Assessment of pollution and ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Ulsan Bay,Korea

Heavy metal concentrations in the surface sediments of specially managed Ulsan Bay were investigated to determine metal distribution, pollution status and its ecological risk using pollution indices (enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index), potential ecological risk index and sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). The order of mean concentration (mg/kg) of metals was Zn (361.9) > Cu (95.6) > Pb (90.7) > Cr (64.7) > Ni (32.2) > Co (16.6) > As (15.8) > Cd (0.40) > Hg (0.16) in sediments of Ulsan Bay. Spatial distribution of metals in sediments showed a significantly higher concentration near industrial complexes, indicating that metal pollution is caused by anthropogenic sources. The results of enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (I_geo) showed that sediments were significantly accumulated with Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg, indicating moderate to very severe enrichment (pollution) by these metals. Based on the potential ecological risk index, Hg and Cd posed a very high and a considerable potential ecological risk. Cu and As posed a moderate potential ecological risk, while, other metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Zn and Pb) rarely posed any potential ecological risk to the coastal environments. The sediments in Ulsan Bay showed a very high level of ecological risk, dominated by Hg and Cd. Metal concentrations in sediments were 80% for Cu, 96.7% for Zn, 50% for As, 70% for Pb and 50% for Hg above the threshold effects level (TEL), respectively.     

Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Grain Size of Sediments from Hailing Bay, China

Introduction Hailing Bay located in western Guangdong province is an important marine aquaculture base and a famous scenic spot. Moyang River which flows across Yangjiang is the major runoff and polluted source in the sea area of Hailing Bay. Hailing Bank ( approximately 5 000 m ) which was built to connect Hailing Island and the continent in 1964 has blocked the natural circulation of suspended sand and pollutants in seawater. Water flux through the Yangjiang harbor extensively decreases …     

Distribution of metal concentrations in sediments of the coastal zone of the Gulf of Riga and open part of the Baltic Sea

The comparison of spatial and temporal distribution of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe concentrations in sediments from the Gulf of Riga and open Baltic Sea along the coastal zone is presented for the first time. There were considerable differences in Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe levels in sediment at various stations of the Gulf of Riga. A significant difference of Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn levels was found in sediments of various stations in the open Baltic coast. The amount of Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn and Fe levels also differed significantly in the sediments of the Gulf of Riga in different years. A considerable yearly difference in amount of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Mn levels was found in sediments in the open Baltic coast. The essential highest values of Pb and Zn in coastal sediments of the open Baltic Sea are stated in comparison with the Gulf of Riga. The concentrations of other metals have only a tendency to be higher in coastal sediments of the open Baltic Sea in comparison with the Gulf of Riga. Natural and anthropogenic factors were proved to play an important role in determining resultant metals concentrations in the regions.     

连云港对虾养殖区表层沉积物重金属污染评价

在2010年6月对连云港市对虾养殖区的沉积物环境状况进行这站调查,分析了对虾池养殖区表层沉积物中重金属的含量及分布,并采用海洋沉积物质量国家标准和地积累指数法对该养殖区沉积物中重金属污染进行了评价。结果表明: (1)Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr、As的平均浓度分别为22.31 mg/kg、283.9 mg/kg、64.86 mg/kg、0.58 mg/kg、0.0056 mg/kg、89.23 mg/kg、35.58 mg/kg,通过计算单项污染指数表明所有元素的污染指数均在 0～1 之间,属于非污染,表明虾池沉积物属于清洁土壤。(2)利用地积累指数 (Igeo)法对所得到的调查结果进行了评价,发现各样点沉积物呈现出轻洁至中等的污染程度,参与评价的6种重金属的污染程度依次为As> Zn> Pb、Cd> Cr> Cu。进一步的生态风险评价结果表明,所有站位沉积物Cu和Cd（除站位5）的含量皆低于ERL值,说明Cu和Cd很少产生不利的生态效应;全部站位的重金属Zn、Pb和8个站位的Cr的含量均在ERL和ERM之间,表明这三种金属偶尔产生不利的生态效应。     

海南东寨港重金属在多种环境介质中污染状况及评价

分析了东寨港海水、表层沉积物和生物体中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、类金属As的含量及分布特征,并运用单因子指数法、地积累指数法评价了该调查区重金属污染程度。结果表明：东寨港海水中除Pb的含量符合二类海水标准外,其余含量均符合一类海水标准,且远低于渔业水质标准限值;表层沉积物中典型重金属元素含量都符合海洋沉积物质量一类标准,基本属于无污染区;本区湿地沉积物中的重金属含量比岛内及周边区典型红树林湿地略偏高;红树林及暗滩沉积物中重金属比东寨港水底沉积物重金属含量高,表明河口湾潮滩上的红树林区可能是重金属元素的富集区,东寨港目前可能受到了陆源污染的影响;生物体中重金属含量均符合一类标准,符合无公害水产品的要求。     

辽东湾西北部海域沉积物重金属含量分析及污染评价

为了解辽东湾西北部海域沉积物重金属的分布特征及污染程度,文章基于2017年3月辽东湾西北部12个采样站位表层沉积物7种重金属含量(Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr、As)的测定,对辽东湾西北部海洋沉积物中的重金属进行了研究。SPSS用于沉积物中重金属含量统计分析并通过地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数的方法评估重金属污染和生态危害的程度。结果显示:(1)辽东湾西北部沉积物重金属含量平均值只有Cd符合海洋沉积物一类标准,变异程度由高到低依次为Hg、Cd、As、Zn、Pb、Cu,汞和镉受人为来源控制最高;(2)地累积指数法评价结果表明重金属元素污染程度由大到小依次为Hg、Cd、Zn、As、Cu、Pb;(3)潜在生态风险指数法评价结果表明,单因子潜在生态风险系数由高到低依次为Hg、Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr,Hg具有很强的生态风险,综合生态风险指数在233.77~4785.15,平均1224.12,处于很强的生态风险水平。文章揭示了辽东湾西北部海域沉积物重金属的分布特征,为该海域的生态环境建设提供依据。     

A statistical study of environmental factors controlling concentrations of heavy metals in the burrowing bivalve Scrobicularia plana and the polychaete Nereis diversicolor

Multiple regression analyses indicate that the most important factors controlling Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in the estuarine bivalve Scrobicularia plana and the polychaete Nereis diversicolor are the concentrations of these metals in surface sediments and the partitioning of sediment-bound metals between different sediment constituents. Extraction of the sediments with 1-n HCl provides more information about the bioavailability of the metals than do extractions with five other techniques. Biologically available Cd and Co in solution contribute significantly to Cd and Co concentrations in both Scrobicularia and Nereis. Concentrations of Ag in Scrobicularia are reduced where Cu concentrations in sediments are high. An unexplained increase in concentrations of Cu in Scrobicularia at specific stations in six estuaries suggests that under certain very anoxic conditions the availability of copper may be exceptionally high.     

Metals background and enrichment in the Chiloé Interior Sea sediments (Chile). Is there any segregation between fjords,channels and sounds?

The range and spatial distribution of metal concentrations in the Chiloé Interior Sea were investigated from 37 surface sediment samples collected during the ‘CIMAR 10 Fiordos’ cruise. Grain size distribution, total organic carbon and nitrogen, δ¹³C, major (Al, Fe, and biogenic opal) and trace (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) elements were determined. Metal background concentrations of each metal in sediment were defined from linear regression equations of metal versus Al, as baseline information for future research on the status of sediment contamination in the Northern Patagonian marine area. Metal levels in Chiloé sediments were of the same order of magnitude as uncontaminated sediments around the world and contamination can be considered negligible-moderate (normalized enrichment factors lower than 3) in this Southern Pacific Region. The Chiloé Interior Sea can be segregated into two zones on the basis of metal content by applying a principal component analysis. The first pertains to inner fjords and it has terrestrial origin (associated to Co, Cu, Pb, Zn) and the second zone features channels and gulfs of a predominantly marine source (Cd, Cu). Nevertheless, only one background equation is needed to predict metal concentrations in the natural sediment of the Chiloé Interior Sea.     

基于生物可利用性评估城市道路沉积物重金属生态风险

城市道路沉积物重金属风险评价是表征城市环境质量的有效途径.采用重金属化学形态和生物可利用性来评估其生态风险更合理,越来越受到人们的关注.本文采集山东省青岛市崂山区10条次干道沉积物样品,分析不同粒径沉积物中Zn、Cd、Cu、Pb的含量、化学形态和生物可利用性,采用地累积指数(Igeo)和改进的生态风险指数(RIm)评价...     

湛江南柳河入海排污口邻近海域沉积物重金属污染评价

对南柳河排污口邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属的含量分布、富集状况进行分析,并采用潜在生态危害指数法进行评价。结果表明:Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg含量分布呈现由西北到东南递减的变化特点;5种重金属元素的富集程度均较重,且程度由大到小依次为Pb>Zn>Cu>Hg>Cd;生态危害评价显示,Pb,Cu,Zn等元素属于轻微生态危害,Hg,Cd等元素属于中等生态危害,5种元素生态危害程度由重到轻依次为Hg>Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn。     

九龙江河口沉积物重金属污染评价

选择九龙江河口水域的沉积物为对象,以地质累计指数法、生态危害指数法对该水域沉积物重金属的污染程度及潜在生态危害进行评价,并利用主成分分析法分析其可能的来源。地质累积指数结果表明,九龙江河口水域沉积物中Zn、Cr均属无污染,大部分站位的Cu、Pb、Hg、As为无污染或轻度污染,大部分站位的Cd则为轻度或中度污染：生态危害...     

辽东湾表层沉积物的重金属污染特征与质量评价

本文研究了辽东湾表层沉积物中重金属的分布及污染特征,评价其生态风险及环境质量。对辽东湾表层沉积物8种重金属（As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn）的空间分布进行了研究,采用Hankanson法和I_geo（地累积指数）分析了该海域重金属潜在生态风险,并评价了该海域的环境质量。在辽东湾葫芦岛附近海域、西南部六股河口东南部海域以及西部近岸海域表层沉积物中As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn含量偏高。地累积指数法及生态风险指数法对重金属污染程度评价结果一致,辽东湾生态环境具有潜在危害的重金属主要是Cd、Hg和As,8种重金属潜在生态风险系数由高到低依次为Cd、Hg、Cu、Pb、As、Zn、Ni和Cr,各站位重金属综合潜在生态风险指数均大于150,生态风险总体上处于中等生态风险等级。Cd和Hg是该海域沉积物重金属中主要污染物,局部区域达到中、中-强污染程度。环境质量评价表明,辽东湾表层沉积物重金属引发有害生物效应的可能性不大,但Cd和Hg显著富集,应予以重视。     

杭州湾南岸潮滩重金属污染调查和评价

文章于杭州湾南岸潮滩布设3个采样断面并采集沉积物样本,采用地质累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价重金属污染状况及其生态风险。研究结果表明:沉积物基本为粗粉砂和细砂,由海向陆粒径逐渐变细且分选性逐渐转差;所有站位重金属含量均值从高到低依次为Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd和Hg,断面重金属含量从高到低依次为高潮滩、中潮滩和低潮滩,Cu、Hg和Pb的空间分布差异较大;本次采样调查结果与邻近区域数据和同区域历史数据相比有所不同;根据地质累积指数评价结果,Cu、Pb和Zn有不同程度的污染;根据污染指数和潜在生态危害指数评价结果,Zn、Cd和Cr与地质累积指数评价结果区别较大,研究区重金属总体污染程度为低度和中度,除Cd外其他重金属处于低生态危害水平,研究区重金属总体生态危害为低度。调查和研究成果可为分析区域重金属环境影响和制定污染控制对策提供科学依据。     

可口革囊星虫与其栖息地底泥中的重金属含量及相关性分析

用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和原子荧光光度法(AFS)测定了采集于北海银滩镇、厦门海门岛、宁德漳湾镇、乐清西门岛、温岭坞根镇、三门花桥镇等地区自然滩涂以及温岭坞根镇养殖区的可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculentas)及其栖息地的底泥样品中Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe、Cd、Pb、Hg 和As 等8 种重金属含量, 并对检测结果进行了含量特征、生物体与栖息地底泥中重金属含量相关性分析、生物体重金属富集系数分析。结果表明: 不同栖息地可口革囊星虫间的重金属含量差异性显著(P<0.05), 各群体中Pb 含量均超过标准, 厦门海门岛群体中Cd 含量超标; 厦门海门岛、乐清西门岛自然滩涂栖息地和温岭坞根镇养殖区等底泥中重金属含量相对较高, 所有采样点底泥中Cu 含量以及乐清西门岛自然滩涂底泥中Cd 含量达到沉积物质量标准Ⅱ类; 可口革囊星虫对Zn、Cu、Fe 的富集系数均小于1, 对Mn、Cd、Pb、Hg 和As 的富集系数均大于1。Zn、Cu、Fe、Pb 和As 的富集系数在大部分群体间差异性较小; 可口革囊星虫中的Fe 和As 含量与底泥中的Fe 和As 含量高度正相关, Zn 和Hg 含量的相关性次之, 其余重金属元素含量的相关性较差。     

舟山近岸海域表层沉积物中5种重金属元素的污染及潜在生态风险评价

利用2006年8月采集于舟山本岛南部近岸海域的表层沉积物监测数据,采用Hakanson生态风险指数法,分析了Hg、As、Pb、Cd和Cu等5种重金属元素含量,并进行了潜在生态风险评价,结果表明:舟山近岸海域表层沉积物中Hg、As、Pb和Cd元素的含量均符合国家海洋沉积物质量一类标准;各重金属元素均为低污染水平,潜在生态...     

Assessment of elemental contamination in estuarine and coastal environments based on geochemical and statistical modeling of sediments

Sediment of variable mineralogical, textural and metal contaminant composition was collected from 38 estuaries along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States and analyzed for total Al, Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Si, Sn, Tl and Zn concentrations. Based on observed covariation of elements at 15 estuaries remote from contaminant inputs, linear regressions of metals on Al were used to model the metal content in baseline sediments. A geochemical model for the covariation was developed, verified and used to guide the statistical modelling approach. Comparison of metal concentrations predicted by the models with those occurring in uncontaminated geological materials suggests that baseline relationships are valid for the entire region sampled. Using these baseline relationships, sediment metal concentrations can be partitioned into natural and anthropogenic fractions. Models improve the comparability of metal levels in sediments by correcting for variable background concentrations that, if left uncorrected, only serve to increase total data variability and reduce detection of spatial and temporal differences.Examples of the application of baseline models to pollution studies are provided. A continuing decline in Pb concentrations in Mississippi River delta sediments is observed consistent with the declining use of Pb additives in gasoline since 1970. Major spatial trends in contaminant metals in sediments along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts are noted.     

九龙江口表层沉积物重金属的污染特征与来源分析

为了解九龙江口表层沉积物重金属的污染特征,作者于2013年9月在九龙江口进行了表层沉积物采样调查分析,结果表明：沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd的空间分布较为相似,高值区均分布在南溪入海口和海门岛下游海域,Cr含量的高值区也分布在南溪入海口附近。聚类分析将采样点位分为4类：第一类主要分布在河口区外侧,沉积物中油类含量较高;第二类主要分布在南溪出海口,硫化物、Zn和Cr的含量较高;第三类分布在河口区中北部,污染物含量处于中等水平;第四类主要分布在海门岛下游海域,硫化物、TOC、Cu、Pb和Zn含量较高。地质累积系数评价显示：Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As处于未污染到轻度污染水平,Cd为轻度污染到重度污染水平;Zn、Cr、Cd的I_geo指数相对较高,第二类和第四类站位的I_geo指数相对较高。相关分析表明,硫化物与Cu、Zn、Cd正相关性较高,Cu与Zn、Cd、Cr正相关性较高,Pb与Zn、Cd正相关性较高,Zn与Cd、Cr正相关性较高。主成分分析表明,河口沉积物重金属主要有以下几个可能来源：流域和河口的工农业活动和采矿活动、流域水土流失、流域自然风化。针对河口沉积物重金属污染,流域-河口污染控制与生态修复需采取以下措施：工业污染的控制、农业污染控制、养殖污染的控制、植树造林与河岸带绿化和矿山生态恢复。     

兴化湾表层海水和沉积物中重金属含量的时空变化特征

根据福建兴化湾2006年12月（冬季）和2007年4月（春季）表层海水以及2007年3月表层沉积物的监测资料,分析了该海域表层海水和沉积物中重金属Cu、Pb、zn、Cd、Hg和As含量的时空变化特征,评价了该海域重金属的污染程度．结果表明：冬季,调查海域表层海水中cu、Pb、zn、cd、Hg、As的含量范围分别为〈0．20～2．42、〈0．03～1．08、〈3．1～16．5、〈0．010—0．043、〈0．007～0．170、0．82～4．00肌g／dm’;春季其含量范围分别为0．91～3．80、0．18～3．40、8．7～36．0、〈0．Ol～0．22、〈0．007～0．063、0．63～1．58~g／dm’．这两季表层海水重金属的测值均低于《海水水质标准（GB3097—1997）》第二类标准值,其中春季cu、Pb、zn、cd含量的均值高于冬季,可能与陆源重金属污染物入海的影响有关．兴化湾表层沉积物中cu、Ph、zn、Cd、Hg和As的含量范围分别为7．60～22．oo、22．4～39．1、54．2～114．0、0．045～0．082、0．020～0．066、5．00～10．20mg／kg,均低于《海洋沉积物质量（GB18668_2002）》的第一类标准值．该湾表层海水和沉积物中重金属含量的平面分布特征呈近岸海域较高．此外,对其历年来监测结果的比较表明,兴化湾表层海水和沉积物中cu和Ph含量的多次监测值较接近,但重金属zn含量的监测值存在着波动现象．     

Distribution of silver, mercury, lead, copper and cadmium in central puget sound sediments

Distributions of five of the more toxic heavy metals have been assessed for Puget Sound sediments. Twenty-one Kasten cores were collected for the study. Analysis by Zeeman-corrected graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy has made possible the accurate and precise determination of silver and cadmium in Puget Sound sediment cores for the first time. Data show that Puget Sound is moderately impacted by anthropogenic Ag, Hg, Pb and Cu. No enrichment of Cd was found. The study also indicates that Puget Sound is quite well mixed with respect to the residence time of particle-bound metals. Toxic metal accumulation sites in the central Sound are determined almost exclusively by grain size, rather than proximity to sources. Estimates are made of trace metal fluxes to the sediments as a function of sediment type and areal distribution.     

东昌湖水体和表层沉积物重金属元素污染评价

通过对东昌湖水体重金属元素(Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb)及表层沉积物中重金属元素(Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb、Ni、Cd)含量的测定,采用基于国家地表水质量标准(GB3838-2002)评价、水体综合污染评价法对东昌湖水体重金属污染状况进行评价,结果表明,水体重金属元素的含量均达到国家Ⅰ类水质标准,水质良好。同全国主要湖泊的表层沉积物重金属含量进行对比,并采用国家土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-95)、潜在生态风险指数法以及地累积指数法对东昌湖表层沉积物重金属元素的污染状况进行评价,结果表明:东昌湖表层沉积物主要以Cd污染为主。东昌湖水体和表层沉积物重金属污染状况主要是有关部门对东昌湖的环境治理、东昌湖现有排污情况以及重金属元素自身地球化学特征等几个方面综合作用的结果。