Titanium,Ti, A New Mineral Species from Luobusha,Tibet, China

We describe the new mineral species titanium,ideally Ti,found in the podiform chromitites of the Luobusha ophiolite in Tibet,People’s Republic of China.The irregular crystals range from 0.1 to 0.6 mm in diameter and form an intergrowth with coesite and kyanite.Titanium is silver grey in colour,the luster is metallic,it is opaque,the streak is grayish black,and it is non-fluorescent.The mineral is malleable,has a rough to hackly fracture and has no apparent cleavage.The estimated Mohs hardness is 4,and the calculated density is 4.503 g/cm3.The composition is Ti 99.23-100.00 wt%.The mineral is hexagonal,space group P63 /mmc.Unit-cell parameters are a 2.950(2),c 4.686(1),V 35.32(5) 3,Z = 2.The five strongest powder diffraction lines [d in(hkl)(I/I0)] are: 2.569(010)(32),2.254(011)(100),1.730(012)(16),1.478(110)(21),and 0.9464(121)(8).The species and name were approved by the CNMNC(IMA 2010–044).     

雪宝顶绿柱石的谱学研究

本文对雪宝顶绿柱石的晶体化学、矿物谱学、热释光和流体包裹体特征等进行了分析讨论。结果表明,雪宝顶绿柱石化学成分具有富碱、富水、过渡金属离子以Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｆｅ＾２＋为主的特点。碱金属离子,水和Ｆ＾２＋存在于绿柱石结构隧道中,隧道水分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两类,Ⅰ型水可以进一步区分为Ⅰ１和Ⅰ２两亚类,Ｆｅ＾２＋主要与隧道水结合形成水合离子「Ｆｅ＾２＋（Ｈ２Ｏ）」。Ｆｅ＾３＋主要占位于绿柱石ＡｌＯ６八面体中的Ａｌ     

Naquite,FeSi, a New Mineral Species from Luobusha,Tibet, Western China

A new mineral species, named naquite(FeSi), is found in the podiform chromitites of the Luobusha ophiolite in Qusong County, Tibet, China. The detailed composition is Fe 65.65, Si 32.57 and Al 1.78 wt%. The mineral is cubic, space group P213. The irregular crystals range from 15 to 50 μm in diameter and form an intergrowth with luobusaite. Naquite is steel grey in color, opaque, with a metallic lustre and gives a grayish-black streak. The mineral is brittle, has a conchoidal fracture and no apparent cleavage. The estimated Mohs hardness is 6.5, and the calculated density is 6.128 g/cm3. Unit-cell parameters are a 4.486 (4) ?, V 90.28 (6) ?3, Z=4. The five strongest powder diffraction lines [d in ? (hkl) (I/I0)] are: 3.1742 (110) (40), 2.5917(111) (43), 2.0076 (210) (100), 1.8307 (211) (65), and 1.1990 (321) (36). Originally called ‘fersilicite’, the species and new name have now been approved by the CNMNC (IMA 2010–010).     

新矿物——汉江石

新矿物汉江石的理想分子式为Ba2CaV23＋[（Si3AlO10）（OH）2]F（CO3）2。矿物呈黄绿色、深绿色,显微镜下呈浅绿色、淡绿色;单斜晶系,空间群为C2,a=0.52050（12）nm,b=0.9033（2）nm,c=3.2077（8）nm,β=93.49（8）°,V=1.5054（8）nm3,Z=4;二轴晶,正延性,负光性,一组完全解理,干涉色为三级绿,多色性明显,浅绿色-黄绿-深绿色;折射率α=1.615,β=1.655,γ=1.700（589 nm）,2Vobs=114°～115°,2Vcalc=88.8°;显微硬度平均值203 kg/mm2,相当于莫氏硬度4;实测密度平均3.69 g/cm3,计算密度3.78 g/cm3。X射线粉晶衍射的强谱线有1.5866 nm（7）（002）、0.5340 nm（91）（006）、0.4010 nm（10）（ī14）、0.3209 nm（23）（027）、0.2676 nm（100）（ī110）、0.2294 nm（29）（ī37）和0.2008 nm（11）（228）。汉江石的晶体结构由硅酸盐结构单元TOT（二八面体型）和碳酸盐结构单元Ba2Ca（CO3）2F交替组成,可能有3个多型,即1M型,2M型和3T型。     

西南三江普朗铜矿岩浆混合作用:矿物学和地球化学证据

岩浆混合作用是近年来岩石学研究中的热点与难点,其研究对揭示壳幔相互作用,探讨成岩成矿过程具有重要意义。普朗铜矿位于西南三江义敦岛弧南段,是我国近年来发现的超大型斑岩铜矿床。矿体产于复式岩体中,复式岩体内发育大量暗色微粒包体。包体粒度较细,多呈椭圆形,其内可见具暗色矿物镶边的眼球状石英、针状磷灰石以及具有结构与成分不平衡现象的斜长石斑晶;与寄主岩相比,包体富集黑云母、角闪石等暗色矿物。主量元素组成上,包体相对于寄主岩Si O2(53.67%~61.50%)含量较低,Mg O(3.12%~5.40%)和Fe2OT3(3.38%~9.00%)含量较高。微量元素结果显示,包体与寄主岩具有相似的微量元素组成与稀土元素配分模式,均表现为富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Ba、Sr),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Hf、P、Ti),无明显的δCe异常,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损;但与寄主岩相比,包体具有较高的稀土元素总量(119.0×10-6~308.9×10-6)与较明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.56~0.95)。以上结果表明,包体为岩浆混合作用的产物。文章进一步采用多重分形理论解析了包体中Mg、Fe、Ca、Al、K、Ti、P及Ba等元素的分布特征,定量刻画了岩浆混合作用的程度。结果表明,元素分布的多重分形谱越宽,关联维越小,则岩浆混合程度越高。     

A New Sauropod, Gongxianosaurus, from the Lower Jurassic of Sichuan, China

The paper describes an early and primitive sauropod dinosaur, Gongxianosaurus shibeiensis (gen. et sp. nov.), from the Dongyuemiao Member of the Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in Shibei Township, Gongxian County, Sichuan Province, China, which is one of the 5 dinosaur fossils discovered in Gongxian in 1997. Except the skull which is incomplete, the fossils are well preserved. It has some features of both sauropods and prosauropods. It is an intermediate type in the evolution of dinosaurs from prosauropods to sauropods and provides materials for the study of the origin and evolution of the sauropod dinosaur fauna. The discovery of this new sauropod furnishes a way for the stratigraphic correlation between the Early Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in the Sichuan basin and the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation in the Central Yunnan basin.     

Jichengite 3CuIr2S4·(Ni, Fe)9S8, a New Mineral, and Its Crystal Structure

A new mineral, jichengite ideally 3CuIr2S4·(Ni,Fe)9S8, was found as a constituent of placer concentrates at a branch of the Luanhe River, about 220 km NNE of Beijing. Its associated minerals are chromite, magnetite, ilmenite, zircon, native gold, iridium, ferrian platinum and osmium. The placer is distributed at places around ultrabasic rock, which hosts chromite orebodies, from which PGM originated. Jichengite occurs commonly as massive or granular aggregates. No perfect morphology of jichengite was observed. It is steel gray and opaque with metallic luster and black streak. It has a Mohs hardness of 5, VHN (d) μm 21.65, Hm 4.465, Hv = 268.1 N/um2. It is brittle and weakly magnetic. Cleavage {010} is rarely observed. No fracture was observed. Density could not be measured because of its too small grain size. Density (calc.) is 7.003 g/cm3. Reflect light is reddish-brown, without internal reflections. Anisotropism is distinct with grayish or yellowish white in crossed nicols and bluish violet-copper red in uncrossed nicols. Jichengite shows weak pleochroism and strong bireflectance. The reflectance values in air at the Standard Commission on Ore Mineralogy wavelengths are: 38.9, 34.3 at 470 nm, 38.9, 34.5 at 546 nm, 39.1, 35.3 at 590 nm, 39.2, 36.8 at 650 nm, parallel-axial extinction. The six strongest lines in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in ?, (I), (hkl)] are: 3.00 (100) (116), 2.80 (50) (205), 2.48. (50) (208), 1.916 (40) (2, 1, 10), 1.765 (60) (220), 1.753 (50) (2, 0, 16). Five chemical analyses carried out, yielding the following results: S 25.76 (25.49-5.97), Fe 10.03 (9.78-10.31), Co 0.78 (0.75-0.81), Ni 12.48 (12.32-12.85), Cu 4.77 (4.69-4.83), Ir 46.98(46.14-47.89), sum 100.80wt%, which produced a formula (Cu1.556Fe0.976)2.532(Ir5.063S10.126)·(Fe2.7451Ni4.404Co0.273)7.422S6.517. The ideal formula is X10Ir5S17.5, which was calculated by single crystal structure analyses, where X = Cu(II) + Fe(II) + Ni(II) + Co(II). The single crystal data were collected using a diffractometer with Mo Ka radiation and a graphite monochromate. The crystal system is trigonal with space group R3m and unit cell parameters a=7.0745(14) ?, c=34.267(10) ? (The superstructure not found), and the final R Indices [with 564 observed reflections, I>2sigma (I)] are R1=0.0495, wR2=0.1349. The specimens are deposited in the Geological Museum of China.     

新疆准噶尔盆地中侏罗世Sphenobaiera（楔拜拉）一新种

报道了新疆准噶尔盆地西部玛纳斯及白杨河中侏罗世西山窑组（J₂x）银杏类楔拜拉属的一个新种--准噶尔楔拜拉（Sphenobaiera junggarensis sp. nov.）的首次发现。该新种以表皮构造为双面气孔式、上表皮气孔少、下表皮气孔密度大、孔缝基本定向、普通表皮细胞具不规则角质化隆丘及气孔器保卫细胞角质化放射纹之间发育有梳状“细耙”等特征,区别于楔拜拉属已知种。 还讨论了该新种的发现在研究楔拜拉属的分类及其古气候等方面的意义。     

青海祁漫塔格地区矽卡岩型矿床花岗质岩石矿物学及地质意义

青海祁漫塔格地区位于东昆仑造山带西段,是我国近些年来的重点找矿地区之一。本文对区内与虎头崖矿床I矿带(Fe)、野马泉矿床(Fe)、虎头崖矿床VI矿带(Zn)和卡而却卡矿床B区(Cu)有关的花岗质岩石开展了矿物学研究。结果显示,虎头崖矿床I矿带的斜长石以奥长石为主(An15.0-24.1);虎头崖矿床VI矿带的斜长石主要为钠长石和奥长石(An8.7-20.8);卡而却卡矿床B区的斜长石主要是中长石(An33.8-42.2);野马泉矿床的斜长石主要为奥长石和中长石(An26.2-48.4)。角闪石为典型的钙角闪石,其中,虎头崖矿床I矿带的角闪石属铁浅闪石;卡而却卡矿床B区的角闪石为镁角闪石和铁角闪石。各矿床(带)的黑云母普遍富Fe、Ti、F、Cl,属典型的铁黑云母。矿物学特征显示,各矿床(带)的黑云母结晶于相似的高氧逸度条件下,但在结晶温度和挥发份组成等方面存在差异。黑云母的结晶温度和氧逸度特征与各矿床类型之间未表现出明显的规律性特征。结合前人的研究成果可知,岩浆结晶的温度和氧逸度可能不是控制本区矽卡岩矿床成矿作用类型的主要因素。黑云母的挥发份组成与各成矿元素间表现出明显的规律性特征,其中,以Fe为主的虎头崖矿床I矿带和野马泉矿床的岩浆流体特征基本一致,表现出相对富Cl、贫H2O、F的特点;以Zn为主的虎头崖矿床VI矿带的岩浆流体相对富F贫H2O、Cl;以Cu为主的卡而却卡矿床B区的岩浆流体相对富Cl、H2O贫F,说明岩浆流体不同的挥发份组成可能与不同的矿床类型之间存在密切的联系。综合地质特征和矿物学特征可知,岩浆流体的挥发份组成可能是控制青海祁漫塔格地区矽卡岩矿床成矿作用类型多样性的重要因素之一。     

Retraction：A New Species of Mongolarachnidae from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China

正Objective Mongolarachnidae are large netted spiders,livingin tropical and subtropical regions. The earliest fossil record is Nephila jurassica,which was discovered from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Daohugou,Ningcheng City,Inner Mongolia of China.The type specimen of N.jurassicais female was the largest fossil     

A New Genus and Species of Sapeornithidae from Lower Cretaceous in Western Liaoning, China

Sapeornithidae is a basal pygostylian family of Early Cretaceous primitive birds, in which only one genus and species, Sapeornis chaoyangensis, was reported before. This paper deals with a new genus and species of this family, Didactylornis jii gen. et sp. nov., which was unearthed from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning. According to our phylogenetic analyses, both Didactylornis gen. nov. and Sapeornis form a sister group, which is basal to the clade formed by Confuciusornis and all the more derived birds, and more closely related to the short-tailed pygostylian birds than to the long-tailed avialian birds. The early history of pygostylian birds is poorly documented except for the studies of Confuciusornis and Sapeornis. The discovery ofDidactylornisjii gen. et sp. nov. adds the new material for the study on the early evolution of birds.     

A New Species of Septuconularia (Hexangulaconulariidae, Cnidaria) from Cambrian Stage 2, South China

Hexangulaconulariids, an extinct family of medusozoan small shelly fossils (SSFs), were a conspicuous component of early Cambrian, shallow marine platform communities in South China. Described herein is Septuconularia crassiformis sp. nov. from Bed 5 of the Yanjiahe Formation (Cambrian Stage 2) in the Three Gorges area of Hubei Province. The new species differs from the type and only other known species, S. yanjiaheensis, in the shape of the abapical portion and in the degree of curvature of the adapertural margin. The anatomy of the apical portion of the new species is unknown. The diagnosis of the genus Septuconularia is emended and the spatio-temporal distribution of hexangulaconulariids in South China is summarized. Finally, S. yanjiaheensis, with its slit-like aperture and very narrow transverse cross-section, may have been better adapted to the shallow platform environment than the broader S. crassiformis, which appears to have been less common than the type species.     

川南滇北含自然铜杏仁状玄武岩的矿物组合与成因

峨眉山玄武岩铜矿与基韦诺超大型铜矿相似,杏仁状玄武岩中的自然铜矿石就是该类型铜矿床中的主要组成部分之一,本文称其为"杏仁体式"自然铜矿床。通过矿石矿物标型特征、矿物组合特征以及固溶体分离结构特征等分析研究,认为川南滇北"杏仁体式"自然铜矿为火山热液矿床,形成于低温还原环境,成矿作用发生在岩浆作用结束期及间歇期热液阶段,成矿经历过热液蚀变改造。铜矿物生成顺序为:自然铜→斑铜矿、辉铜矿、黄铜矿→赤铜矿、黑铜矿、孔雀石等。玄武岩中广泛分布的沥青与自然铜同时形成,并为自然铜及铜的硫化物的形成提供了强还原环境。沥青形成温度和斑铜矿-辉铜矿的固溶体分解温度将自然铜形成温度区间限定为290~225℃。     

Mineral paragenesis of the Kalahari managanese field, South Africa

The mineralogy of the managanese ores of the giant Paleoproterozoic Kalahari manganese deposit of the Transvaal Supergroup has been subject of many studies and up to now 135 different ore and gangue minerals have been described, of which eight represent new mineral species. Through correlation of different mineral assemblages with specific geological events and by determining relative ages of minerals in outcrop, hand specimen and under the microscope an attempt is made in this publication to construct a paragenetic sequence for this complex mineral assemblage. Sedimentation and early diagenesis of the Hotazel Formation, composed of interbedded iron formation and braunite lutite, was followed by low-grade metamorphism and associated stratabound metasomatism. Braunite lutite of sedimentary origin, comprising 97% of the total ore reserve, is composed of braunite, hematite and kutnahorite, and abundant early diagenetic kutnahorite and manganoan calcite forming laminae and ovoids. Fluid flow during late diagenesis or lower greenschist facies metamorphism led to stratabound metasomatic oxidation of Mn-bearing carbonates to hausmannite and Mn-poor calcite. Three structurally controlled hydrothermal alteration events succeed metamorphism. These events are referred to as Wessels, Mamatwan and Smartt events. The Wessels alteration event is the oldest of the three events and it is of great economic importance because virtually all of the high-grade ore (> 42% Mn), 3% of the total ore reserve, formed during this event through alteration of carbonate-rich low-grade Mamatwan-type ore (braunite lutite) to high-grade, carbonate-poor Wessels-type manganese ore. This Wessels hydrothermal alteration event took place in the northwestern part of the Kalahari deposit, associated with a system of major north-south- and minor east-west-striking normal faults. The Mamatwan alteration event is observed throughout the Kalahari manganese deposit but alteration is very localized. Reduction halos and discolouration of braunite lutite around fracture or joint-hosted sulphide-carbonate mineralization are typical of the Mamatwan alteration event. In contrast, the Smartt alteration event is characterized by oxidation of braunite lutite and the formation of todorokite and manganomelane. Syn- and Post-Kalahari supergene alteration has taken place below the suboutcrop of the Hotazel Formation against the calcretized sediments of the Cenozoic Kalahari Formation. Cryptomelane and pyrolusite are the predominant products of surficial weathering.     

四川平武板状绿柱石矿物学特征及板状成因

在综合该区绿柱石产出背景的基础上,从围岩蚀变、矿物共生组合、矿物标型形态和绿柱石测温测压等方面确定平武绿柱石矿床是气成高温浅成石英脉型矿床。文中对绿柱石矿物进行了湿法化学分析、X射线粉晶衍射分析、微形貌分析,研究了该区绿柱石的形态、物性、化学成分及类质同象特征,确定该区绿柱石为板状晶形的含铯钠锂绿柱石,碱金属平均质量分数为2.412%(Li2O+Na2O+K2O+ Rb2O+Cs2O)。板状含碱绿柱石一般发育在伟晶岩中,气成高温热液矿床中产出板状含碱绿柱石极为罕见。在以上工作基础上,从绿柱石形成的内因和外因两方面探讨了绿柱石的板状成因。     

Lisiguangite, CuPtBiS3, a New Platinum-Group Mineral from the Yanshan Mountains, Hebei, China

Lisiguangite, CuPtBiS3, is a new mineral spedes discovered in a PEG-bearing, Co-Cu sulfide vein in garnet pyroxenite of the Yanshan Mountains, Chengde Prefecture, Hebei Province, China. It is associated with chaicopyrite and bornite, galena, minor pyrite, carrolite, molybdenite and the platinum-group minerals daomanite (CuPtAsS2), Co-bearing malanite (Cu(Pt, Co)2S4) sperrylite, moncheite, cooperite and malyshevite (CuPdBiS3), rare damiaoite (Pt2In3) and yixunite (Pt3In). Lisiguangite occurs as idiomorphic crystals, tabular or lamellae (010) and elongated [100] or as aggregates, up to 2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide. The mineral is opaque, has lead-gray color, black streak and metallic luster. The mineral is non-fluorescent. The observed morphology displays the following forms: pinacoids {100}, {010}, {001}, and prism {110}. No twining is observed. The a:b:c ratio, calculated from unit-cell parameters, is 0.6010:1:0.3836. Cleavage: {010} perfect, {001} distinct, {100} may be visible. H Mohs: 21/2; VHN25=46.7-49.8 (mean 48.3) kg/mm2. Tenacity: brittle. Lisiguangite is bright white with a yellowish tint. In reflected light it shows neither internal reflections nor bireflectance or pleochroism. It has weak to moderate anisotropy (blue-greenish to brownish) and parallel-axial extinction. The reflectance values in air (and in oil) for R3, R4 and (imR3,/imR4), at the standard Commission on Ore Mineralogy wavelengths are: 37.5, 35.7 (23.4, 22.3) at 470 nm; 38.6, 36.5 (23.6, 22.6) at 546 nm; 39.4, 37.5 (23.6, 22.7) at 589 nm and 40.3, 38.2 (23.7, 22.9) at 650 nm. The average of eight electron-microprobe analyses: Cu 12.98, Pt 30.04, Pd 2.69, Bi 37.65 and S 17.55, totaling 100.91%, corresponding to Cu1.10(Pt0.83, Pd0.14)∑0.97Bi0.97S2.96 based on six atoms apfu. The ideal formula is CuPtBiS3. The mineral is orthorhombic. Space group: P212121,a=7.7152(15)A, b=12.838(3) A, c=4.9248(10)A, V=487.80(17)A3, Z=4. The six strongest lines in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in A (I) (h k l) are 6.40(30)(020), 3.24(80)(031), 3.03(100)(201), 2.27(40)(051), 2.14(50)(250), 1.865(60)(232).     

Retraction Statement: A New Species of Mongolarachnidae from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning,China

The following article from Acta Geologica Sinica‐English Edition, published online on 27 February 2019 in Wiley Online Library ( http://wileyonlinelibrary.com ), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the Journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Zengqian Hou and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. The retraction has been agreed because the research finding of the article cannot be validated using another methodology, and the conclusion drawn is unreliable. Reference Cheng, X., Liu, S., Huang, W., Liu, L., Li, H., and Li, Y., 2019. A New Species of Mongolarachnidae from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 93(1): 227–228. doi: 10.1111/1755-6724.13780     

叶绿矾矿物中的新超结构

叶绿矾是具有岛状基本结构的硫酸盐类矿物,对产于新疆东天山北部红山矿区硫化物矿床氧化带中的叶绿矾进行单晶衍射实验发现,该叶绿矾具有明显的超结构弱衍射点,利用包括弱衍射点在内的全部可观察点求得的超晶胞参数为:a=1.49441(7)nm,b=1.83429(9)nm,c=1.14507(6)nm,α=93.2390(10)°,β=112.0330(10)°,γ=98.2800(10)°,V=2.8583(2)nm3,空间群为P1,Z=3。去掉弱衍射点后利用强衍射点得到的最小亚晶胞参数是a=0.737121(4)nm,b=1.83079(11)nm,c=0.73106(4)nm,α=93.9250(10)°,β=102.7252(10)°,γ=98.9463(10)°,V=0.947321(2)nm3,空间群为P1,Z=1。超晶胞与亚晶胞相比体积增加了2倍,其b轴的方向和大小基本不变,a和c轴产生了差异。该叶绿矾的晶体化学式为Fe0.656Fe4(SO4)6(OH)2·19.4H2O,属高铁叶绿矾。结构中,部分Fe-O八面体和SO4四面体联合形成的复合链,并沿[102]方向分布,形成一种稳定的骨干结构;部分孤立Fe-O八面体,位于链间,阳离子相当于晶体化学式中A位置的离子,通常有缺失。链和孤立八面体的分布均平行(010)面网,分别构成链层和八面体层,并按2∶1的比例堆垛,结构单元之间全部由氢键相连。超结构产生的原因是电价补偿机制造成的孔道中Fe的位置分离和占位差异造成。     

REE Characteristics of a New Uranium Mineral from the Xianshi Uranium Deposit,South China

正Objective Galuskin et al.(2011)firstly discovered that vorlanite(CaU~(6+/4+))O_4 is a rare Ca-rich mineral with a fluorite-type structure,which is isostructural with uraninite(U~(4+)O_2).Previous studies of the Xianshi granite-related uranium deposit reported that uraninite and pyrite are the major ore minerals whereas galena,clausthalite(PbSe),and pyrite are minor phases in the ores.A more detailed petrographic     

A New,Well-Preserved Species of Glaresidae (Coleoptera:Scarabaeoidea) from the Jehol Biota of China

<正>Glaresis orthochilus sp.nov.(Scarabaeoidea:Glaresidae),the best preserved glaresid fossil,is described and illustrated from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning province,north-east China.Glaresidae, the sister group of all extant Scarabaeoidea was established in the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous and contained larger species than those found today.