南海海域数种海藻总脂质及脂肪酸含量的比较

研究南海海域盛产的四种褐藻(海带、裙带菜、昆布和亨氏马尾藻)、三种红藻(紫菜、沙菜和江蓠)及来自南海三个不同海区(南沙、惠来和南澳)亨氏马尾藻的总脂质及脂肪酸含量干重,并重点比较其多不饱和脂肪酸的含量.结果表明,供试褐藻类海藻总脂质含量ω在1.81%～6.11%之间,红藻类海藻的总脂质含量ω在1.44%～3.96%之间;紫菜中含有7.548mg/g(干重,下同)的亚油酸(C182);海带含丰富C181,达5.592mg/g;花生四烯酸(C204)在裙带菜中含量为1.606mg/g;在供试藻种中,昆布的EPA(C20.5)和DHA(C226)含量最高,测定值为608μg/g和689μg/g.     

金枪鱼鱼卵营养成分分析及营养评价

【目的】系统分析和评价金枪鱼鱼卵营养成分。【方法】利用气相色谱、氨基酸分析仪和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定金枪鱼鱼卵脂肪酸、氨基酸和矿物质元素组成。【结果与结论】金枪鱼鱼卵水分质量分数为(68.76±0.35)%,粗蛋白质量分数为(21.00±0.06)%,粗脂肪质量分数为(7.10±0.12)%,粗灰分质量分数为(1.60±0.08)%。电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测得鱼卵中含有丰富的Mg、Ca、K、Na、Fe等金属元素。鱼卵中含有17种氨基酸,其中谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高,天冬氨酸(Asp)次之。鱼卵中含有7种必需氨基酸(色氨酸被水解),占氨基酸总量的40.17%;8种非必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的49.92%;必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸为80.47%,必需氨基酸构成比例符合FAO/WHO关于理想蛋白源的标准。另外,鱼卵中有10种不饱和脂肪酸和5种饱和脂肪酸,分别占总脂肪酸含量的44.44%和51.56%。其中棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)为主要脂肪酸,三者之和占总脂肪酸含量的70.90%。鱼卵中磷脂含量丰富且不饱和脂肪酸种类多,可作为优质的脂肪酸来源。     

湛江海域6种常见经济海藻的营养成分分析

分析采自湛江海域的粗枝软骨藻Chondria crassicaulis、日本沙菜Hypnea japonica、鱼栖菜Acanthophora sp、芋根江蓠Gracilaria blodgettii、平卧松藻Codium repens、网地藻Dictyota dichotoma等6种经济海藻的营养成分。结果表明:碳水化合物是这些海藻的主要营养成分,占藻体干重的42.81%～66.11%,平均为55.93%;粗蛋白含量6.63%～11.13%;粗脂肪含量最低,除网地藻D.dichotoma(2.85%)外,其余5种皆不足藻体干重的1%;粗纤维和灰分含量在种间差别较大;矿物质含量丰富,其中磷、铁和锌分别在平卧松藻C.repens、网地藻D.dichotoma和鱼栖菜Acanthophora中占藻体干重的0.093%、0.13%和0.0055%;氨基酸含量较高,其中Thr、Val、Ile、Leu、Phe几种必需氨基酸的含量均高于FAO标准;不少种类中汞、镉、铅、砷等含量超出我国食品卫生标准。海藻体内的营养成分含量因海藻种类和生长海域的不同而有差异。     

流沙湾的底栖大型海藻调查

2008年3月～2009年1月调查了流沙湾潮间带及湾内(109°55'～109°59'E,20?22'～20°28'N)底栖大型海藻资源,定性、定量分析该海湾底栖大型海藻种类、生态分布、区系性质、群落结构及生物量的季节变化规律。共采集底栖大型海藻3门10目17科19属32种,其中红藻门4目9科9属15种,绿藻门4目6科7属14种,褐藻门2目2科3属3种,以亚热带藻种占绝对优势,达59.4%,温带成分21.9%,热带成分18.7%。采样海藻具印度-西太平洋海洋植物区系中国-日本亚热带海洋植物亚区特点。调查区域内底栖大型海藻群落组成的季节变化明显。     

凤鲚、湖鲚和刀鲚卵巢氨基酸、脂肪酸及矿物元素分析

对长江下游凤鲚、湖鲚和刀鲚卵巢氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素组成及含量进行了测定分析。结果表明:三种鲚属鱼类卵巢鲜样中总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸含量差异不显著;必需氨基酸含量(w)为5.36%～6.32%,占总氨基酸含量为:0.43%、0.41%和0.43%,均以亮氨酸含量最高而色氨酸最低,赖氨酸含量(w)为0.96%～1.04%;饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸差异较显著,脂肪酸组成均以油酸含量最高,EPA和DHA总量(w)为8.00%～11.81%;矿物质含量大多也存在显著差异,常量元素含量最高的为钾(16970～22220mg/kg),微量元素则为锌(262.0～277.0mg/kg);不同水域生长环境对鲚属鱼类卵巢氨基酸含量影响不显著,而对脂肪酸和矿物质含量影响较显著。     

海索面的生殖系统发育及其生活史

海索面Nemalion helminthoides(Valley)Batt．Var．vermicular(sur．)Tseng属于红藻门(Rhodohyta)、红藻纲(Florideophyceae)、海索面目(Nemalionales)、海索面科(Nemalionaceae)、海索面属Nemalion。本种是亚热带性海藻，为我国北方常见种类，南方亦有生长，它是一种经济海藻，各大学的植物学课程亦常把它作为红藻类的代表种之一。曾呈奎和张峻甫等(1962)描述过产于青岛的本种形态构造；     

关于发展我省江蓠琼胶生产的探讨

前言江蓠属红藻门江蓠科,它是世界性的暖温带性海藻,我国沿海都有生长,南海种类繁多而蕴藏量也大,江蓠藻体含有大量的琼胶,干品含琼胶量一般达25％以上,是加工琼胶的好原料[1]。琼胶产品有多方面的用途,在国际市场上销路很广,属于国际性大宗商品之一。一级琼胶产品目前售价40,000多元/吨,国际市场价1.3—1.5万美元/吨。据国际贸易的函电往来统计,1979年,全世界琼胶产量为6,500吨,其中日本占世界产量一半以上(3,500吨),但日本国内江蓠产量每年只有1,500—1,800吨,石花菜约4,000吨。因此,大部分原料依赖进口,每年要进口海藻原料约15,000吨,我国台湾省近年来江蓠产量增长较快,年产量达     

不同前处理方法对微拟球藻脂肪酸组成的影响

采用直接甲酯化、乙醚抽提、正己烷提取等3种方法对微拟球藻进行前处理,用索氏法提取油脂,经气相色谱分析,对比前处理方法对微拟球藻油脂提取率及脂肪酸组分的影响。结果表明:乙醚提取藻粉油脂的提取率(微藻的油脂质量分数)为12.70%,正己烷提取藻粉油脂的提取率为11.00%,乙醚提取油脂的提取率大于正己烷的提取率;直接甲酯化后测得微拟球藻脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸(Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids,PUFAs)质量分数为20.04%,多不饱和脂肪酸中二十碳五烯酸(Eicosapentaenoic Acid,EPA)含量最丰富,占总脂肪酸13.0%;经过乙醚和正己烷提取后的油脂,脂肪酸组成更加简单,PUFAs含量明显增加,乙醚提取油脂EPA含量是直接甲脂化法的2.3倍,正己烷提取所得油脂EPA含量是直接甲脂化法的2.08倍。     

龙虎斑鱼肌肉营养成分分析

对龙虎斑鱼的肌肉进行营养成分分析和肉质评价,结果表明,龙虎斑鱼新鲜肌肉中粗脂肪质量分数4.18%,粗蛋白质量分数17.05%,粗灰分质量分数1.24%,水分质量分数80.19%.肌肉蛋白质中共检测出氨基酸种类有17 种,占新鲜肌肉样品的质量分数为17.88%;7 种必需氨基酸（EAA）占新鲜肌肉样品的质量分数为7.79%,占氨基酸总量的43.57%;4 种鲜味氨基酸（DAA）占新鲜肌肉样品的质量分数为6.17%,占氨基酸总量的34.51%;必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）为101.35,其氨基酸组成比例符合FAO/WHO 标准.新鲜肌肉中共检测出脂肪酸种类有14 种.其中7 种饱和脂肪酸（SFA）占总脂肪酸的质量分数为47.29%;4 种单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）占总脂肪酸的质量分数为18.86%;3 种多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）占总脂肪酸的质量分数为33.86%,DHA 质量分数占脂肪酸总量的30.24%.龙虎斑鱼营养价值较高,海鲜味浓郁.     

我国的麒麟菜栽培事业

麒麟菜是一种经济价值较高的热带性海藻，全世界分布情况是以赤道为中心向南北延伸，我国只见于南海的部份地区如海南岛、西沙群岛及台湾省等海区(1)。这种海藻在海南岛和西沙群岛都称为石花菜，意思是生长在石花(珊瑚)上的一种蔬菜。我国劳动人民在很久以前就开始研究和利用这种海藻了。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Relationship of Arctic sea ice and Northern Hemispheric 500 hPa Polar vortices

Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly 500 hPa height data on a 2.5 latitude-longitude grid and 1°×1° sea ice data,the polar vortex area,intensity index and arctic sea ice area index are calculated respectively,and the meridional distribution,period variation and the abrupts in the long range trend are analyzed to study their relationship.The results show that the meridional distribution of sea ice and polar vortex h-ave distinctive difference,the relative positions of them are different in the eastern and western hemispheres,and exept they have periods of 4 months,quasi half year,quasi year,4-5 years and 10 years commonly,and each of them has its own respective variation as well.The sea ice area is decreasing apparently since 1980's,so is the polar vortex area,but their abrupt changge time are different totally.The area of sea ice and polar vortex has prominent positive correlation,but the relationship of sea ice intensity,polar vortex intensity,polar vortex area is complicated.     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Author Index for Journal of Mountain Science Volume 11,2014,pp 1-1656

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