沉管灌注桩施工在土体中引起的附加应力计算

沉管灌注桩施工在土体中引起的附加应力计算＊周东（桂林工学院建工系桂林５４１００４）沉管灌注桩施工所产生的巨大侧向挤压力常造成地面隆起，影响邻近建筑物的正常使用，甚至导致各类建筑物的毁坏。针对宁波地区的工程地质条件，根据园柱孔扩张理论，建立起单桩周围土...     

手纲冲角近似值的计算方法

在假设手纲、空纲成直线状，浮纲、沉纲呈悬链线状的前提下，利用悬链线各因素与手纲冲角之间的相互制约关系，确立了计算单船底拖网作业手纲冲角近似值的逐步校正法。并推广应用于双船底拖网作业中的曳纲水平冲角、空纲的水平冲角、上袖端的内倾率、上片网衣在沉纲前上方的遮盖面积以及遮盖率等的近似值计算。     

大口径井改造成辐射井的尝试

通过介绍田阳水厂ＤＭ１０沉井改造成辐射井的基本原理、有关技术数据的选择与计算、施工方法以及实践结果，证明了大口井淤塞后，通过改造成辐射井，可以提高其供水能力，延长使用寿命，收到显著的经济效益与社会效益。     

胶莱盆地莱阳群杨家庄组沉凝灰岩SHRIMP U-Pb年代学特征及地质意义

胶莱盆地为一发育于华北陆块东部的白垩纪断陷盆地,该次工作主要对盆地底部莱阳群杨家庄组中沉凝灰岩层进行了初步研究,通过对沉凝灰岩岩石学、锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学的研究,认为胶莱盆地莱阳群杨家庄组中凝灰岩层形成时代为131.1±1.7Ma,限制了莱阳群杨家庄组的沉积时限,为胶莱盆地早期的形成与演化提供了新的年代学依据。沉凝灰岩中获得单颗碎屑锆石年龄为835±23Ma,指示苏鲁造山带为莱阳群提供了物质来源。     

基于计算网格的DEM空间分析系统

计算网格技术可以解决DEM空间分析中大数据量和高密度计算对计算资源的需求。计算网格平台Alche-mi给出了模型系统的架构设计和层次设计,将系统划分为DEM分析服务器、计算网格节点和空间数据库服务器;通过集中式空间数据库服务器和基于数据分解的方法设计了系统的并行算法。实例结果表明,应用网格技术可以显著提高大计算量DEM模型分析的运算效率,具有重要理论和现实意义。     

南京地区振动沉管灌注桩工程质量通病与防治

分析、总结了南京地区振动沉管灌注桩工程6 种质量通病的原因和预防措施及处理方法,并提出在厚层软土区出现的一种较严重的质量问题--多种质量通病集中在同一根桩上.最后对沉管灌注桩的新生性质量通病进行了概括并提出了相应的预防措施及处理方法.     

振动沉管碎石桩复合地基综合检测若干值得研究的岩土工程问题

近年来,振动沉管碎石挤密桩在处理饱和黄土地基方面得到了相当广泛的应用。本文通过对西安市某工程振动沉管碎石桩复合地基的综合检测,提出几个值得研究的岩土工程问题。     

雷电监测方法的研究

论述了如何利用光电检测技术和虚拟仪器技术,建立新型雷电定位系统.提出了加权定位和向量定位两种新的定位算法,均能够应用于光电法闪电定位系统,实现闪电定位计算.简述了光电法闪电定位系统的硬件 组成,详述了向量定位算法基于LabVIEW8.2软件的闪电定位系统软件设计,包括闪电光强度电压信号处理、雷声识别、闪电的平面方位角计算,以及闪电距离计算等功能模块的设计.通过系统测试仿真实验,对上述定位算法进行了验证,达到了预先设计要求.     

渔船螺旋桨图谱设计中的计算机辅助计算

介绍了在IBM PC/XT微机上用BASIC语言编制的渔船螺旋桨图谱设计中的数值计算软件,并辅以汉字系统,具有满足工程设计要求及人机对话功能,提高了计算精度与计算速度。适合于渔船螺旋桨设计中应用。     

海洋软黏土大直径沉桩贯入挤土效应

【目的】研究海上沉桩贯入软土地基诱发的挤土效应。【方法】利用有限元大变形RITSS程序,通过大量的参数分析,对海洋地基桩基础贯入引起的挤土效应、土体破坏机理、周围土体的水平和隆起位移,以及挤土效应的影响范围展开系统研究。【结果】将数值模型与锥形桩(圆锥贯入仪)经典理论解进行比对,获得了较好的一致性。对大量数值仿真结果进行统计,获得在海洋地基中沉桩时土体的径向位移和垂直隆起高度的定量化描述,桩周土在1~3倍圆桩半径范围内最大水平位移为0.26R。【结论】提出关于水平位移和隆起高度的计算公式,能够预测沉桩对临近土体扰动的影响范围,能较为准确地评估多桩系统中沉桩对临近桩基础的影响。     

A sand control and development model in sandy land based on mixed experiments of arsenic sandstone and sand: A case study in Mu Us Sandy Land in China

Serious desertification caused by human activity and climate change, in addition to water loss and soil erosion related to arsenic sandstone in the Mu Us Sandy Land, lead to severe scarcity of soil and water resources, which causes worse local agricultural conditions accordingly. Many physical properties of arsenic sandstone is complementary with that of sand, arsenic sandstone is therefore supposed to be blended to enhance water productivity and arability of sandy land. Container experiments are carried out to study the enhancement of water holding capacity of the mixture, the blending ratio of arsenic sandstone and sand, and the proper size of the arsenic sandstone particles, respectively. The results of the experiments show that particle size of 4 cm with a ratio of 1 ： 2 between arsenic sandstone and sand are the proper parameters on blending. Both water content and fertility increase after blending. Water use efficiency in the mixture is 2.7 times higher than that in sand by the water release curves from experiments. Therefore, a new sand control and development model, including arsenic sandstone blending with sand, efficient water irrigation management and reasonable farming system, is put forward to control and develop sandy land so that water-saving agriculture could be developed. Demonstration of potato planting about 153.1 ha in area in the Mu Us Sandy Land in China indicates that water consumption is 3018 m3/ha in the whole growth period. It means that about 61% of irrigation water can be saved compared with water use in coarse sand without treatment. Recycle economic mode and positive feedback of sand resource-crop planting-soil resource are constructed, which changes sand into arable soil and make it possible to develop water-saving agriculture on it. The proposed model will be helpful for soil-water resources utilization and management in the Mu Us Sandy Land.     

Sedimentary Changes of a Sand Layer in Liquefied Silts

A flume experiment was conducted to investigate the restratification of liquefied sediment strata under a wave load with the focus on the interbedded strata of coarse and fine sediments formed in estuarine and coastal areas. The aim of this research was to study the characteristics and processes of liquefied sediment strata in terms of wave-induced liquefaction. In the experiment, the bottom bed liquefied under the wave action and the liquefied soil moved in the same period with the overlying waves, and the track of the soil particles in the liquefied soil was an ellipse. The sand layer consisting of coarse particles in the upper part, settled into the lower silt layer. The sinking of coarse particles and upward migration of the fine particles of the lower layer induced by liquefied sediment fluctuations are the likely reasons for sedimentation of the sand layer in liquefied silt.     

Laboratory and field experiment on measurement of soil thermal conductivity by probe method

The authors presented a new measuring method of the soil thermal conductivity,the probe method,which is designed and made based on the theory of line heat source. This method is used to measure thermal conductivity of coarse sand,fine sand and silty clay in different water contents. The results that measured by the probe method are well consistent with those of QTM-D_2. The soil thermal conductivity increases in different levels with the increase of the water content. Compared the soil thermal conductivity measured by the probe method in laboratory with in-situ experiment,it shows that the measuring gap gradually increases with the increase of the depth. The reason is that the in-situ measuring thermal conductivity can reflect the actual situation of the soil mass.     

The Effects of Protruding Rock Boulders in Regulating Sediment Intrusion within the Hyporheic Zone of Mountain Streams

Excessive sedimentation in mountain stream ecosystems is a critical environmental problem due to the clogging of streambeds by sediment particles within the hyporheic zone,with detrimental effects on fish spawning habitat.In this research,the effects of an array of boulders in regulating the intrusion of incoming sand within a gravel substrate were evaluated by performing detailed experiments in a laboratory flume.A unique experimental setup and two different sampling techniques were utilized for measuring the infiltrated sand within the gravel bed under two bed shear stress conditions（moderate vs.high）.For comparison purposes,experiments were performed without and with the presence of partially submerged to the flow（protruding） boulders,which is typical for the average flow conditions found in mountain streams.Results indicated that sand infiltrated primarily in the upper part of the gravel bed creating a surface seal which hindered the penetration of sand particles deeper into the bed.An exponential decrease of the amount of the infiltrated sand within the hyporheic zone was observed in all experiments regardless of the presence of boulders.However,the presence of boulders promoted sediment intrusion of sand particles especially for the moderate applied bed shear stress condition,since the total amount of the infiltrated sand was found to be on average 44% greater whenboulders were present.The findings from this study can provide additional insight regarding the role of boulders on promoting downwelling of flow and sediment within the gravel substrate with potential effects on fish habitat.     

Temporal variation in biodeposit organic content and sinking velocity in long-line shellfish culture

We measured the organic content and sinking velocities of biodeposits from two scallop species (Chlamys farreri, Patinopecten yessoensis) and abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) that were cultured on suspended long-lines. Measurements were conducted every two months from April 2010 to February 2011. The shellfish were divided into three size groups (small, middle, and big sizes). At each sample point, we assessed biodeposit organic content, average sinking velocity, the frequency distribution of sinking velocities, and the correlation between organic content and sinking velocity. The organic content of biodeposits varied significantly among months (P<0.05) and the pattern of change varied among species. Sinking velocities varied significantly, ranging from <0.5 cm/s to >1.9 cm/s. The sinking velocities of biodeposits from C. farreri and P. yessoensis were 0.5–1.5 cm/s and from H. discus hannai were <0.7 cm/s. The organic content was significantly negatively correlated to the sinking velocity of biodeposits in C. farreri (P<0.001) and P. yessoensis (P<0.05).     

底拖网浮沉力配备设计计算

本文提出了一套底拖网浮沉力配备的计算式子，并根据中国沿海现有几十种较有代表性的底层有翼单囊拖网网具资料，统计了大量的浮沉力配备生产经验数据ｆｆ、ｆｑ和Ｆｆｑ，举例介绍了这些浮沉力配备生产经济数据的统计以及根据生产经验数据或根据动力相似原理的两种浮沉力配备设计的计算方法。     

六盘山及其邻区现今大地垂直形变与构造活动研究

以六盘山及其邻近地区1970年以来的水准网监测及跨断裂水准测量资料为主,结合GPS水平运动、区域构造和历史强震活动,研究该区域现今大地垂直形变与地壳构造活动特征。分析认为：1）六盘山及其邻区较长时间尺度垂直形变速度场显示的六盘山、西秦岭以及贺兰山等山地相对上升、盆地相对下降的山、盆垂直构造活动差异,体现了该区域现代地壳垂直运动所呈现的继承性趋势特征;2）区域水准垂直形变与GPS水平运动变形综合反映,六盘山、西秦岭等山区现今地壳挤压缩短强烈地带,垂直隆升也相对显著,2者具有一定的共生性特征;3）GPS水平运动速度场在六盘山断裂两侧西强、东弱差异所反映的区域水平运动受阻状态,与六盘山断裂两侧垂直差异活动状况相配合,在一定程度上反映了六盘山构造带应变积累程度较高。这些结果对于该区域未来强震活动研究具有参考价值。     

贵州兴旺煤矿开采地表塌陷预测方法探讨

以贵州六枝特区兴旺煤矿地表塌陷为例,采用概率积分法作为地表移动及变形预测的模式,选取下沉系数、主要影响角、主要影响半径和水平移动系数为地表移动参数,计算得出井田开采后地表最大下沉值为1 425.3mm,影响面积约1.85km2。并比较说明除移动参数外各类煤柱的留设也是其中需要考虑的因素。     

Assessment of seasonal sedimentation in rain-fed irrigation reservoirs by a hillslope erosion modeling approach

A distributed hillslope model is presented for the computation of seasonal sediment loads flowing into the rain-fed irrigation reservoirs （tanks） from the mountainous catchments in Sri Lanka. The model is based on the subdivision of the catchment into hillslopes and application of a sediment transport capacity equation at hillslope scale and computation of sediment loads transported to the tanks. Coarse and fine sediment loads due to hourly excess rainfall during a season are separately estimated. The model depends on fewer parameters and can be easily calibrated for a tank. The model calibration only requires measurements of coarse and fine sediment loads transported into the tank due to several rainfalls of different intensities from a representative subcatchment of the tank. Coarse sediment loads are measured by using a sediment trap installed across an ephemeral stream draining the subcatchment. Fine sediment loads are obtained by measuring the discharge and accompanied sediment concentrations over the sediment trap. The model is calibrated, verified and applied for an irrigation tank in Sri Lanka to estimate the seasonal sedimentation loads.     

Study on shaded transducer for acoustic scattering system

mODUCnONConntinduedmovementofseafloorSandsguailyaffectstheconditionsoftheseafloor,soitisiInP0rtantostUdytheconcentraion,movementandthesuspensionandre-suspensionofParticles.InthishighheqUencyacousticscatteringsystem,a3MHzffe-qUencytransduersendst0theseafloorsounwaves,whosescatteringintensityasthewavesscatterupontouchingsandandsiltcanbemeased;andthemovingconditionsoftheSandcanbehaherdetendned(Guan,l982;Sheng,l988;libicld,l989).SuchacousticscatteringsystemiseffectiveforInarinegeOlogicalst…