赣南中侏罗世玄武岩的Pb-Nd-Sr同位素地球化学研究：中生代地幔源区特征及构造意义

赣南龙南—寻邬地区余田群菖蒲组底部的玄武岩形成于中侏罗世(172．6～175．6Ma)，其Pb，Nd，Sr同位素组成的特征为：富放射性成因铅((^206Ph／^206Ph)i=17．872～18．653，(^207Pb／^204Pb)i=15．434～16．131，(^208pb／^204pb)i=37．837～39．194)，中等的εNd(t)(-0．4～+1．1，平均值为0．1)及较高的ISr(0．70835～0．71115)。玄武岩在Ph-Ph图解上均投影于NHRL上方，A7／4Pb值为0．19—61．7(平均值为22．1)，AS／4Pb值为59．2～101．5(平均值为71．03)，△Sr值为80．0～111．5(平均值为91．5)，表明存在典型的Dupal同位素异常。根据Sr-Nd，Sr-Ph，Nd-Pb和Pb-Pb相关特征，判明赣南玄武岩是由亏损地幔端元(DMM)和EMⅡ型富集地幔端元在源区混合形成的。按Sr-Nd双变量二元混合模型计算得出源区物质中亏损地幔端元和EMⅡ富集地幔端元所占份额分别为58％～64％和42％～36％。赣南地区呈东西向展布的中侏罗世双峰式火山岩带反映了华南板块内部在燕山早期发生的一起重要伸展构造事件。根据Ph-Nd-Sr同位素地球化学及构造特征，推测赣南中生代地幔源区中的EMⅡ富集地幔端元组分可能源自冈瓦纳古陆。     

大兴安岭南端红山子盆地流纹岩的成因:元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素制约

红山子晚侏罗世早期火山盆地位于西拉木伦河-长春缝合带以南、康宝-围场-赤峰-开原断裂带以北的辽源地块,其中赋存铀钼矿床的流纹岩为肉红色流纹岩和灰白色流纹岩。为了查明流纹岩的物质来源和形成的构造背景,本文分析了流纹岩的主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成。分析结果显示：流纹岩具有高SiO₂、K₂O和Fe₂O₃/FeO值,低Al₂O₃、CaO和MgO的特征,肉红色流纹岩比灰白色流纹岩的SiO₂含量略低、（K₂O+Na₂O）含量高和Fe₂O₃/FeO值略高;肉红色流纹岩和灰白色流纹岩均有较高的稀土含量,明显富集轻稀土,显著亏损铕;高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ce、Y、Ga和大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U的含量较高,但大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr的含量低且变化较大,具有A₁型流纹岩、低Sr-Ba流纹岩和板内拉张构造流纹岩的微量元素特征;具有较小的（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i、较高的ε_Nd（t）、较年轻的T_DM2和较低的（²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb）_i、（²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb）_i、（²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb）_i,指示流纹岩是源于EMⅠ富集地幔的中元古代年轻下地壳部分熔融的产物,并在岩浆过程中经历了结晶分异。肉红色流纹岩和灰白色流纹岩的差异可能与年轻下地壳物质的成分差异有关。     

粤东中生代火山—侵入杂岩的地壳深熔成因——Pb-Nd-Sr多元同位素体系制约

本文根据系统的PbNdSr多元同位素体系研究表明,粤东地区中生代花岗质火山—侵入杂岩成岩作用机制为壳源岩石的部分熔融作用。源岩为未出露的古老陆壳基底岩石,源岩物质组成不均一,为先存幔源火山岩和地壳沉积物的混合物或互层。     

粤北长塘盆地晚白垩世早期流纹岩的成因:地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf-O同位素制约

长塘流纹岩为"大量流纹岩-少量玄武岩"构成的不对称双峰式火山岩组合的酸性端元,前人对年代学研究认为是目前华南识别的燕山期最年轻的流纹岩(SHRIMP年龄96.8 Ma),但在岩石地球化学特征及成因方面尚未深入研究。本文通过全岩主微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb-O和锆石Hf同位素研究得到:流纹岩为亚碱性弱过铝质岩石,稀土元素富集,轻重稀土分馏明显,Eu负异常;具有较小的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i、较高的εNd(t)和较低的(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i、(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i、(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i值;锆石的εHf(t)值较高且Hf模式年龄和全岩基本一致,均显示为新生下地壳岩浆;全岩的δ18O值较高。结合区域地质资料,本文认为长塘流纹岩是在晚白垩世早期拉张环境下,源于EMⅡ富集地幔的岩浆混染少量下地壳物质形成新元古代新生下地壳,发生熔融产生的岩浆在上升过程中经历结晶分异演化后喷出地表的产物。晚白垩世早期流纹岩成因对华南陆壳拉张减薄到正常厚度时间节点提供了证据。     

西秦岭左家庄金矿成因研究:来自黄铁矿微量元素及多元同位素地球化学的制约

左家庄金矿位于西秦岭凤太盆地西北部,金矿体赋存在印支早期何家庄岩体的东西向剪切破碎带内。矿石类型以石英硫化物脉型为主,与西秦岭地区沉积岩控矿为主的特征有显著的差别。流体包裹体测温及成分分析表明,左家庄金矿成矿流体具有含CO2、中低温(122~305 ℃)、低盐度(1.2%~11.8% NaCleq)、浅成(约2.4 km)热液的特征。H-O同位素组成(δDH2O集中在-88.8‰~-81.1‰;δ18OH2O在-0.4‰~+7.6‰)显示成矿初始流体以变质水为主,随着流体向上运移不排除有岩浆水和大气降水的加入。Pb同位素组成显示成矿物质来源于浅部上地壳及造山带内;S同位素组成集中(11.4‰~13.4‰),与凤太盆地内泥盆系沉积岩控金矿相似,且与全球范围内泥盆系控矿造山型金矿组成吻合,反映出泥盆系地层为成矿提供了硫源;热液期黄铁矿原位微量元素分析显示左家庄金矿成矿流体富集Au、As、Cu、Sb、Ag、Pb、Bi等元素,该元素组合与前人分析凤太盆地内泥盆系地层(尤其是中、上泥盆统界面)富集元素特征一致。上述分析一致表明泥盆系地层是左家庄金矿成矿物质来源理想场所。多元同位素对比分析表明,左家庄金矿与凤太盆地内其他金矿在成矿流体及成矿物质来源上具有统一性,但是在矿化形式上有显著区别,其差异可能与二者赋矿围岩性质不同有关。成矿流体沿断裂向上运移过程中,当遇到上泥盆统渗透性较高的千枚岩时发生水岩反应,形成以微细浸染状矿化为主的金矿;当碰到岩体内脆性剪切破碎带时,由于压力释放,流体沸腾,导致矿质迅速沉淀在张性破碎带内,形成石英硫化物脉型左家庄金矿。通过与典型造山型金矿成矿特征对比分析,认为左家庄金矿可划归为浅成造山型金矿床。     

赣南遂川晚侏罗世幕式花岗质岩浆活动：年代学、地球化学和Lu-Hf同位素约束

赣南遂川县晚侏罗世花岗岩体由弹前单元与紫阳单元组成。弹前单元主要岩石类型为细粒黑云母花岗岩(g₁)和粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩(g₂);紫阳单元为中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩(g₃)、细粒含斑黑云母二长花岗岩(g₄)和中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩(g₅)。这些花岗岩具有相似的矿物组合及地球化学特征,均不含角闪石、白云母、堇青石、石榴石等矿物,斜长石An值为20～30;具有较高的SiO₂(70.6%～78.6%)、Al₂O₃(12.2%～14.3%)、K₂O(4.34%～6.04%)含量与FeO^T/MgO比值(3.95～13.5)、A/CNK比值(1.01～2.12),饱和温度(742～820℃)、DI值(86～95),较低的P₂O₅(0.002%～0.14%)含量;稀土元素中Eu元素负异常明显;微量元素中富集Rb、Th、U、Ta、Nd,亏损Ba...     

赣南中侏罗世正长岩-辉长岩的起源及其地质意义

正长岩-辉长岩组合的形成通常与板内伸展构造有关,它们可由同源岩浆演化形成,也可以由两种独立起源的岩浆结晶形成.本文选择赣南晚中生代早期黄埠正长岩和车步辉长岩进行了详细的年代学和岩石地球化学研究,旨在探讨它们的起源及其与岩石圈地幔演化的关系.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明：黄埠正长岩和车步辉长岩形成于≈178Ma,为同时期岩浆作用的产物.主量元素、微量元素和Nd同位素地球化学特征表明它们并非由同源岩浆演化形成.初步研究表明,黄埠正长岩和车步辉长岩可能都起源于受软流圈来源熔体交代富集的岩石圈地幔,熔融发生在上地幔尖晶石-石榴石相转换带深度,且岩浆在结晶演化过程中发生了较低程度的地壳混染作用.与车步辉长岩相比,黄埠正长岩有高的不相容元素含量、Ce/Yb、La/Yb、Sm/Yb比值和高的εNd（t）值,表明黄埠正长岩的岩浆起源相对更深,且其岩石圈地幔源区经历了更高程度的交代作用.因此,赣南正长岩-辉长岩是板内伸展构造背景下,不同程度软流圈-岩石圈相互作用的反映.     

北祁连九个泉玄武岩的形成环境及地幔源区特征：微量元素和Nd同位素地球化学制约

北祁连九个泉蛇绿岩中的玄武岩的MORB，根据其地质产状和地球化学特征又可以分为两部分，剖面下部的玄武岩为N－MORB，上部的玄武岩主要为E－MORB。玄武岩多数具有Nb负异常，从下向上，九个朱武岩的Th,Nb,LREE,Zr等含量及（La/Yb)N,(La/Sm)N,Ce/Zr,Zr/Y,Th/.La,Th/Yb比值逐渐增加，并伴随着Y，Yb,Lu,Sc含量，Zr/Nb和La/Nb比值以及εEd(t)的逐渐减小，不相容元素比值及εNd(t)之间具有很好的相关性，上述特征反映不均一地幔部分熔融过程中N－MORB源区和富集地幔之间的混合作用，微量元素和Nd同位素地球化学特征表明九个泉蛇绿岩形成于弧后盆地中的海山环境，玄武岩的化学成分在垂向上的变化记录了海山生长并逐渐远离扩张脊的动态的地质过程，海山可能是形成蛇绿岩的一种重要环境。     

多体系微量元素地球化学对比中存在的问题及解决途径

在微量、稀土元素地球化学对比研究中，直观地根据蛛网图上曲线相似程度而得出的结论带有很大的主观随意性，可信度低。通过2个应用实例(云南北衙金矿床；江西相山变质岩)，运用Q型逐步聚类分析及模糊聚类分析与蛛网作图相结合的对比研究方法，分别对云南北衙金矿的成矿物质来源和江西相山变质岩的地层单元归属问题进行了探讨，发现该方法可获得较多精细的、为蛛网图所隐匿的、但具有重要地质意义的地球化学信息，从而得出更为严谨、客观、并具有科学再现性的结论。     

江西南部东坑盆地流纹岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

东坑盆地位于南岭构造带东段,其中的流纹岩为该带燕山期最早的“流纹岩—玄武岩”双峰式火山岩组合的酸性端元.主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb-O-Hf同位素研究表明,流纹岩富硅、钾,贫镁、钙、钛,属亚碱性弱过铝质岩石;稀土元素富集,轻重稀土分异和铕负异常明显,表现典型的M型稀土元素4分组效应,富集高场强元素Ta、Hf、Zr、Nb、Ce、Y和大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、Ba、Ga,亏损大离子亲石元素Sr,具有A型流纹岩和高Sr-Ba流纹岩的微量元素特征;(87Sr/86Sr)i较高,(206Pb/204Pb)i、(207Pb/204Pb)i和(208Pb/204Pb)i较低,εNd(t)、εHf(t)和δ18OV-SMOW较高,TDM2(Nd)和TDM2(Hf)较小.这些特征表明,东坑盆地流纹岩是拉张构造环境下源于新元古代亏损地幔和少量古老下地壳物质混合而成年轻下地壳部分熔融的产物,为早侏罗世早期南岭构造带东段处于拉张构造环境、地壳属正常厚度提供了岩石学证据.     

赣南地热气体起源的同位素与地球化学证据

对取自赣南地区10个温泉的地热气体进行了气体化学成分及氦、碳、氖同位素组成的分析。该区地热气体可分为CO₂型和N₂型两种类型。CO₂型地热气体分布在赣南东南部地区,主要成分是CO₂,占总体积96.47%以上,二氧化碳气体的δ¹³C值为 -5.50‰～-3.49‰（PDB）,平均为 -4.66‰,为幔源无机成因,其氦同位素组成为1.36～2.27 R_a,具有明显的幔源成因特征,最高约有28.2%的氦源于地幔,其N₂-Ar-He关系研究表明,该型地热气体中的氮源于地幔-地壳-大气混合成因。研究揭示该区CO₂型地热气体属幔源无机成因气,是地幔脱气作用的产物。N₂型地热气体分布在赣南西部地区,N₂含量占91.04%以上,其中二氧化碳气体的δ¹³C值为 -23.7‰～-12.6‰,平均为 -17.82‰,为壳源有机成因,其氦同位素组成为0.06～0.13 R_a,具有明显的壳源放射性成因特征,³He/⁴He 与 ⁴He/²⁰Ne关系和He-Ar-N₂关系研究表明,N₂型温泉气主要来源于大气,并有壳源气体的贡献。     

西藏驱龙矿区早侏罗世斑岩的Sr-Nd-Pb及锆石Hf同位素研究

近年的研究基本揭示,在冈底斯南缘存在一条晚三叠世-侏罗纪的花岗岩带,其成因认识有助于恢复青藏高原中生代演化历史,但却存在争议。为此,本文选择拉萨东部驱龙早侏罗世花岗斑岩开展Sr-Nd-Pb及锆石Hf同位素研究,调查岩浆源区特征,以期查明岩浆成因。分析结果显示,驱龙早侏罗世斑岩具有相对较低的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr初始比值(0.7029~0.7050)、正的ε_Nd(t)(平均0.7)和锆石ε_Hf(t)值(2.6~8.2),表明岩浆来自新生地壳物质的部分熔融。综合对比发现,冈底斯南部晚三叠世-早侏罗世花岗岩的锆石Hf同位素在500km宽的范围内显示出由西向东亏损程度逐渐减弱、甚至变得富集的规律,表明在此类花岗岩的形成过程中,成熟地壳组分的贡献自西向东逐渐增多。这既可因南部拉萨地体基底Hf同位素组成的东西向不均一所引起,也可能因东段驱龙、米林等地花岗岩更靠近古老的拉萨微陆块所致。     

Genesis of the Bianjiadayuan Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit,Inner Mongolia,China:Constraints from in-situ sulfur isotope and trace element geochemistry of pyrite

The Southern Great Xing'an Range(S(GXR)which forms part of the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)is known as one of the most important Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn-Ag-Au metallogenic belts in China,hosting a number of porphyry Mo(Cu),skarn Fe(Sn),epithermal Au-Ag,and hydrothermal veintype Ag-Pb-Zn ore deposits.Here we investigate the Bianjiadayuan hydrothermal vein-type Ag-Pb-Zn ore deposit in the southern part of the SGXR.Porphyry Sn± Cu± Mo mineralization is also developed to the west of the Ag-Pb-Zn veins in the ore field.We identify a five-stage mineralization process based on field and petrologic studies including(i)the early porphyry mineralization stage,(ii)main porphyry mineralization stage,(iii)transition mineralization stage,(iv)vein-type mineralization stage and(v)late mineralization stage.Pyrite is the predominant sulfide mineral in all stages except in the late mineralization stage,and we identify corresponding four types of pyrites:Pyl is medium-grained subhedral to euhedral occurring in the early barren quartz vein;Py2 is medium-to fine-grained euhedral pyrite mainly coexisting with molybdenite,chalcopyrite,minor sphalerite and galena;Py3 is fine-grained,subhedral to irregular pyrite and displays cataclastic textures with micro-fractures;Py4 occurs as euhedral microcrystals and forms irregularly shaped aggregate with sphalerite and galena.LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses of pyrite show that Cu,Pb,Zn,Ag,Sn,Cd and Sb are partitioned into pyrite as structurally bound metals or mineral micro/nano-inclusions,whereas Co,Ni,As and Se enter the lattice via isomorphism in all types of pyrite.The Cu,Zn,Ag,Cd concentrations gradually increase from Pyl to Py4,which we correlate with cooling and mixing of ore-forming fluid with meteoric water.Py2 contains the highest contents of Co,Ni,Se,Te and Bi,suggesting high temperature conditions for the porphyry mineralization stage.Ratios of Co/Ni(0.03-10.79,average 2.13)and sulphur isotope composition of sulfide indicate typical hydrothermal origin for pyrites.The δ~(34)S_(cDT) values of Pyl(0.42‰-1.61‰,average1.16‰),Py2(-1.23‰to 0.82‰,average 0.35‰),Py3(—0.36‰to 2.47‰average 0.97‰).Py4(2.51‰--3.72‰,average 3.06‰),and other sulfides are consistent with those of typical porphyry deposit(-5‰to 5‰),indicating that the Pb-Zn polymetallic mineralization in the Bianjiadayuan deposit is genetically linked to the Yanshanian(Jurassic-Cretaceous)magmatic-hydrothermal events.Variations of δ~(34) S values are ascribed to the changes in physical and chemical conditions during the evolution and migration of the ore-forming fluid.We propose that the high Sn content of pyrite in the Bianjiadayuan hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit can be used as a possible pathfinder to prospect for Sn mineralization in the surrounding area or deeper level of the ore field in this region.     

Geochemistry,detrital zircon geochronology and Hf isotope of the clastic rocks in southern Tibet: Implications for the Jurassic-Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the Lhasa terrane

In order to reconstruct tectonic evolution history of the southern margin of Asia (i.e., Lhasa terrane) before the India-Asia collision, here we present a comprehensive study on the clastic rocks in the southern Lhasa terrane with new perspectives from sedimentary geochemistry, detrital zircon geochronology and Hf isotope. Clasts from the Jurassic-Early Cretaceous sedimentary sequences (i.e., Yeba and Chumulong Formations) display high compositional maturity and experienced moderate to high degree of chemical weathering, whereas those from the late Early-Late Cretaceous sequences (Ngamring and Shexing Formations) are characterized by low compositional maturity with insignificant chemical weathering. Our results lead to a coherent scenario for the evolution history of the Lhasa terrane. During the Early-Middle Jurassic (∼192-168Ma), the Lhasa terrane was speculated to be an isolated geological block. The Yeba Formation is best understood as being deposited in a back-arc basin induced by northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys ocean with sediments coming from the interiors of the Lhasa terrane. The Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Lhasa-Qiangtang collision resulted in the formation of a composite foreland basin with southward-flowing rivers carrying clastic materials from the uplifted northern Lhasa and/or Qiangtang terranes. During the late Early-Late Cretaceous (∼104-72Ma), the Gangdese magmatic arc was uplifted rapidly above the sea level, forming turbidites (Ngamring Formation) in the Xigaze forearc basin and fluvial red beds (Shexing Formation) on the retro-arc side. At the end of Late Cretaceous, the Lhasa terrane was likely to have been uplifted to high elevation forming an Andean-type margin resembling the modern South America before the India-Asia collision.     

桐柏-大别造山带南缘中侏罗世基性岩的发现及其构造意义——来自锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素证据

桐柏-大别造山带南缘大洪山地区出露一套变质辉长辉绿岩脉,该岩脉沿襄樊-广济断裂带侵入到大洪山造山带增生杂岩之中,本文采用锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS定年方法,获得了该变质辉长辉绿岩脉的岩浆锆石年龄为163±3 Ma,代表岩脉的侵位结晶年龄,是目前桐柏-大别造山带已知最早的造山后晚中生代岩浆活动记录之一,表明桐柏-大别造山带南缘晚中生代岩浆活动开始于中侏罗世晚期,与北大别地区初始深融作用时间相当,比早白垩世大规模岩浆活动的峰期(~130 Ma)早约30 Ma。锆石Hf同位素分析结果显示eHf(t)值为+5.8~+10.8(平均值为+9.7±0.7),对应的单阶段Hf模式年龄t_(DM1)为387~595Ma(平均值为434±29Ma),明显大于岩脉成岩年龄,表明岩浆源区主要来自于亏损地幔,亏损地幔为早古生代伸展过程的产物。结合区域研究资料,163±3 Ma是桐柏-大别碰撞造山带南缘中生代陆-陆碰撞后最古老的岩浆岩年龄之一,与大别造山带山根软化的时代一致,可能代表桐柏-大别造山带由挤压环境向伸展环境的初始转换时间,据此认为桐柏-大别造山带从山根软化到大规模伸展垮塌间隔-30Ma,地幔经历了亏损-富集的转化过程。     

湘东北幕阜山梅仙花岗岩成因及其构造意义：锆石U- Pb- Hf同位素与全岩地球化学制约

梅仙花岗岩体位于幕阜山复式花岗岩基西南部,其成岩时代、岩石成因对湘东北地区新元古代花岗岩带成因研究以及其构造背景有着重要的指示意义。本次研究对梅仙岩体中粗粒、细粒两种结构的黑云母花岗岩分别开展了LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年、锆石Hf同位素和全岩地球化学测试。分析结果显示,中粗粒和细粒花岗岩年龄分别为819. 6±4. 6 Ma和810. 4±4. 7 Ma,证实梅仙岩体形成于新元古代,代表江南造山带中段新元古代构造- 岩浆活动高峰的结束。梅仙岩体的中粗粒花岗岩εHf (t)=5. 4~10. 1, tDM2=1. 31~1. 04 Ga,细粒花岗岩εHf (t)=5. 0~9. 9, tDM2=1. 33~1. 06 Ga。梅仙花岗岩具有正的εHf (t)值,且其Hf二阶段模式年龄接近冷家溪群碎屑锆石Hf二阶段模式年龄峰值(1. 4~1. 0 Ga),暗示其母岩浆有新生地壳物质的参与。梅仙花岗岩具有富硅铝、高钠、中低钾、弱过铝质,较富集Rb、Th、U、Li、LREE等元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、Sm等元素的特征,以及复杂的Eu异常(δEu=0. 58~1. 61)特征,属于或近似于火山弧花岗岩。梅仙花岗岩的Mg#值(45~59)明显高于地壳熔体的Mg#值(17~38),又暗示其母岩浆可能混入一定比例幔源物质。结合前人研究,本文认为梅仙花岗岩应是幔源岩浆底侵导致新生火成岩地壳部分熔融形成的非典型I型、I- S型花岗岩,其形成于扬子- 华夏板块陆陆碰撞后期,江南造山带构造背景由挤压向伸展转换的特殊时期。     

Major and trace element, and Sr-Nd isotope constraints on the origin of Paleogene volcanism in South China prior to the South China Sea opening

Paleogene volcanic rocks crop out in three sedimentary basins, namely, Sanshui, Heyuan and Lienping, in the attenuated continental margin of south China. Lavas from the Sanshui basin which erupted during 64-43 Ma are bimodal, consisting of intraplate tholeiitic basalt and trachyte/rhyolite associations. Similar to Cretaceous A-type granites from the nearby region, the felsic member shows peralkaline nature [Na₂O + K₂O ≈ 10–12%; (Na + K)/Al≈ 0.98−1.08], general enrichment in the incompatible trace elements and significant depletion in Ba, Sr, Eu, P and Ti. Although both types of the Sanshui lavas have rather uniform Nd isotope compositions [_Nd(T) ≈ +6 to +4]that are comparable to Late Cenozoic basalts around the South China Sea, the felsic rocks possess apparently higher initial Sr isotope ratios (I_Sr up to 0.713) and form a horizontal array to the right in the Nd vs. Sr isotope plot. Closed system differentiation of mantle-derived magmas in a ‘double diffusive’ magma chamber is considered for the bimodal volcanism, in which the trachytes and rhyolites represent A-type melts after extensive crystal fractionation in the upper portion of the chamber. Such A-type melts were later contaminated by small amounts (1–3%) of upper crustal materials during ascent. On the other hand, composition of lavas in the other two basins varies from tholeiitic basalt to andesite. Their Sr and Nd isotope ratios [I_Sr ≈ 0.705 to 0.711; _Nd(T) ≈ +1 to − 5] and generally correlative Nb-Ta depletions suggest a distinct magma chamber process involving fractional crystallization concomitant with assimilation of the country rock. We conclude that these Paleogene volcanic activities resulted from the lithospheric extension in south China that migrated southwards and eventually led to opening of the South China Sea during 30-16 Ma.     

吉南地区古元古代双岔巨斑状花岗岩成因及其构造意义:岩石学、年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素证据

双岔岩体位于华北克拉通东部陆块辽吉活动带内,岩性主要为巨斑状石榴石黑云母二长花岗岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明该岩体形成于1890±21Ma。岩石A/CNK1.1属于强过铝质岩石,CaO/Na2O0.3,微量元素显示Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti、P的亏损,指示与弧岩浆的亲缘性。全岩同位素特征是:εNd(t)=-4.7~-4.1,ISr值介于0.7050~0.7110,εHf(t)值变化范围为-3.5~2.2,与~2.17Ga条痕状花岗岩和变粒岩-浅粒岩在1890Ma时的同位素组成大致吻合,指示其源岩应主要为成熟度较低的变质砂岩,主要源区为条痕状花岗岩和变粒岩-浅粒岩。双岔花岗岩具有较低的SiO 2含量(71%),较高的FeO T+MgO+TiO 2含量(除SC-1外都大于4%),较低的Sr/Y和(La/Yb)N比值及较高的Rb/Sr比值以及明显的Eu负异常,说明源岩可能有部分变质玄武岩卷入。Nd同位素模拟结果显示双岔巨斑状花岗岩的源岩中可有20%~30%的变质玄武岩。部分样品的Rb/Sr、Rb/Ba比值特征与泥质原岩相似,显示源区也有少量的泥质岩。岩石低的Al2O3/TiO 2比值及变质熔融残余的石榴石和夕线石,说明岩浆形成于高温中压环境,上涌的软流圈加热地壳使源岩发生部分熔融,是辽吉活动带由挤压向伸展转换的产物,标志着辽吉带古元古代造山作用的结束。     

Transpression and juxtaposition of middle crust over upper crust forming a crustal scale flower structure: Insight from structural,fabric, and kinematic studies from the Rengali Province,eastern India

Deformational, metamorphic, monazite age and fabric data from Rengali Province, eastern India converge towards a multi-scale transpressional deformational episode at ca. 498–521 Ma which is linked with the latest phase of tectonic processes operative at proto-India-Antarctica join. Detailed sector wise study on mutual overprinting relationships of macro-to microstructural elements suggest that deformation was regionally partitioned into fold-thrust dominated shortening zones alternating with zones of dominant transcurrent deformation bounded between the thrust sense Barkot Shear Zone in the north and the dextral Kerajang Fault Zone in the south. The strain partitioned zones are further restricted between two regional transverse shear zones, the sinistral Riamol Shear Zone in the west and the dextral Akul Fault Zone in the east which are interpreted as synthetic R and antithetic R' Riedel shear plane, respectively. The overall structural disposition has been interpreted as a positive flower structure bounded between the longitudinal and transverse faults with vertical extrusion and symmetric juxtaposition of mid-crustal amphibolite grade basement gneisses over low-grade upper crustal rocks emanating from the central axis of the transpressional belt.