山西长治辛安泉域岩溶水硫酸盐污染来源分析

辛安泉域核心区域工农业相对发达,人类活动强烈,逐渐出现岩溶地下水位下降、泉流量减小和水质污染等水环境问题。硫酸盐污染是泉域岩溶水的主要污染物之一,通过科学手段进行污染来源分析和识别,可为泉域保护提供决策依据。硫氧同位素是地下水领域应用较广的一种环境同位素方法,不仅技术成熟且识别精度高。本次研究将硫氧同位素方法与水化学方法结合,在辛安泉域采取岩溶泉水、岩溶地下水、孔隙水、裂隙水和河水五类水样,测试硫同位素δ34S、氧同位素δ18O和硫酸根离子SO42-含量,以分析辛安泉域岩溶水硫酸盐污染来源。结果显示,辛安泉域岩溶水水质的硫酸盐大部分符合地下水III类标准,硫酸盐含量较高的区域主要集中在西部滞流缓流区与襄垣和长治子系统的分界处、长治子系统和平顺-壶关子系统南部等地区。西部滞流缓流区硫酸盐主要来源于石膏、硬石膏的溶蚀,人类活动影响较小。泉域南部岩溶水中硫酸盐主要来源是煤矿开采的影响,大气沉降也是重要来源之一。     

娘子关泉域径流-排泄区岩溶水污染特征及成因分析

娘子关泉域径流-排泄区主要分布于山西省阳泉市,泉域内岩溶水是阳泉市重要的供水水源。分析评价了泉域径流-排泄区水质变化,结果显示岩溶水污染严重,主要污染物为SO2-4、总硬度、TDS。岩溶水中SO2-4的浓度来源对判别总硬度和TDS的污染源具有指示性意义,应用硫同位素(34S)计算表明采煤是岩溶水水质污染的重要原因。与2003年水质对比,地表水和岩溶水中SO2-4来自煤系硫的比重都有所增加,尤其以岩溶水排泄区的增长速率最大。     

柳林泉域岩溶地下水资源开发利用现状分析

通过对柳林泉域岩溶地下水开发利用现状进行系统分析研究,,总结出柳林泉域岩溶地下水资源在开发利用中存在的主要问题,得出实施柳林泉域内保护岩溶水水质、水量和污水处理回用及节约用水等工程性措施同步协调进行的结论。     

临汾市岩溶大泉保护研究

岩溶水是临汾市工农业与城市的主要供水水源,对临汾市经济社会的发展起着举足轻重的作用。近年来,由于人类活动和大规模开发岩溶水,使得岩溶泉域水环境发生了很大变化,岩溶泉水流量趋势性衰减、区域岩溶水位持续下降、水质遭受污染等岩溶水文地质环境问题日趋严重,给当地工农业生产和人民生活带来了巨大影响,对当地生态环境造成了严重的破坏。本文通过科学划分岩溶泉保护区,合理开采岩溶水,避免水质受到污染、为保障居民饮水安全及身体健康提供技术支持。     

煤矿开采对娘子关泉域岩溶地下水水质的影响分析

娘子关泉域内煤系地层分布面积近4 500 km2,占泉域总面积的60%以上,由于煤矿长期、大规模的开采对泉域岩溶地下水水质造成了较大的影响。分析煤矿采煤期间和闭坑后两种情况下矿坑水对岩溶水水质的影响及其污染途径。认为:煤矿开采期间,煤层及周围地层中有硫铁矿发生氧化及水解反应,矿坑水中硫酸根离子、总硬度、矿化度含量均比天然地下水高,煤矿关闭后会在矿坑内形成老窖水,造成严重污水环境问题,对此应足够重视,治理污染,保护娘子关泉域地下水。     

邢台市区地下水饮用水源污染成因及规律的探讨

邢台市区地下饮用水源位于太行山前储存两种相当丰富的岩溶水和孔隙水的百泉泉域径流排泄区。令人担忧的是：浅层孔隙水已受到轻度污染，深层岩溶水出现个别水井水质超标。本文针对几起地下饮用水源污染事例，探讨岩溶水饮用水源污染成因和规律。     

水文地球化学信息对岩溶地下水流动系统特征的指示意义--以山西神头泉域为例

神头泉域岩溶水的水化学特征显示,岩溶水样的总溶解固体质量浓度、Sr2 质量浓度及宏量组分质量浓度均由泉域北、西、南部向排泄区增大,与岩溶水的流动方向一致.根据c(Sr)/c(Ca)与总溶解固体质量浓度可将神头泉群划分为3个泉组,对应于3个不同的岩溶水子系统,岩溶水样的聚类分析结果与这一结论相符合.研究表明水文地球化学信息对地下水系统的水动力特征分析具有指示意义.     

兰村泉域岩溶水位动态遗传回归模型与岩溶地下水保护

近年来对兰村泉域岩溶地下水的大规模开采导致了兰村泉断流、泉域地下水位大幅下降等一系列问题。本次研究在分析兰村泉域1960年到2003年间岩溶地下水动态特征的基础上,建立该区地下水位动态遗传回归模型,定量分析了各种影响因素对系统岩溶地下水位动态的作用强度。最后,提出了包括削减人工开采、增加入渗补给等保护兰村泉域岩溶水的对策和方案。     

北京西山泉域岩溶水系统特征探讨

北京西山地区岩溶地下水主要以相对独立的岩溶地下水系统进行循环,其水文地质条件、系统结构模式及其水资源的重要性等,在北方具有代表性。文章主要以北京西山鱼谷洞泉域岩溶水系统、黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统、玉泉山泉域岩溶水系统为研究对象,从岩溶含水层结构、地下水循环、地质构造等方面,总结出北京西山泉域岩溶水系统特征主要为:双层含水层结构、多个子系统构成且多点排泄、系统内岩溶水转化关系复杂多样、岩溶水富集带及系统边界集中在逆冲断层处。      

天桥泉域岩溶水系统水动力场、水化学场特征分析

通过对天桥泉域岩溶水系统水动态和降雨量资料、万家寨水库水位与岸边岩溶水水位动态关系以及岩溶水化学成分进行研究分析,确定了研究区岩溶地下水的流动方向和强径流带的分布位置;总结出了动荡型、滞后型和消耗型三种类型的岩溶水动态变化特征,得出黄河岸边岩溶钻孔水位与水库水位变化同步等结论。在此基础上,对黄河进行了分段渗漏量计算,渗漏量可达6. 926m3 /s;绘制出了反映天桥泉域岩溶水化学成分变化的水化学三线图。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861