南海蝶参科(棘皮动物:海参纲:平足目)——新记录属和一新记录种

通过整理近年来中国科学院海洋研究所采集的深海海参标本,发现了"蛟龙"号载人潜水器在南海珍贝海山水深2463m处采集的1号蝶参科标本,经鉴定为一个新记录属底游参属Benthodytes Théel, 1882的一个新记录种西伯加底游参Benthodytes sibogae Sluiter, 1901。西伯加底游参与底游参属其他物种的显著差异在于其背部有5—6对大疣,沿背部步带区近乎对称的排列为两行。本文对新记录种的外部形态特征进行了详细的描述,与该种的模式标本进行了分类学讨论,提出背部大疣的数量及排列方式为该属物种区分的重要依据。在对骨片进行超微结构研究时发现,该种背部疣足的骨片与背部和腹部体壁骨片在大小、中央突起的高度和分叉部位上有较大差异,此前的报道未对疣足骨片进行过描述,本文对此进行了补充。     

东海自由生活线虫两新种

描述了采自东海陆架沉积物中自由生活线虫Hopperia和Nemanema属的两个新种。新种大化感器霍帕线虫主要特征是螺旋形化感器5圈,较大;弓形交接刺近端宽大具有中肋,延伸至三分之一处;引带具有弯曲的引带突;6个乳突状的肛前辅器;锥柱状尾具有膨大的末端和尾端刚毛。新种小线虫的主要特征是身体大小是属内最小的;具有较大的椭圆形化感器;尾锥状;交接刺细,具有腹面翼膜,近端弯钩状;引带环形;1个肛前辅器乳突状,其上着生3条刚毛。更新完善了Hopperia属17个种的二岐检索表。     

中国福建省红树林湿地中自由生活海洋线虫(联体线虫科)的2个新种

本文描述了中国福建省红树林湿地中自由生活海洋线虫的2个新种。Sabatieria conicoseta sp.nov.的主要特征是：具有短的锥形体刚毛、12-15个管状的肛前附器以及长度为12-15 μm的直的引带突起。Dorylaimopsis papilla sp.nov.的主要特征是：交接器中部具有角质化带状隔膜,近端头状具一小钩,其长度为肛门所在位置体直径的1.5–1.8倍,具有长度为37-40μm的背尾指向的引带突起。泄殖孔前具16-18个微型乳突状的肛前附器。     

One new free-living marine nematode species of genus Cephalanticoma from the South China Sea

One new species of free-living marine nematode Cephalanticoma brevicaudata sp. nov. from the South China Sea is described. Cephalanticoma brevicaudata sp. nov. is characterized by spindle body with relatively short tail; head with cephalic capsule; three teeth at anterior of pharynx; excretory pore opens posterior to cervical setae; three cervical setae per file; spicules arcuate, cephalate and ventrally bent proximally, and blunt distally, 1.8 a.b.d. long, without ventral ala; gubernaculun slender, simple rod, without apophyses; tubular supplement 34 μm long, 2.3 a.b.d. in front of cloaca.     

粤东-闽南沿岸海域上升流区软水母亚纲一新种和一新记录的记述

报道了2009年5月在粤东-闽南上升流区发现软水母亚纲（Leptomedusae Haeckel,1866）一新种,大腺触丝水母（Lovenella macrogonaLin,XuetHuang,sp.nov.）和我国海域一新记录,脆弱似杯水母[Phi-alella fragilis（Uchida,1938）].大腺触丝水母,新种的鉴别特征如下：伞半球形,外伞上有分散刺细胞,4个大的生殖腺,卵圆形,在辐管中部;4条主辐触手,触手球背部有块状黑色素,具有6~8对侧丝;4个大的间辐位缘疣,球形,具排泄乳突,背部有黑色素分布;24个平衡囊,每个平衡囊具1个平衡石.     

Observations on Gastrotricha from a sandy beach in southeastern Australia,with a description of Halichaetonotus australis sp. nov. (Gastrotricha,Chaetonotida)

Several species of Gastrotricha were found among samples of nematodes extracted from a sandy ocean beach, South Broulee beach, in southeastern Australia. One of these Gastrotricha turned out to be a species new to science which is described as Halichaetonotus australis sp. nov. in this study. Although the spines of the hydrofoil scales resemble those of the cosmopolitan H. aculifer, a distinctive feature of the new species is the presence of three prominent posterior dorsal spines. These are exaggerations of the keels found on the dorsal overlapping scales that cover the dorsal surfaces of the head, neck, and trunk. The spines are almost as long as the rami of the terminal furca. H. australis sp. nov. also resembles H. marivagus, but differs in lacking both a cephalion and hypostomion. Freeze drying is introduced as a preparation method for scanning electron microscopy of Gastrotricha.     

Integrative taxonomic description of Plakina kanaky,a new polychromatic sponge species from New Caledonia (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha)

Four similar sponges of different colors, all unknown to science, were collected in submarine caves of New Caledonia. We aimed at determining whether the four chromotypes represented different species or phenotypic variations of a unique new species. We used an integrative taxonomic approach combining morphologic, molecular and metabolomic analyses. The main traits that define these specimens are a skeleton made of monolophose, trilophose and tetralophose calthrops only, high chemical diversity and a high abundance and diversity of prokaryotic symbionts. The symbiotic community includes two unique prokaryote morphotypes, which are described for the first time in Homoscleromorpha, and appeared to be vertically transmitted. Although several features slightly differ among chromotypes, the most parsimonious conclusion was to propose a single new species Plakina kanaky sp. nov. Our phylogenetic analysis indicated the paraphyly of the Plakina genus, with P. kanaky sp. nov. belonging to a clade that includes Plakina jani and Plakina trilopha. The present work demonstrates that integrative taxonomy should be used in order to revise the entire Plakinidae family and especially the non‐monophyletic genus Plakina.     

Ultrastructure study of the diatom——Ⅱ. Synedra, Cyclophora, Plagiogramma, Opephora, Fragilaria and Pseudostaurosira

Ｕｌｔｒａｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｔｈｅｄｉａｔｏｍ──Ⅱ．Ｓｙｎｅｄｒａ，Ｃｙｃｌｏｐｈｏｒａ，Ｐｌａｇｉｏｇｒａｍｍａ，Ｏｐｅｐｈｏｒａ，ＦｒａｇｉｌａｒｉａａｎｄＰｓｅｕｄｏｓｔａｕｒｏｓｉｒａ￥ＬｉｕＳｈｉｃｈｅｎｇ（Ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ...     

Descriptions of four new species of the genus Reticunassa Iredale, 1936 (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) from the northeastern coast of Taiwan Island and the South China Sea

In the present study, four new species of the genus Reticunassa Iredale, 1936 collected from Chinese waters are described and illustrated. Reticunassa hugokooli sp. nov., Reticunassa jungi sp. nov. and Reticunassa aureolineata sp. nov. were collected from the northeastern coast of Taiwan Island, whereas Reticunassa fuscofasciata sp. nov. was collected from the northeastern coast of Taiwan Island and the South China Sea. The four new species can be distinguished conchologically from other congeners mainly in protoconch, shell shape, sculpture, and coloration. These findings demonstrate that the biodiversity of this group in China might be largely underestimated.     

厦门岛附近自由生活海洋线虫的研究—联体线虫科的变异毛咽线虫和异毛联体线虫新种

本文地发现于厦门大学海滩潮间带泥基质区两种联体线虫科（Comesomatidae Filipjev,1918)的虫种进行了描述，异毛联体线虫新种（Paracomesoma xiamenense sp.nov.)由于其第二圈感觉毛的长度相同，并且比第三圈头感觉毛短；交合刺两根不等长并有两列、每列28－30个肛前乳突以及肛后的柄状乳突等特征使得该种成为一个新种。变异毛咽线虫（Dorylaimopsis variabilis Vincx,1997)的侧边分化的纵列刻痕；弓形的交合剂、突出的背尾侧骨突和14个肛前乳突等特征同Vincx(1997)的描述相近，但某些测量的数值有差别。本文并给出了异毛联体线虫属新的双歧式检索表。     

中国马尾藻属的研究 Ⅵ.斯氏种群的四个新种

对中国真马尾藻亚属SubgenusSargassum刺托组SectionAcanthocarpicae宾德系SeriesBinderiana斯氏种群SpeciesgroupSwartzia的研究中，发现该种群新种4个，它们是原始马尾藻SargassumprimitivumTsengetLusp．nov，模式标本于1992年4月10日采自海南省文昌县，模式标本号AST92－0296；海南马尾藻SargassumhainanenseTsenget,Lusp．nov，模式标本于1955年3月25日采自海南省文昌县清澜港，模式标本号AST55－0714；文昌马尾藻SargassumwenchangenseTsengetLusp．nov，模式标本于1958年6月22日采自海南省文昌县，模式标本号A5T58－6059；微小马尾藻SARGASSUMPUSILLUMTsengetLusp.nov，模式标本于1955年4月28日采自广西涠洲岛，模式标本号AST55－1973。     

中国绒扇藻属(钙扇藻科Udoteaceae,绿藻门 Chlorophyta)的新种和新记录

绒扇藻属(Avrainvillea)藻体广泛分布于热带、亚热带海洋，尤其盛产于珊瑚礁上。因此，该属种类的分布在很大程度上受海区的限制。绒扇藻属的主要特征是藻体深绿色，褐绿色或黑褐色，基部是由假根状丝体相互交织，构成固着器，固着在礁石上。叶柄单生或具有多次分裂。叶片单个或多个，形状不一，多数为扇形，长圆形，肾形到扁压。藻体不钙化，通常黄色或褐色。二叉状分枝，基部常常缢缩，似念珠状或念珠状。皮层丝体无明显分化或具假皮层。关于绒扇藻属海藻的分类研究，至今为止，已发现23个种。 关于中国绒扇藻属的研究，最早是C.K.Tseng(曾呈奎)于1938年在“海南岛海产绿藻研究Ⅱ”中首次报道了两种绒扇藻，即直立绒扇藻Avrainvillea erecta (Berkeley) A. Gepp et E.S.Gepp和裂片绒扇藻A.lacerata J. Agardh，而后在1983年，在曾呈奎主编的《Common Seaweeds of China》一书中，报道了上述种类，并将其产地扩大到西沙群岛。1991年，陆保仁等在“南沙群岛海区的褐藻和绿藻研究I”中，第三次报道了裂片绒扇藻，将其产地扩大到南沙群岛。最近，作者在研究中国绒扇藻属的标本时，除了己经报道的两种外，又发现该属的1个新种(西沙绒扇藻Avrainvillea xishaensis Tseng， Dong et Lu sp. nov.)和3个新记录[模糊绒扇藻A.obscura (C.Agardh)J. Agardh，和氏绒扇藻A.hollenbergii Trono，群栖绒扇藻A.amadelpha (Montagne)A. Gepp et E.S. Gepp。至今共发现了6个种，其标本均存放在中国科学院海洋研究所植物标本室。     

中国马尾藻属的研究 Ⅳ.具腺系的两个新种

对于中国马尾藻属，真马尾藻亚属滑托组Malacocarpicae（J.Ag．）Abbott，TsengetLu．总状托序亚组suhectionRacemosae,具腺系SeriesGlandulariae的种类进行了系统的研究。结果表明，中国共有具腺系3个种，除棒托马尾藻前人已经报道外，本文建立了两个新种，它们是：1．线形马尾藻，模式标本于1955年5月7日来自广东省硇洲岛，模式标本号为AST55－2259；2．钦州马尾藻，模式标本于1955年5月7日采自广西钦州湾龙门镇，模式标本号为AST55－1987。两者的模式标本均保存于中国科学院海洋研究所藻类标本室。     

On a new Siphonophora from the East China Sea and South China Sea

In the course of identifying the samples of Siphonophora from the East China Sea and South China Sea, a new Siphonophora, Vogtia microsticella sp. nov. , was noted. The new species is distinguished from other five species in the genus in nectophore as follows: Parahorse-shoe shaped with five bluntly rounded projections, the two projections below the ostium, i. e. the basal projections, approach each other. The dorsal facet is smooth without any gelatinous prominence. Smaller are the nectosac and the ostium.     

西沙群岛海洋硅藻的研究──Ⅰ．双眉藻属Amphora Ehrenberg二新种和在我国的新记录

在西沙群岛湖间带底栖硅藻的研究中发现了２个新种。Ａｍｐｈｏｒａｐｕｎｃｔａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ，Ａｍｐｈｏｒａｍｉｃｒｏｍｅｔｒｏｉｄｅｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ，１个待定种和Ａｍ．ａｆ．ｃａｓｔｅｌｌａｔａ等１４个新记录。     

中国沿岸水域养殖贝类及其养殖笼网污损苔虫7新种

拟小孔苔虫属Microporella和斑孔苔虫属Fenestrulina均隶于唇口目Cheilostomida有囊亚目Ascophorina皮壳次目 Lepraliomorpha裂孔超科Schizoporelloidea拟小孔苔虫科Microporellidae。这两个属的主要区别在于：拟小孔苔虫属具有鸟头体，而斑孔苔虫属无鸟头体。我们在研究中国沿岸水域养殖贝类及其养殖笼网的污损苔虫时发现，中国一些学者以前所报道的“纤毛拟小孔苔虫”并非 Pallas(1766)所鉴定的种，而是包括不同于纤毛拟小孔苔虫Microporella ciliata Pallas，1766的5个不同的独立种，即本文所描述的拟小孔苔虫属的5个新种：空穴拟小孔苔虫 Microporella vacuatus sp.nov.、小筛网拟小孔苔虫Microporella cribellata sp.nov.、无齿拟小孔苔虫Microporella inermis sp.nov.、异北方拟小孔苔虫 Microporella antiborealis sp.nov.和项链拟小孔苔虫 Microporella monilifera sp.nov.。这5个新种与纤毛拟小孔苔虫的主要区别是:5新种的口刺为2~6根，除无齿拟小孔苔虫的口上卵胞仅具一列边缘孔外，其他4新种卵胞前表面还有分散的穿孔；而纤毛拟小孔苔虫的口刺为6根，口上卵胞细颗粒状，无穿孔。研究中我们还发现前人所定名为“马氏斑孔苔虫”的种并非 Audouin(1826)所描述的种，而是4种不同于马氏斑孔苔虫 Fenestrulina mallusii Audouin，1826的独立种，其中两种不属于污损苔虫的范畴，另外的两种即本文所描述的斑孔苔虫属的两新种，即中华斑孔苔虫Fenestrulina Sinica sp.nov.和东方斑孔苔虫Fenestrulina orientalis sp.nov.。这两个新种与马氏斑孔苔虫的主要区别在于：两新种口刺均为4~6根，受孕个虫有2根裸露的口刺；而马氏斑孔苔虫的口刺为2~3根，受孕个虫无裸露的口刺。     

匙指虾新种记述

本文报道匙指虾二新种和一新亚种。新种为异足新米虾Neocaridinaheteropodasp nov 和紫金拟米虾Paracaridinazijinicasp nov ,新亚种为同刺新米虾Neocaridinaeuspinosahomospinasubsp nov 。     

Four new species of the lanternfish genus Diaphus (Myctophidae) from the Indo‐Pacific

Four new species of the genus Diaphus are described. Three of these are in the subgeneric group with a suborbital luminous organ and are members of the D. fulgens species group with a raised AOa₁ photophore. D. impostor sp. nov. from the Indo‐West Pacific is most similar to D. aliciae, differing in lower gill raker count and smaller size. D. wisneri sp. nov. from north of Hawaii and south Pacific lacks a luminous scale at the PLO and has a lower gill raker count than similar species. D. kora sp. nov. from north‐east of New Zealand has a large luminous scale at the PLO, and a longer Vn and lower gill raker counts than similar species. D. kapalae sp. nov. from the south‐western Pacific is most similar to D. splendidus and D. antonbruuni, from which it differs by the presence of an Ant, higher gill raker counts, and position of the VLO photophore.     

香港海区双壳类帘蛤科一新种

帘蛤科一新种——扁平美女蛤Circe(Laevicirce)hongkongensis sp.nov.系于1988年采自香港大潭湾潮下带。新种的主要特征是两壳极扁平,铰合部宽阔,区别于本亚属的其他种。     

New gastropods from deep-sea hydrocarbon seeps off West Africa

Thirteen new species of gastropods are described from the Zairov 1-2 and Biozaire 1-3 cruises to the methane seeps off the Congo River: Patellogastropoda: Paralepetopsis sasakii sp. nov. (Neolepetopsidae); Cocculiniformia: Pyropelta oluae sp. nov. and P. sibuetae sp. nov. (Pyropeltidae); Tentaoculus granulatus sp. nov. (Pseudococculinidae); Neomphalina: Leptogyra costellata sp. nov. (Family uncertain); Vetigastropoda: Puncturella similis sp. nov. (Fissurellidae); Lepetodrilus shannonae sp. nov. (Lepetodrilidae); Caenogastropoda: Provanna reticulata sp. nov. and P. chevalieri sp. nov., Cordesia provannoides gen. et sp. nov. (Provannidae); Phymorhynchus coseli sp. nov. and P. cingulata sp. nov. (Conidae); Heterobranchia: Hyalogyrina rissoella sp. nov. (Hyalogyrinidae). All species except T. granulatus (from a settlement trap) belong to groups known from cold seeps and the entire seep fauna here is new to science. Biogeographical affinity of this gastropod fauna is to the West Atlantic seeps, not to the Mediterranean seeps or Mid-Atlantic vents. Fragments of the autecology of the species are presented. The evolution of the seep gastropod fauna is briefly discussed and a continuous immigration of taxa is supported. The oldest verified occurrences of modern taxa in the seeps date back to Cenomanian (Cretaceous) time, while some taxa seem not to appear until very late Tertiary.