热液金刚石压腔在流体包裹体研究中的应用——以川西甲基卡伟晶岩型矿床为例

流体包裹体是赋存在矿物中的流体样品,均一实验是以其研究成岩成矿流体演化的重要步骤和内容。但某些深成岩或矿床中的流体包裹体,如我国川西甲基卡伟晶岩型锂矿中的富CO2包裹体,因具有较大的内压,当利用传统的热台在1个大气压下加热时,容易发生爆裂而无法观测到均一行为和均一温度。因此,本文利用热液金刚石压腔(HDAC),以H2O为压力介质对流体包裹体施加外压,完成了甲基卡矿床No.134号脉石英中富CO2包裹体的均一实验。实验结果表明,随着外压的增大,均一温度呈降低的趋势,说明流体包裹体在被捕获后并非严格的等容,从而警示我们以后再对深成矿床中具有高内压的流体包裹体进行显微测温时应选用HDAC以获得更为可靠准确的数据。补充富CO2包裹体的均一实验数据后,石英中的H2O-CO2-NaCl包裹体表现出良好分异现象,随着均一状态自液态CO2→CO2与H2O临界相→液态H2O相变化,均一温度和盐度也随之降低,且比锂辉石中的包裹体具有更低的盐度和更大的温度变化范围。这些热力学特征说明,在锂辉石型伟晶岩形成过程中,锂辉石和石英先后结晶,分别主要捕获富子晶包裹体和H2O-CO2-NaCl包裹体,同时Li+不断向锂辉石结晶前锋聚集,使参与流体的Li+含量降低,致使石英中流体包裹体的盐度呈现出降低的趋势。     

利用热液金刚石压腔开展扎布耶石（碳酸锂）结晶实验的研究

花岗伟晶岩一般赋存了大量富晶体包裹体,扎布耶石(碳酸锂)是锂辉石中富晶体包裹体内的主要矿物之一,因此,扎布耶石的形成机制和温压条件对富晶体包裹体的捕获条件有重要的指示意义。本文通过热液金刚石压腔(HDAC)开展Li_2CO_3-H_2O体系的结晶实验,9组实验结果表明,扎布耶石的成核温度是550(±30)℃,大约在温度降低15℃后,晶体停止快速生长,而后缓慢生长直至在400(±50)℃完全停止生长。扎布耶石的生长主要集中在550~400℃,而与压力影响不大,处于锂辉石的稳定温度范围内,这佐证了富晶体包裹体中的扎布耶石可以是捕获流体直接结晶形成的晶体。扎布耶石开始结晶后经历了快速生长,导致包裹体内部压力降低,这可能是富晶体包裹体内存在方石英的原因之一。     

A Study of Near- and Super-Critical Fluids Using Diamond Anvil Cell and in-Situ FT-IR Spectroscopy

The phase relation and solution structure of water and NaCl aqueous solution have been observed and examined by using the hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) at elevated temperatures and pressures and the in situ FT-IR spectroscopy. The temperature of observations ranges from 25 to 850° C and the pressure up to 10 or 30 kb. At first, we observed the phase transition process from halite+liquid+vapour (H+L+V) to L+H, then to L (or supercritical fluid, SCF), and another path: H+L+V? L+V? L (or SCF) in heating process. By means of the visual microscope, the authors found that in the L+V immiscibility field L+V exhibits an ordered structure, i.e. a large visual cluster of solvent around ions. The liquid phase is manifested by vapour bubbles. When phase transitions are observed, the authors examined their infrared spectra by using the FT-IR microscopy simultaneously. In the case of the phase transition from liquid (L) to liquid + vapor (L+V) immisciblity field of NaCl solutions, a sudden change (strong frequency shift) of infrared spectra of the aqueous solution is observed near the critical temperature of water as the temperature is raised from 25 to 650° C. The frequency of the maximum intensity of OH symmetric and asymmetric vibration varies with respect to temperature. The sharp peak of the OH stretching vibration of the maximum intensity appears in an interval from 300 to 400° C. It is indicated that the hydrogen bonding network is weakened and broken at last near the critical point of water, which causes the aqueous solution to become more associated. Besides, a pressure indicator (a mineral or compound) was introduced to the HDAC.     

Linkam热台与热液金刚石压腔的熔体包裹体均一实验对比研究

熔体包裹体均一实验是利用熔体包裹体研究原始岩浆演化和挥发分组成的基础。目前,开展包裹体均一温度实验的设备主要为Linkam系列的高温热台,而热液金刚石压腔(HDAC)是近年来才被应用到熔体包裹体均一实验中的。文章以义兴寨金矿床石英斑岩为例,对比研究了Linkam TS1500高温热台和HDAC在熔体包裹体均一实验应用中的优劣。利用Linkam TS1500高温热台得出熔体包裹体的均一温度范围为943~1190℃,而HDAC的测试结果为780~890℃。实验研究表明:HDAC能够在加热的同时提供接近熔体捕获条件的外压,更适于开展富挥发分的高内压熔体包裹体的均一实验。实验过程中得到的熔体包裹体固相初熔温度范围,可为估算义兴寨金矿床石英斑岩原始岩浆晚期结晶的压力提供依据。