Facies analysis and depositional environments of the Oligocene–Miocene Asmari Formation, Zagros Basin, Iran

The Asmari Formation(a giant hydrocarbon reservoir)is a thick carbonate sequence of the Oligocenee Miocene in the Zagros Basin,southwest of Iran.This formation is exposed at Tang-e-Lendeh in the Fars interior zone with a thickness of 190 m comprising medium and thick to massive bedded carbonates.The age of the Asmari Formation in the study area is the late Oligocene(Chattian)eearly Miocene(Burdigalian).Ten microfacies are defned,characterizing a gradual shallowing upward trend;the related environments are as follows:open marine(MF 8e10),restricted lagoon(MF 6e7),shoal(MF 3e5),lagoon(MF 2),and tidal fat(MF 1).Based on the environmental interpretations,a homoclinal ramp consisting of inner and middle parts prevails.MF 3e7 are characterized by the occurrence of large and small porcelaneous benthic foraminifera representing a shallow-water setting of an inner ramp,infuenced by wave and tidal processes.MF 8e10,with large particles of coral and algae,represent a deeper fair weather wave base of a middle ramp setting.     

Geochemistry of Carboniferous Sandstones (Sardar Formation), East‐Central Iran: Implication for Provenance and Tectonic Setting

Geochemical analysis of sandstones from the Sardar Formation (from two stratigraphic successions) in east-central Iran were used for identification of geochemical characterization of sandstones, provenance and tectonic setting. Sandstones in the two lithostratigraphic successions have similar chemical compositions suggesting a common provenance. Bulk-rock geochemistry analysis of Carboniferous sandstones from Sardar Formation indicates that they are mainly quartz dominated and are classified as quartzarenites, sublitharenites and subarkoses, derived from acid igneous to intermediate igneous rocks. Discrimination function analysis indicates that the sandstones of Sardar Formation were derived from quartzose sedimentary provenance in a recycled orogenic setting. Also, major and trace elements in sandstones of Sardar Formation (e.g., K2O/Na2O vs. SiO2) indicate deposition in a stable passive continental margin (PM). Chemical index of alteration (CIA) for these rocks (> 65%) suggests a moderate to relatively high degree of weathering in the source area.     

松辽盆地开鲁坳陷钱家店地区姚家组砂岩地球化学特征及物源和构造背景分析

为了开展钱家店铀矿床砂岩型铀矿的进一步找矿工作,对采集到的上白垩统姚家组19件砂岩样品进行了主、微量和稀土元素分析,并结合前人成果,对姚家组的沉积物源及源岩构造背景进行了探讨。结果表明,姚家组砂岩主要为长石砂岩,矿物成分主要为石英、钾长石和斜长石等;其轻重稀土比为6.96~14.66,均值为10.17;LaN/YbN为7.58~20.95,均值为11.74,说明轻稀土元素相对重稀土元素明显富集,分馏明显。稀土元素配分模式曲线高度一致,也表明姚家组砂岩具有同源性;其ICV值为0.86~2.78,平均值1.34,大部分大于1,表现为未成熟的性质,为初次旋回的沉积物;修正后的CIA均值62.5,暗示源岩经历中等化学风化作用;砂岩碎屑为近源的第一次旋回沉积物,受沉积分选和再循环作用影响不大;姚家组源岩以火山弧物质和大陆上地壳长英质物质为主,源岩主要形成于大陆边缘和大陆岛弧环境;开鲁坳陷形成于早白垩世随着古太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲速度的减小而在东北地区出现的北西-南东向拉张构造环境中,并接受盆地西部大兴安岭南段海西期和燕山期岩浆岩、火山岩沉积。     

Detrital Mode and Geochemistry of the Shurijeh Formation (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) in the Central and Western Parts of the Intracontinental Kopet-Dagh Basin, NE Iran: Implications for Provenance, Tectonic Setting and Weathering Processes

Petrographical and geochemical methods were combined to investigate the provenance, geodynamic and weathering history of the Shurijeh sandstones, Kopet-Dagh Basin. The point-counting method and XRF technique are used for modal and geochemical analyses. Based on petrographical examinations, it seems that the Shurijeh sandstones are mainly deposited in the craton interior and recycled orogen belts. In addition to petrographical investigation, geochemical analyses (major oxides and trace elements) of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous rocks reveal that the sedimentation processes are performed in a passive continental margin. Such interpretation is supported with geodynamic and paleogeographical studies of the Kopeh-Dagh basin during this time. The geochemical investigations suggested that the composition of probable source rocks mostly was acidic-intermediate with minor mafic igneous rocks. Based on the above, Paleo-Tethys remnants and their collision-related granitoids, in the south and west of Mashhad, may have been the source area for these rocks. CIA values, which range from 63.8 to 94.9 in samples, are suggesting a moderate to relatively high degree of alteration (weathering) in the source area. Therefore, petrographical and paleogeographical studies of siliciclastic rocks can be used for the provenance, tectonic setting and paleoweathering studies in the source area.     

南堡凹陷新近系馆陶组砂岩地球化学、构造背景和物源探讨

对南堡凹陷馆陶组(粉)砂岩的主量、微量及稀土元素的地球化学特征研究表明：多数主量元素含量中等,SiO₂、Al₂O₃等主元素含量及其相关比值反映大多数砂岩属于岩屑砂岩和长石砂岩,个别为杂砂岩;镁铁族元素(Co,Cr,Ni,Sc,V)和大离子亲石元素(Rb,Cs,Ba,Sr)含量类似于上地壳。砂岩十分相似的REE分布模式显示了相似的物源和构造背景。SiO₂-K₂O/Na₂O图解、主元素双变量判别图解及Th-Sc-Zr/10和Th-Co-Zr/10等构造背景判别图解均表明,馆陶组物源区属于活动大陆边缘构造背景。根据主元素物源判别方程图、La/Sc-Co/Th和Th-Hf-Co图投影及(Gd/Yb)_N值,表明馆陶组物源主要来自由长英质岩石组成的后太古宙上陆壳。通过与燕山地区不同时代(期)中酸性火山岩和花岗岩REE的对比,表明母岩主要来自燕山褶皱带地区于燕山期发育的中酸性火山岩和/或花岗岩体。     

Facies analysis and depositional environments of the OligoceneeMiocene Asmari Formation,Zagros Basin,Iran

The Asmari Formation(a giant hydrocarbon reservoir)is a thick carbonate sequence of the Oligocenee Miocene in the Zagros Basin,southwest of Iran.This formation is exposed at Tang-e-Lendeh in the Fars interior zone with a thickness of 190 m comprising medium and thick to massive bedded carbonates.The age of the Asmari Formation in the study area is the late Oligocene(Chattian)eearly Miocene(Burdigalian).Ten microfacies are defned,characterizing a gradual shallowing upward trend;the related environments are as follows:open marine(MF 8e10),restricted lagoon(MF 6e7),shoal(MF 3e5),lagoon(MF 2),and tidal fat(MF 1).Based on the environmental interpretations,a homoclinal ramp consisting of inner and middle parts prevails.MF 3e7 are characterized by the occurrence of large and small porcelaneous benthic foraminifera representing a shallow-water setting of an inner ramp,infuenced by wave and tidal processes.MF 8e10,with large particles of coral and algae,represent a deeper fair weather wave base of a middle ramp setting.     

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜地区直罗组砂岩的地球化学特征与物源分析

沉积岩物源分析对揭示盆地砂体展布、物质组成、储集层性质及砂岩型铀矿床铀源等科学问题具有重要的意义。对取自鄂尔多斯盆地东北部8个钻井中的中侏罗统直罗组砂岩进行了详细的岩石学和地球化学研究,试图鉴别岩石的源区和形成的构造环境。研究表明,砂岩以中粗粒杂砂岩为主,其w(SiO₂)值及w(Al₂O₃)/w(SiO₂)值中等到较高,w(K₂O)值相对较高,Fe₂O₃、MgO、TiO₂含量较低,暗示碎屑物质的富长英质、贫镁铁质特征。Nb、Ta、Ti、P等不活动元素的强烈亏损和K、Rb、Sr、Ba等LILE的富集,共同指示源区具有明显的俯冲带的特征;而w(TFe₂O₃+MgO)-w(TiO₂)、w(TFe₂O₃+MgO)-w(Al₂O₃)/w(SiO₂)、w(Th)-w(Sc)-w(Zr)/10、w(Th)-w(Co)-w(Zr)/10等判别特征则表明砂岩源区岩石可能形成于大陆弧-活动大陆边缘环境。而且,在球粒陨石标准化分配模式中,LREE强烈富集,HREE无明显分异、有着较平坦的曲线,Eu无异常或表现为弱的正、负异常;在PAAS标准化曲线中,轻重稀土均无明显分异,仅Eu表现为明显正异常。本区直罗组砂岩与华北北缘显生宙闪长岩-花岗闪长岩有着很强的亲缘性。     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷南一段物源-沉积体系与构造背景

海拉尔盆地乌南凹陷南一段时期断裂和火山作用强烈, 导致岩石碎屑组成具有多样性。碎屑成分有火山碎屑、变质岩碎屑和其他剥蚀碎屑。碎屑多样性使本区岩性及其分区具有鲜明的特色。岩性丰度、矿物组合、阴极发光及其重矿物组合研究显示, 区内存在4个单岩性区和2个混合区。单岩性区是变质岩碎屑岩区、火山碎屑沉积岩区、熔结火山碎屑岩区和火山碎屑岩区。根据岩石中各碎屑组成的体积分数可将混合区分为正常沉积碎屑占优势的混合区和火山碎屑占优势的混合区。各单岩性区与构造单元相符合, 变质岩碎屑岩区对应乌西断阶带, 火山碎屑沉积岩区和熔结火山碎屑岩区对应巴彦塔拉构造带, 火山碎屑岩区为乌东弧形构造带的一部分。地球化学数据显示本区源岩岩浆属于壳源花岗质岩浆, 同时受到明显的幔源岩浆影响, 重稀土较富集。乌西断阶带具有高的稀土总量和不明显的Eu负异常, 变质源岩岩浆壳幔混染程度高;巴彦塔拉构造带具有低的稀土总量和明显的Eu负异常, 源岩岩浆壳幔混染程度中等;乌东弧形构造带具有高的稀土总量和明显的Eu负异常, 源岩岩浆壳幔混染程度低。Dickinson图解显示, 乌东弧形构造带源区没有深切割, 而巴彦塔拉构造带源区经过了深切割。德尔布干断裂的正滑移导致嵯岗构造片麻岩发育和嵯岗隆起相对隆升, 为乌西断阶带提供变质碎屑沉积物, 形成扇三角洲沉积体系;同时断裂又为幔源岩浆的上升提供了通道。巴彦塔拉断裂的伸展走滑使得幔源岩浆上升发生壳幔混染并发生火山喷发, 在巴彦塔拉构造带发育熔结火山碎屑岩-火山碎屑沉积岩, 塑造了火山碎屑扇三角洲沉积体系。巴彦山隆起区壳幔混染程度低, 但幔源岩浆的底垫作用导致壳源岩浆的强结晶分异作用、火山活动和地表隆升, 在乌东弧形构造带发育火山碎屑岩, 塑造了火山碎屑三角洲沉积体系。     

黑龙江省东部早古生代晨明组物源区特征及其构造背景

为揭示黑龙江省东部早古生代晨明组沉积物源区特征及其沉积构造背景,对晨明组进行了地球化学特征研究。结果表明：晨明组岩石样品化学蚀变指数（I_CA）值和斜长石蚀变指数（I_PA）值较低、成分变异指数（I_CV）值中等偏高,指示晨明组沉积物来源于不成熟的物质源区,并经历了较弱的化学风化作用和活动构造背景下的初次循环;LREE富集、HREE稳定和明显的负Eu异常,指示沉积物源区物质具有明显的上地壳特征且沉积物源岩为长英质火成岩;主量、微量和稀土元素特征共同指示晨明组形成于活动大陆边缘环境或大陆岛弧环境。结合前人研究成果,判定晨明组沉积物来源于经历了弱-中等程度化学风化作用的早古生代花岗质岩,沉积构造背景可能为靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘环境。     

西天山塔尔得套地区乌郎组地球化学特征和构造环境

新疆尼勒克县塔尔得套地区二叠纪火山岩产于伊犁微板块中,为陆相火山岩,主要岩性为玄武岩和流纹岩,具双峰式火山岩系组合特征。基性火山岩属高钾钙碱系列,轻微富集LREE,HREE分馏较明显((Gd/Yb)N=1.52~2.68),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)。流纹岩的Eu负异常明显(δEu=0.33),在微量元素蛛网图上,流纹岩除了具LILE富集和HFSE亏损特征外,Sr,P,Ti等元素的强烈亏损。稀土元素和微量元素特征表明火山岩形成于大陆拉张环境,处于裂谷演化的早期阶段。     

兰坪中新生代盆地沉积岩源区构造背景和物源属性研究--砂岩地球化学证据

沉积盆地中砂岩的地球化学成分主要受物源区控制。因此，通过分析砂岩的化学成分可以揭示盆地沉积岩的源区构造背景和物源属性。对兰坪盆地中新生界砂岩的常量成分、稀土和微量元素进行的分析，揭示盆地沉积岩的源区构造背景属被动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧，结合岩相古地理资料认为在中生代以前，盆地东侧可能主要处于被动大陆边缘环境。而西侧则可能以大陆岛弧环境为主，这与区域地质资料相吻合。沉积物源岩的原始物质应来自上地壳，以长英质岩石为主，并有少量安山质岩石和古老沉积物的混入，故兰坪中新生代盆地属典型的大陆型盆地。从而为正确认识古特提斯洋的演化和盆山转换过程提供了强有力的地球化学证据。