Place-Based Pathways to Proenvironmental Behavior: Empirical Evidence for a Conservation–Recreation Model

This study expands existing models of proenvironmental behavior (PEB) to examine the potentially important and interacting influences of nature-based recreation and sense of place on participation in conservation-oriented activities. We tested hypothesized relationships using a structural equation modeling approach that accounted for common behavioral antecedents within a sample of 1,124 nature-based recreationists and property owners in rural counties of New York, USA. We found that place attachment played an important role in strengthening connections between nature-based recreation and PEB. Birdwatching and hunting participation contributed independently and significantly to PEB, both directly and indirectly through effects on place meanings and place attachment. While birdwatching appeared to influence place attachment by impacting environmental place meanings, hunting exerted similar effects by affecting sociocultural place meanings. Ultimately, our synthesis results in the articulation of a comprehensive conservation–recreation model that could help researchers and practitioners identify and explore novel pathways to PEB.     

基于结构方程模型的城市公园居民游憩满意度

城市公园是承载居民日常游憩的主要空间,度量居民在城市公园的游憩满意度对于改善公园的游憩品质具有重要意义。结合城市公园的游憩特征和影响因素,文章构建了用于测度居民游憩满意度(RRSI)的结构方程模型;并以北京城市公园为例,在量表设计和问卷调查基础上,对居民游憩满意度进行了研究。研究结果表明,在影响居民游憩满意度的三大潜变量中,可达程度对居民游憩满意度影响最大,其次分别是感知质量和感知价值。深入分析发现,可达程度中的“公共交通”、“与居住区距离”,感知质量中的“景观品质”、“休憩设施”、“公园治安”、“文娱活动”、“标识系统”,感知价值中的“门票及消费”等观测变量对潜变量的作用更明显,是影响居民游憩满意度的主要因子。在研究结果的基础上,文章提出了改善城市公园游憩品质可资借鉴的政策建议。     

城市家庭居住地选址的空间异质性分析——以美国佛罗里达州橙县为例

家庭选择居住地的行为天然具有空间性, 因而空间异质性效应是家庭居住地选址建模不可忽视的因素。传统的居住地选址模型基于空间一致性假设, 即假设影响因素对家庭的居住地选择行为的影响在空间上一致, 因而忽略了空间异质性效应。基于多项Logit 模型构建了居住地选址模型, 并在两个空间尺度和5 个子区域中分别应用该模型, 来反映影响因素的影响作用在空间上的变化。以美国佛罗里达州橙县家庭选址为例进行实证研究, 结果表明:家庭居住地选址行为的影响因素在不同的空间位置和空间尺度上具有不同的作用, 因而存在显著的空间异质性。尽管以美国地区为例, 但所得结论对国内案例区研究同样具有借鉴意义。     

Determinants for water consumption from improved sources in rural villages of southern Mali

Water supply must take into consideration a variety of factors, including consumer habits, options and needs. Little is known about water demands in rural areas of developing regions. Based on data from southern Mali, this paper banks on the hypothesis that water consumption in rural villages can be predicted by combining measurable variables with spatial analyses. A ten-day field campaign was carried out at the end of the dry season 2016. All improved water sources were checked for functionality, flow rate and water quality. Outcomes were coupled with those from over one-hundred household interviews and incorporated into a geographic database. Buffered network analyses were used to quantify the main spatial determinants for water use. Simple and multiple regression models were then developed to establish the main predictors for per capita and household water consumption. Multiple regression reveals that models based on the number of household members, travel time and total travel distance provide robust forecasts for water consumption (R² > 0.93). Conversely, potentially relevant parameters such as affordability or water quality were not statistically significant. This could be attributed to the presence of free water sources and to the absence of quality-monitoring, respectively. Outcomes also suggest that having access to basic means of transportation, such as pushcarts, doubles water consumption at the household level. In terms of access to improved water sources, coverage was found to be lower in practice than on paper. These outcomes contribute to the growing body of literature that challenges the widely accepted assumption that 90% of the world population has access to safe drinking supplies.     

游憩环境、游憩体验对游客满意度和行为意向的影响——以海南东寨港红树林旅游区为例

以往对于旅游地的研究多关注"游憩体验-游客满意度-游客行为意向"的因果关系,却忽视了旅游地的游憩环境因素与其它变量间的关联机制,对于环境服务功能显著的生态旅游地尤为如此.以海南省东寨港红树林旅游区为案例地,从游客感知的视角,探讨游憩环境、游憩体验、游客满意度及其行为意向等多维变量之间的逻辑关系;建立了以游憩环境和游憩体...     

农业产业化地域模式初步研究——以江苏省为例

农业产业化地域模式为适应于不同农业地域主导产品优势、市场指向、农村经济发展水平与农民组织化程度的主要农业产业化模式。江苏省内农业与农村经济的区域差异显,对不同地区农业产业化地域模式的形成与选择有重要影响。苏南地区宜以加工企业带动型、专业市场辐射型、主导产品依托型为主;苏北地区宜以中介组织服务型、多元参与型为主,在大城市郊区和出口农产品基地区也要着力发展加工企业带动型模式。     

Land,Labor, and Rural Development: Analyzing Participation in India's Village Dairy Cooperatives

Livestock-based livelihoods are currently being promoted by international development agencies as part of global efforts to combat poverty. India's dairy development program, organized around village cooperatives, has become an important model for such efforts. This article aims to identify household characteristics that influence membership in India's rural dairy cooperatives by comparing two villages representing different degrees of success. Utilizing logistic regression methods, data collected through a comprehensive survey of all households in the two villages are analyzed to examine (1) how variables describing animal ownership, agricultural attributes, and household labor availability contribute to explaining membership in the dairy cooperative; and (2) whether factors influencing membership differ across the two villages. Our results indicate that although agricultural property ownership influences cooperative membership in both villages, the kind of dairy animal used and labor utilized for dairying work also have a significant and context-specific effect on household participation.     

RELAXING ASSUMPTIONS OF PERFECT INFORMATION IN PARK VISITATION MODELS*

Variables related to urban park awareness are identified and methods for relaxing assumptions of perfect information in park use models are discussed. Park awareness is related to park characteristics (age and degree of development of the park), population characteristics (race, age, length of residence, recreation participation), and distance. Park attributes are stronger predictors of both park awareness and use than is distance. These findings parallel similar research on the cognitive aspects of shopping decisions.     

Race/Ethnicity in Visual Imagery of Dutch Nature Conservation Organizations

Nature conservation organizations in various Western countries, including the Netherlands, have noted that racial/ethnic minorities compared to Whites are “underparticipating” in recreation in natural areas and in nature conservation practices. Previous research trying to explain (under-)participation by racial/ethnic minorities in outdoor recreation and nature conservation mainly focused on characteristics of racial/ethnic groups. This study argues that nature conservation organizations themselves—although in all likelihood unintentionally—may play a role in participation of racial/ethnic minorities as well, through their promotional material. A content analysis of 22,974 pictures in magazines and on websites of four large Dutch nature conservation organizations shows that only 3.8% of the depicted people were non-White. Our results indicate that visual imagery of nature conservation organizations, at least in the Netherlands, (re)produces an image of outdoor recreation and nature conservation as being activities almost exclusively performed by Whites.     

Combining conventional and volunteered geographic information to identify and model forest recreational resources

It is now common for researchers in natural resource management and economics to develop spatial models of recreation demand for the purposes of valuation and planning. Such an approach has significant advantages but requires access to relatively detailed spatial data. In the absence of official data concerning resources, researchers may benefit from employing increasingly available volunteered geographic information (VGI) as a central source of data or to complement more traditional data sources. This paper describes the development of a map of forest recreational resources in Ireland by combining conventional forest cover data and VGI of recreational trails. As an extension the new map is combined with household survey data to explore respondent's ability to identify local recreational forests and models the impact of the characteristics of the closest forest on their annual visitation. The results suggest that VGI can be a useful resource to researchers in both the identification and characterisation of recreational resources. In addition, this paper finds that the distance to and characteristics of the nearest recreational forest has a significant impact on total annual visitation by members of the public.     

经济欠发达地区县级城镇居民休闲时间利用特征分析--以云南蒙自县为例

随着县级城镇社会经济的迅速发展,城镇居民的休闲时间日渐增多,休闲时间的利用成为人们关注的焦点。以蒙自为案例地的中国经济欠发达地区县级城镇居民的休闲时间利用结构已经日趋多样化,但主要还是集中于看电视、散步、书报业务学习、家庭娱乐、做家务等几项传统休闲方式,家庭内休闲在城镇居民的休闲活动中占了很大比重,这反映出休闲时间利用低水平的问题。县级城镇休闲设施和休闲产业都比较落后,影响了城镇居民休闲质量的提高和休闲消费、休闲经济的发展。因此,政府及有关部门应努力改善城镇的休闲设施,大力发展休闲产业,从多方面引导居民科学、有效、合理地利用休闲时间,最终促进休闲经济的发展,提高城镇居民的生活质量。     

昆明城市居民的游憩活动空间研究

以昆明市为案例地,通过问卷调查,从城市居民的游憩空间及相关影响因素分析了城市居民游憩空间的一般规律,建立了昆明城市居民的游憩空间模型,提出了城市游憩设施与规划建议.研究表明,昆明城市居民主要的游憩空间是近中距离的游憩度假地;可以划分为主要游憩空间和辅助性游憩空间;昆明城市居民的经济属性、年龄属性与居民的游憩活动空间具有相关性.     

A population based assessment of the geographical accessibility of outdoor recreation opportunities in New Zealand

Active participation in the outdoors not only provides enjoyment and adventure, but it is also important for health and promoting conservation values. The latter is particularly important for young people as they are at an impressionable stage in their lives. Geographical accessibly of recreation opportunities can be a major barrier to utlization of the New Zealand outdoors. While it would be ideal to have a variety of opportunities available to everyone regardless of residence, the distribution of opportunities is constrained by the extent of suitable lands. This research provides a population based assessment of the geographical accessibility of recreational opportunities. Accessibility has many dimensions and includes cultural, financial, and geographical barriers; therefore this research is only addressing one dimension of accessibility. Geographical Information Systems is used for the analysis, which involves a function called least-cost path analysis. This identified the travel time (using a private vehicle) via the quickest route from where people live (represented by census enumeration points) to the entry point of the recreation sites. The outputs of this research are maps and spatial statistics on the travel times to a range of recreation opportunities for different parts of New Zealand. This information is important for recreation planning. In addition, the information also provides research opportunities for modelling recreation use, especially when accessibility information is combined with landscape experience information and recreation usage statistics.     

Mapping the Urban Debtscape: The Geography of Household Debt in Canadian Cities

Abstract

Vulnerability resulting from debt is part and parcel of the risk society and a salient characteristic of current neoliberal times under financialized global capitalism. Rising indebtedness increases the susceptibility of homeowners to housing and labor market restructuring, and if the degree of leverage is very high, can threaten the solvency, living standards, and social stability of local communities. However, very little is understood regarding how levels of household indebtedness are spatially distributed within or across cities, and how private debt maps onto the geography of race, class, housing, urban form, and other social variables, especially outside of the United States. It remains unknown whether and how higher and unsustainable levels of indebtedness might be associated with urban growth, decline, suburbanization, gentrification, immigration, racialization, and/or greying. This article examines the spatial distribution of household debt in Canadian cities at multiple scales of analysis. It analyzes how levels of household debt relate to a number of key socio-demographic and housing variables from the census, including those related to changes occurring over the 2000s. It simultaneously models the geography of debt at the metropolitan and neighborhood scales using multi-level hierarchical linear modeling methods, and in doing so, it identifies some key drivers and correlates of household debt and the scales at which they operate. The article concludes by discussing the implications of the empirical findings for understanding the role of the emerging urban debtscape in the restructuring of the social geography of the city.     

旅游区游憩活动地域组合研究

针对市场导向的旅游开发战略与旅游地规划设计的整合问题,从游憩角度探讨解决这一问题的方法和技术,论文分析了游憩需求与游憩活动,设施和环境之间的相互关系,认为旅游地是由游憩活动,设施和环境及其支持系统旅游地规划的中心内容是游憩规划,游憩活动地域组合具有４种类型,３种模式。     

广州城市水上休闲交通意象空间探讨

通过对广州城市水上休闲交通意象的调查,分析了广州城市水上休闲交通意象要素的基本特点及城市水上休闲交通意象空间特征.认为广州城市水上休闲交通意象空间未能形成一个完整的结构体系,意象空间存在相互不连续的区域,城市新的发展中尚未形成向心性较强的标志点,并未有一个比较认同的"公众形象".     

基于数字足迹的城市游憩行为时空特征研究

以上海为案例,通过携程网采集数字足迹,运用集中指数、峰值指数和社会网络分析法,从时空二元视角比较居民与游客两类典型城市游憩者的行为特征。研究表明：1）居民在夏季和秋季有明显的户外游憩倾向,通常选择在非节假日出游;游客出游时间的集中指数较高,季节波动性较强,容易在寒暑假和黄金周期间形成客流高峰;2）康娱休闲类游憩资源深受本地居民喜爱;游客更偏爱知名度较高的观光旅游类游憩资源;3）居民游憩网络密度较高,核心景点的辐射能力较强,不同区域景点之间联动明显;游客游憩网络呈现小范围、多中心的空间形态,市中心的多个景点占据了重要的核心位置,彼此之间联系密切,但对其他资源的带动能力不强。     

Introduction: Rethinking Practices for Enhancing Diversity in the Discipline

This study explores the variations in household participation rates in recycling projects implemented in urban and suburban communities. A causal model is developed to compare the demographic attributes of residents, their awareness of the recycling programs, their environmental attitudes, and their overall willingness to recycle. The model is assessed by Linear Structural Equations Methodology (LISREL). The results suggest that household recycling behavior is not consistent across communities due primarily to variations in demographic characteristics of residents and their evaluation of program policies.     

家庭企划情境下郊区居民一周活动时空特征分析——以北京上地-清河为例

家庭企划是个体日常生活的重要情境,其实现依赖于家庭成员的分工和组合,同时受到时空制约与时空资源的影响.以往日常活动与交通出行研究多以家庭属性作为个体行为背景,基于个体的时间利用与活动参与进行性别差异研究,对家庭成员联合行为与分工的研究相对不足.论文借助时间地理学中企划情境的概念,从家庭企划的视角对北京上地-清河地区3个...     

Africanized honeybee habitat suitability: a comparison between models for southern Utah and southern California

The Africanized honeybee (AHB; Apis mellifera scutellata) is an invasive species which poses a threat to the United States' agricultural industry because of potential decline in pollination services. Previous research has confirmed that the AHB may still expand its range farther north and that limiting environmental factors for AHB distribution vary across the country. This study examines similarities and differences in AHB distribution and the relative importance of environmental factors between two regions of the southwestern United States: southern Utah and southern California. The Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling approach was used to create two species distribution models of the AHB. First a model was created based on AHB presence data in Utah. This model was used to estimate the Utah distribution and also to project the California distribution based on Utah environmental preferences. The second model was created to predict distribution in California and to project distribution in Utah based on AHB environmental preferences in California. The level of influence of each variable was measured through percent contribution and permutation importance. Model performance was assessed through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Models estimated AHB presence with high accuracy (AUC > 0.95) in original environments, but were less accurate (AUC < 0.8) in novel environments. Minimum temperature was the primary controlling factor of AHB distribution in each model, and other variables followed similar ranking of importance between the two models. Species response curves varied substantially between the two models. Models did not transfer well from one region to the other because of local differences in response curves and the relative importance of environmental variables, suggesting that AHB in these regions may not have realized their potential geographic range.