土相互作用的曲线桥梁主梁跨中内力与地震波输入方向密切相关,三维地震作用下主梁内力最大;各工况地震荷载作用下桥墩底部径向剪力响应比切向剪力响应大很多,而桥墩径向弯矩比切向弯矩略小;同一工况下不同桥墩顶切向位移响应大小相当,而径向位移差异较大。在进行非规则曲线桥梁抗震设计时,应充分考虑多维和单维地震激励输入工况。     

Implementation of online model updating in hybrid simulation

Hybrid simulation combines numerical and experimental methods for cost‐effective, large‐scale testing of structures under simulated earthquake loading. Structural system level response can be obtained by expressing the equation of motion for the combined experimental and numerical substructures, and solved using time‐stepping integration similar to pure numerical simulations. It is often assumed that a reliable model exists for the numerical substructures while the experimental substructures correspond to parts of the structure that are difficult to model. A wealth of data becomes available during the simulation from the measured experiment response that can be used to improve upon the numerical models, particularly if a component with similar structural configuration and material properties is being tested and subjected to a comparable load pattern. To take advantage of experimental measurements, a new hybrid test framework is proposed with an updating scheme to update the initial modeling parameters of the numerical model based on the instantaneously‐measured response of the experimental substructures as the test progresses. Numerical simulations are first conducted to evaluate key algorithms for the selection and calibration of modeling parameters that can be updated. The framework is then expanded to conduct actual hybrid simulations of a structural frame model including a physical substructure in the laboratory and a numerical substructure that is updated during the tests. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated for a simple frame structure but is extendable to more complex structural behavior and models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Parametric analysis of single pile response in laterally spreading ground

Extensive damage to pile-supported structures has been witnessed in several recent earthquakes (Chi-Chi, 1999; Kobe, 1995, etc.), as a result of liquefaction-induced lateral spreading of slightly sloping ground or free-face topographic irregularities. This paper presents a parametric analysis of the basic pile and soil parameters, as well as the pile-soil interaction mechanisms affecting the response of single piles subjected to such lateral spreading, based on numerical simulation with the nonlinear P-y method. In parallel, a set of design charts and analytical relations is established, for approximate computation of maximum pile deflections and bending moments, using a “theory guided” multi-variable statistical analysis of the numerical predictions. Three different combinations (design cases) of pile head constraints and soil conditions were considered, which are commonly encountered in practice. The overall accuracy of the proposed analytical relations is evaluated against experimental results from seven centrifuge and five large shaking table experiments.     

Factors influencing the behavior of buried pipelines subjected to earthquake faulting

Seismic ground faulting is a severe hazard for continuous buried pipelines. Over the years, researchers have attempted to understand pipe behavior, most frequently via numerical modeling and simulation. However, there has been little, if any, physical modeling and tests to verify the numerical modeling approaches and assumptions. This paper presents results of five pairs of centrifuge tests designed to investigate the influence of various factors on the behavior of buried high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipelines subjected to strike-slip faulting. Parameters considered are the soil moisture content, fault offset rate, relative burial depth (H/D), and pipe diameter. The centrifuge test results show that pipe behavior, specifically pipe strain, is nominally not affected by the soil moisture content and fault offset rate when the pipe is subjected to strike-slip faulting. On the other hand, the burial depth ratio (H/D) and pipe diameter influence peak pipe strain, and in some cases, the ground soil failure pattern.     

数值模拟在地球动力学中的研究进展

本文主要针对有限单元法,对近10几年来数值模拟在地球动力学中的应用和发展作了回顾,分为构造应力场模拟;地幔热对流模拟;板块碰撞模拟;岩石圈流变学模拟;以及地震机制与预测模拟等部分.简单阐述了当前地球动力学数值模拟的发展趋势并论述了其面临的主要问题.