共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
深埋隧洞爆破开挖荷载构成复杂,对围岩损伤区的孕育发展具有重要影响。利用颗粒流程序(PFC)软件,讨论了不同初始地应力状态下爆炸荷载及地应力瞬态卸载所分别诱发围岩损伤的特性,并通过锦屏2级水电站引水隧洞爆破开挖损伤区检测数据对数值模拟的结果进行了验证。研究表明,爆炸荷载和地应力瞬态卸载所诱发的围岩损伤程度和范围均随地应力量级的提高而显著增大;爆炸荷载作用条件下损伤区的分布有随着侧压力系数的增大而向应力集中区发展的趋势,而地应力瞬态卸荷所产生的围岩破坏以受拉破坏为主,表层损伤区沿开挖呈轮廓均匀分布的趋势;在相同的初始地应力状态下,爆炸荷载和地应力瞬态卸荷所分别诱发的围岩损伤区深度均明显小于实测值,考虑二者的耦合效应后,计算值与实测值基本吻合。这说明这两种荷载是高应力条件下爆破开挖荷载的主要成分,但二者耦合作用对围岩的损伤大于它们单独作用效应的线性叠加。 相似文献
2.
锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞爆破开挖损伤特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
爆破开挖导致的围岩损伤是围岩稳定性的重要影响因素。采用数值分析及现场检测的方法研究了锦屏二级引水隧洞岩体爆破开挖损伤特性。数值模拟结果表明,引水隧洞开挖引起的围岩应力重分布是围岩损伤的主要原因,爆炸荷载和应力重分布的耦合作用将增大引水隧洞围岩损伤区范围,增大的损伤深度可达1.5 m,考虑开挖荷载瞬态卸荷动态损伤效应的损伤区范围最大,较单独考虑围岩地应力准静态重分布所导致的损伤深度可增大1.9 m,平均损伤深度增大近1倍。现场检测成果较好地验证了数值模拟结果,表明爆破开挖可显著增大围岩的损伤范围。锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞开挖过程中,不可忽视爆炸荷载及开挖瞬态卸荷对围岩的损伤作用。 相似文献
3.
地下洞室开挖爆破围岩松动圈的数值分析计算 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
根据数值计算提出了在地下洞室开挖爆破中,确定围岩松动圈的方法。给出了地下洞室开挖爆破的三维弹塑性损伤有限元计算方法。该方法论述了爆破荷载、重力荷载和开挖荷载的计算、施加以及迭代的方法,可以合理反应爆破对围岩稳定的影响和锚固支护施加的效果;结合岩石松动圈的实测方法,推导了判定围岩开始松动的损伤系数阈值公式,可以结合数值计算得到的洞周围岩损伤系数分布,确定在开挖爆破作用下围岩松动圈的范围。对实际工程的分析计算表明,根据数值计算判定的围岩松动范围与实测松动范围的规律基本一致,量值吻合较好,其结果为地下洞室开挖爆破的围岩松动圈的确定提供了有效的方法。 相似文献
4.
在地下厂房岩锚梁爆破施工中,为获得良好的开挖轮廓面和较小的损伤区,常采用光面爆破的开挖方式,但在光面爆破施工中,主爆孔爆破对光爆层岩石造成较大程度的损伤,使岩石的力学参数发生变化,而在爆破设计与施工中未考虑这种损伤效应,结果造成单孔装药量偏大,岩石受到过度破坏,出现超挖或产生大量的爆振裂隙。应用动力有限元程序,建立岩体二维弹塑性模型,对不考虑损伤和考虑损伤的光面爆破过程进行了数值模拟,并比较两种模型最大有效应力随距离的变化关系。研究结果表明,在相同情况下,考虑损伤影响时可适当加大光面爆破的炮孔间距和抵抗线。在现场进行了考虑爆破损伤和未考虑爆破损伤的两组爆破试验,观察爆后效果表明:考虑爆破损伤效应的参数设计爆破效果好、损伤作用小。 相似文献
5.
高地应力条件下隧道或硐室钻爆开挖需考虑初始地应力动态卸荷效应,同时其最终损伤形态会受多个因素影响。采用三维有限差分软件FLAC3D讨论了爆破荷载与地应力动态卸荷复合作用下隧道围岩损伤分布,并重点研究了侧压力系数、岩体力学性质、卸荷速率对围岩损伤范围的影响,最后通过赣龙铁路梅花山隧道开挖损伤区检测结果进行了验证。研究表明,考虑动态卸荷效应的围岩损伤范围明显大于只考虑爆破荷载作用下的围岩损伤范围,在中高地应力条件下,初始地应力动态卸荷对围岩的损伤破坏作用不可忽视;随着侧压力系数逐渐增大,损伤区形态呈现明显的方向性,当侧压力系数为1时,损伤区沿开挖轮廓面分布较为均匀,侧压力系数不为1时,损伤区主要向小主应力方向集中;岩石力学性质越好,损伤范围越小;卸荷速率越快,围岩损伤范围越大,但影响并不十分显著。结果可为高地应力下隧道开挖稳定性分析和支护设计提供一定参考。 相似文献
6.
J. F. T. Agapito H. N. Maleki J. R. Aggson L. A. Weakly 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1984,2(2):93-105
Summary The load carrying capacity of oil shale pillars excavated by conventional blasting can be increased significantly by presplit blasting and mechanical mining. Comparisons ofin situ vertical stresses and fractures obtained from overcoring horizontal holes in the Colony Mine, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado indicate that conventional blasting causes a strength loss in a zone of damage approximately 3 m (10 ft) thick. Presplit blasting reduces damage significantly, and increases the load carrying capacity in the 3 m (10 ft) thick zone by 5.93 MPa (860 psi). Mechanical mining causes little or no rock damage, and an increase of 9.83 MPa (1425 psi) in strength in the same 3 m (10 ft) thick zone. Pillar design using presplit blasting and mechanical mining techniques can increase the extraction ratio by at least 3% and 5%, respectively, as compared to conventional blasting. It is speculated that comparable increases in extraction should also occur due to increases in span dimensions. 相似文献
7.
8.
损伤条件下深部岩体巷道光面爆破参数研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
岩体条件复杂多变,为了提高光面爆破的适应性、改善光面爆破效果,对损伤条件下深部岩体巷道光面爆破参数进行研究。通过对深部岩体巷道光爆层原岩应力场、光面爆破机制和振动损伤特征进行分析,基于爆炸应力波和爆生气体综合作用理论,考虑高原岩应力和岩石损伤影响,提出了损伤条件下深部岩体巷道光面爆破参数确定的计算方法。研究表明, (1)高原岩应力相当于提高了岩石的抗拉强度,不利于炮孔初始裂纹的形成及贯通,宜减小周边眼间距;(2)岩石损伤后,其他条件不变,光面爆破的炮孔间距和抵抗线值可适当加大;(3)高原岩应力和损伤条件下,光面爆破的炮孔间距较小时,容易造成爆后围岩损伤,降低围岩的稳定性能,因此,提高爆破效果的同时应及时加强支护,以确保施工安全和围岩稳定;(4)本文提出的光面爆破参数计算公式,经现场爆破验证效果良好,适用于复杂多变的岩体环境。 相似文献
9.
考虑累积损伤效应的围岩变形特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
隧道爆破开挖诱发的动力扰动作用范围往往远大于其开挖进尺,同一部位围岩受到循环爆破开挖的多次扰动普遍存在累积损伤。对乌东德水电站左岸导流洞爆破开挖过程中的爆破振动和围岩变形监测进行了监测和数值分析,基于累积损伤理论,通过引入损伤判据及损伤变量,考虑计算中产生的不同程度的损伤区域的岩体参数劣化,并将劣化后的参数引入相应损伤单元进行后续开挖爆破数值模拟计算,从而对岩体爆破开挖累积损伤效应进行模拟。通过比较乌东德水电站导流洞的实测数据以及数值模拟计算结果发现,考虑累积损伤的计算结果无论是爆破振动速度还是围岩变形均更接近于实测值。对爆破开挖的分析模拟中应考虑围岩的多次循环爆破累积损伤效应。 相似文献
10.
Considering different mechanical cutting tools for excavation of rock, drilling and blasting is said to be inexpensive and
at the same time most acceptable and compatible to any geo-excavation condition. Depending upon strength properties of in-situ
rock mass, characteristics of joint pattern and required quality of blasting, control blasting techniques viz., pre-split
and smooth blasting are commonly implemented to achieve an undamaged periphery rock-wall. To minimize magnitude of damage
or overbreak, the paper emphasized that in-situ stresses and re-distribution of stresses during the process of excavation
should be considered prior to selection of explosive parameters and implementation of any suitable blast pattern. Rock structure
being not massive in nature, the paper firstly explains the influence of discontinuities and design parameters on smooth-wall
blasting. Considering the empirical equations for estimation of stress wave’s magnitude and its attenuation characteristics
through transmitting medium, the paper has put forward a mathematical model for smooth blasting pattern. The model firstly
illustrates that rock burden for each hole should be sub-divided into thin micro strips/slabs to understand the characteristics
of wave transmission through the medium and lastly with the help of beam theory of structural dynamics have put forward a
mathematical model to analyze and design an effective smooth blasting pattern to achieve an undamaged periphery rock-wall. 相似文献
11.
等离子爆破技术是一种新型爆破技术,其爆破孔的设计对整个爆破效果及爆破效率起着决定性的作用。本文基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了爆破孔的有限元模型,并对爆炸荷载作用下掏槽孔孔壁压力及其破碎区进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明,爆破时畸变能的变化自始至终都基本呈椭圆形,孔径越小,积累的能量越大,对岩体破坏越大;孔深长度越短,能量积聚空间越小,爆破对岩体造成的破坏越大;孔深长度的改变对下部岩体影响较小,对中部岩体影响较大。此外由于爆炸实验多为破坏性实验,很难进行原型试验,因此使用数值模拟方法研究爆破孔的结构是可行的,可以作为实际工程的参考。 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
15.
Numerical Analyses of the Influence of Blast-Induced Damaged Rock Around Shallow Tunnels in Brittle Rock 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Most of the railway tunnels in Sweden are shallow-seated (<20 m of rock cover) and are located in hard brittle rock masses.
The majority of these tunnels are excavated by drilling and blasting, which, consequently, result in the development of a
blast-induced damaged zone around the tunnel boundary. Theoretically, the presence of this zone, with its reduced strength
and stiffness, will affect the overall performance of the tunnel, as well as its construction and maintenance. The Swedish
Railroad Administration, therefore, uses a set of guidelines based on peak particle velocity models and perimeter blasting
to regulate the extent of damage due to blasting. However, the real effects of the damage caused by blasting around a shallow
tunnel and their criticality to the overall performance of the tunnel are yet to be quantified and, therefore, remain the
subject of research and investigation. This paper presents a numerical parametric study of blast-induced damage in rock. By
varying the strength and stiffness of the blast-induced damaged zone and other relevant parameters, the near-field rock mass
response was evaluated in terms of the effects on induced boundary stresses and ground deformation. The continuum method of
numerical analysis was used. The input parameters, particularly those relating to strength and stiffness, were estimated using
a systematic approach related to the fact that, at shallow depths, the stress and geologic conditions may be highly anisotropic.
Due to the lack of data on the post-failure characteristics of the rock mass, the traditional Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion
was assumed and used. The results clearly indicate that, as expected, the presence of the blast-induced damage zone does affect
the behaviour of the boundary stresses and ground deformation. Potential failure types occurring around the tunnel boundary
and their mechanisms have also been identified. 相似文献
16.
During the excavation of underground opening, the rock may experience a complex loading path that includes the highly confined compression before excavation, unloading of confining stress and further disturbance of dynamic loading after excavation. By using Rock Failure Process Analysis for Dynamics (RFPA-Dynamics), the failure of rock sequentially subjected to this complex loading path is numerically simulated, in order to examine the rock failure mechanism induced by excavation. The RFPA-Dynamics is firstly used to reproduce the failure of rock under confined compression, followed by unloading of confining pressure, and it is validated against with the existing experimental observation. Then, the failure characteristics of rock specimen sequentially subjected to the quasi-static triaxial loading, unloading of confining pressure and dynamic disturbance are numerically simulated, where the effect of magnitude of axial loading and confining pressure, and duration and amplitude of the dynamic disturbance on the final failure patterns of rock are examined. The numerical results indicate that the arc-shaped spalling damage zone is prone to develop with the increase in the axial pressure and lateral pressure coefficient. As for the effect of dynamic disturbance, the contribution of duration and amplitude of dynamic disturbance on the energy input are similar, where the area of damage zone increases with the energy input into the rock specimen. In this regard, the area of the damage zone is influenced by both the magnitude of in situ stress and waveform of dynamic disturbance. This study denotes that it is of great significance to trace the complex loading path induced by excavation in order to capture the rock failure mechanism induced by underground excavation. 相似文献
17.
由于边坡滑动是渐进破坏的过程,研究其局部安全程度有重要意义。建立了改进的局部安全度(ZSI)计算方法,可统一表征局部岩土体弹性、塑性和破坏不同阶段的稳定状态,通过静力边坡的离心加载数值试验分析,验证了ZSI指标有效性。对爆破影响的边坡进行时程动力数值模拟,获得了不同爆破参数下边坡局部安全指标分布模式。结果表明,随着爆破荷载幅值、孔隙水压和荷载作用时间的增加,ZSI的负值区域逐渐增大,滑动面也不断延伸和贯通;振速增大区局部集中在滑动体,破坏区域主要集中在爆源附近和滑动面;爆破作用下孔隙水压对边坡滑动面破坏影响最为明显,而爆破作用时间对边坡爆源附近破坏影响最为明显。文中研究方法和结论对于深入认识爆破作用边坡的渐进破坏机制有积极的意义。 相似文献
18.
基于岩体爆破累积损伤效应的Hoek-Brown准则修正公式 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
爆破开挖作业引起的扰动与损伤,特别是频繁爆破产生的累积损伤效应,必然导致岩体完整性降低,岩体力学参数弱化,从而威胁岩体工程稳定性。考虑岩体爆破损伤及其累积效应,指出了Hoek-Brown(赫克-布朗)准则及其改进公式的不足,引入完整性系数K v和损伤因子D,建立了可以表征岩体爆破累积损伤效应、岩体爆破扰动状态及其力学参数弱化程度的mb和s的取值方法。基于声速变化与爆破累积损伤效应之间的联系,建立了以岩体声速降低率η为基准量的岩体爆破累积损伤扩展模型,并将该模型成功应用于提出的Hoek-Brown准则修正公式中。根据现场模拟爆破试验与声波测试数据,对提出的修正公式进行了分析,结果表明,建立的考虑岩体爆破累积损伤效应的Hoek-Brown准则修正公式是合理的。 相似文献
19.
The Feedback Analysis of Excavated Rock Slope 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Summary In this paper a methodology of the feedback analysis on the mechanical parameters and stability of the slope excavated in
rock masses is presented. The method is based on the combination of the elasto-viscoplastic finite element method and the
complex shape minimum method. Special attention has been paid to the simulation of the variation of parameters because of
the blasting damage and the stress relief relaxation, and the de-coupling of parameters as well. The slope excavated in the
granite rock masses situated at the ship lock of the Three Gorges Project is studied, from which the mechanical parameters
of the rock masses and the deformation, as well as the stability of the rock slope are forecasted in time as the going on
of the slope excavation. 相似文献
20.
三峡工程永久船闸高边坡岩体卸荷松弛特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
三峡工程永久船闸高边坡岩体卸荷松弛特征明显,采用地质调查、钻孔声波测试、内外部变形监测、现场变形试验、钻孔芯样力学试验、压水试验、孔壁录像、钻孔弹模测试等手段进行综合研究,结果表明,边坡岩体可划分为强、弱、微三个卸荷带,强、弱卸荷带岩体力学性质有明显弱化,微卸荷岩体力学性质无明显变化。在卸荷带内未产生新的结构面,但卸荷引起了结构面的进一步扩展和张开。岩体变形是结构面张开和岩块变形的综合反映,主要受开挖卸荷影响,锚索对于限制结构面张开作用明显。 相似文献