原子荧光光谱法用于水系沉积物中迁移毒性态汞的形态分析

水系沉积物中汞可分为三种形态，即迁移毒性态、亚迁移态和惰性态。建立了用原子荧光光谱法测定迁移态毒性汞中无机汞和有机汞的分析方法，并将该方法应用于武汉市涨渡湖沉积物中汞形态分析。方法检出限为0．004μg/L，精密度（RSD，n=11）为4．2％，回收率为92．2％～105．4％。     

氧化偶氮肿Ⅲ褪色光度法测定痕量钴

基于0．02mol／L HCl介质中，痕量钴(Ⅱ)对重铬酸钾氧化偶氮胂Ⅲ褪色反应的催化作用，建立了测定痕量钴(Ⅱ)的动力学光度法。钴(Ⅱ)质量在0～4．0μg/L范围内服从比尔定律，方法检出限为0．076μg/L，在25mL溶液中，测定0．1μg钴(Ⅱ)的相对标准偏差为3．8％(n=11)。讨论了酸度、反应物浓度、温度、反应时间、干扰离子等因素的影响。研究了反应的最佳条件，并测定了一些动力学参数。催化反应的表观活化能为40．73kJ／mol。此法可用于井水、蜂蜜和维生素B12中钴(Ⅱ)的测定，相对标准偏差为1．8％-5．7％，标准加入回收率为99．6％～104．2％。     

连续流动化学发光法测定地质样品中的银

采用732阳离子交换树脂静态吸附分离，以Luminol-K2S208-Ag^ -乙二胺体系，连续流动化学发光法测定地质样品中的痕量银。该方法的检出限为4μg／L，9次测定8．8μg/Ag的标样07-GRD-35，x＝8．5μg／g，RSD为2．5％，经地质标样测定，验证结果的相对误差小于15％，适于野外快速测定银。     

双硫腙改性氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖复合微球固相萃取在线富集-原子荧光光谱法测定地质样品中痕量汞

汞可以指示矿床或矿化存在,是一种重要的地质过程示踪元素,因此汞的测定是十分重要的。由于汞在地质矿床中丰度较低,直接测定存在困难,需要进行预分离富集处理。目前采用的分离富集手段大多数是离线,自动化程度较低。本文将合成的双硫腙改性氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖复合微球制成固相萃取小柱,考察了溶液pH、吸附剂种类和体积对汞的吸附效果的影响,优化了固相萃取在线采样/洗脱时间和速率对汞的吸附/洗脱效果的影响,建立了固相萃取在线富集-原子荧光光谱法测定地质样品中痕量汞的分析方法。结果表明:溶液pH=3.0时,以5 mL/min的采样速率进样5 min,汞的吸附率大于90%;用20 g/L硫脲-1.0mol/L硝酸混合溶液作洗脱液,以1 mL/min的洗脱速度洗脱1 min,洗脱率大于95%。汞含量在0.050~5.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,富集因子为22,检出限为0.0019μg/L。采用本方法测定了土壤和沉积物国家标准物质样品,Hg的测定值与参考值的相对误差小于±13%。与离线分析相比,本方法具有灵敏度高、操作简单快速等特点。     

巯基棉分离富集-原子荧光光谱法测定重晶石中痕量汞

重晶石样品研磨过筛,用EDTA-氢氧化钠混合溶液络合处理,盐酸调节至弱酸性释放出汞,处理后的样品用原子荧光光谱法测定矿样中的痕量汞。采用巯基棉分离富集有机汞及无机汞,在pH 3~4时巯基棉可充分吸附汞,分别用2 mol/L和6 mol/L盐酸洗脱有机汞和无机汞,并将有机汞转化为无机汞。对影响汞测定的实验条件及干扰元素进行探讨。方法线性范围为0.00~5.00 ng/mL,相关系数为0.999 6;加标回收率为92.0%~114.0%。方法具有简便、快速、基体干扰少、灵敏度高等优点。     

DT—1016型阴离子交换树脂分离富集金铂钯

研究了DT－1016型阴离子交换树脂对超痕量Au,Pt,Pd的吸附性能及条件。在0.025mol/L HCl介质中，流出速度为0.5-1.0mL/min时，Au,Pt和Pd的富集效果最佳，吸附率分别为99.72％，99.06％和97.95％，共存离子无显著性影响。用等离子体质谱测定标准物质中Au，Pt和Pd，其结果与标准值基本相符。检出限Au为0.27μg/L，Pt为0.40μg/L，Pd为0.19μg／L。对GBW 07294铂族元素国家标准物质进行精密度试验，RSD（n=8）Au为19．2％，Pt为28.1％，Pd为15.6％。     

泡塑吸附分离萃取光度法测定粉煤灰中的镓

试验了在盐酸介质中聚氨酯泡沫塑料吸附分离镓的性能,将该性能用于粉煤灰分离镓的预处理过程,罗丹明B萃取光度法定量测定镓含量。结果表明,室温条件下,在6 mol/L盐酸溶液中,聚氨酯泡沫塑料对镓有良好的吸附性能,90 m in可达吸附平衡,饱和吸附量为每克泡塑可吸附42 mg镓;被吸附的镓可用0.5 mol/L氯化铵溶液定量洗脱;用罗丹明B萃取光度法测定镓含量时,镓浓度在0~1.0μg/mL服从比尔定律,检出限为0.008 mg/L。测定粉煤灰样品中镓的含量,加标回收率在103%~107%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=20)为1.5%,富集分离效果明显,选择性高。     

漓江水系汞的分布和污染研究

对漓江水系干流、支流、连体湖泊、较大的孤立湖塘和近岸水井设置40个采样点。水样采样周期为2个水文年,分枯水季和丰水季两次采样,现场测定水温、电导率、pH值等理化参数。系统采集水样112件、底泥样40件、水草样40件、近岸土壤样40件。底泥样用逐步浸提法进行不同形态汞分析。研究结果显示,干流河水、底泥和水草中汞的平均含量分别为0．12μg／L、0．20μg／g和0．032μg／g;主要支流河水、底泥和水草中汞的平均含量高于干流,分别为0．15—0．23μg／L、0．38～1．7μg／g和0．028—0．044μg／g。底泥中汞含量均高于近岸土壤汞含量。无论是干流还是支流,河水汞含量与底泥、水草汞含量有明显的相关关系。由上游至下游,漓江水系干流、主要支流河水样汞含量均不断增高,可高出源头河水汞含量的1．5—5倍。相应地指示重金属离子污染的参考指标——电导率值不断增高,河水的pH值亦逐渐增高。丰水期（5月至6月）河水中的汞含量（0．12—0．28μg／L）明显高于枯水期（9月至11月）河水中的汞含量（0．091—0．28μg／L）。不同断面河水汞含量均高于相应近岸井水汞含量。不同水体底泥中汞的形态分布一般顺序为：残渣态〉难氧化降解有机质结合态〉腐殖酸结合态〉碳酸盐和铁锰氧化物吸附态〉交换态〉易氧化降解有机质结合态〉水溶态。综合各项资料分析,认为漓江干流是桂林城市汞污染最大的汇。根据地表水环境质量标准（GB3838--2002）,仅汞而言,漓江水系均达到Ⅳ类水质标准（河水中汞含量≤1μg／L）。漓江支流汞污染高于干流,对干流存在较大的污染风险。     

Hg~(2+)-碘化物-番红花红T缔合体系褪色光度法测定微量汞

在0.01 mol/L硫酸介质中,Hg2+与过量I-和番红花红T(ST)反应生成稳定的离子缔合物[ST]2[HgI4],使ST褪色,据此建立了褪色光度法测定微量汞的方法。最大褪色波长为519 nm,体系的褪色程度与Hg2+浓度在0~1.35μg/mL内呈线性关系,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.24×105L/(mol.cm),检出限为2.26μg/L。采用巯基棉富集分离,测定河水中的微量汞,方法相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.2%~1.7%,回收率为98.3%~102.6%。     

原子荧光光谱法测定芦荟中铅和镉

应用AFS-820型双道原子荧光测定芦荟中Pb和Cd,用HNO3-HClO4 消解样品,以KBH4 作还原剂分别测定Pb和Cd。Pb和Cd检出限分别为0. 58μg/L和0. 21μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)均小于10%,线性范围Pb为0~100μg/L,Cd为0~80μg/L,标准加入回收率Pb为88. 2% ~108. 6%,Cd为85. 3% ~112. 8%。方法经植物国家一级标准物质验证,结果与标准值相符。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861