土体固结弹塑性分析的参数二次规划理论及有限元解

基于广义Ｂｉｏｔ理论对土体弹塑性固结过程进行求解，建立了问题对应的参变量变分理论，并给出了数学证明，对此基础上推导了有限元分析列式，问题的求解最终化为参数二次规划问题，本文提出的方法适用于固结弹塑性分析的关联与非关流流动问题，也可处理各类软化问题。     

Parametric variational principle for elastic–plastic consolidation analysis of saturated porous media

Finite element procedures for numerical solution of various engineering problems are often based on variational formulations. In this paper, a parametric variational principle applicable to elastic-plastic coupled field problems in consolidation analysis of saturated porous media is presented. This principle can be used to solve problems where materials are inconsistent with Drucker's postulate of stability, such as in non-associated plasticity flow or softening problems. The finite element formulation was given, and it can be solved by either the conventional method or a parametric quadratic programming method.     

动力固结流—固耦合模型的求解方法

以三维多孔介质中基本方程为基础，提出了动力固结问题的力学模型，给出了相应的变分原理及其有限元格式，用轴对称问题的有限单元法模拟了单点单次夯击过程，给出了详细的求解方法及算例，并将计算结果与现场实测资料作了比较。     

三维径向点插值无网格法及其在流固耦合中的应用

径向基函数点插值无网格法(radial point interpolation method,RPIM)是一种新型的无网格法,其形函数具有插值特性,且形式简单,易于施加本质边界条件。文中介绍了径向基函数点插值无网格法的基本原理,推导了三维情况下点插值无网格法的基本公式。从变分原理出发,结合比奥固结理论,建立了流-固耦合的三维点插值无网格法基本方程和数值积分方法,并开发了相应计算程序。通过三维悬臂梁和单向固结问题的数值试验,验证了该方法对三维弹性问题和流-固耦合问题的适用性和有效性     

双层散体材料桩复合地基固结理论

研究了考虑涂抹效应和应力集中效应的双层散体材料桩复合地基固结解析解及其工程应用,分不同情况讨论了特征根的可能变化规律,也讨论了解析解转化为双层竖井地基以及双层天然地基的普遍适用性。研究发现,固结速率随井径比的减小、水平向渗透系数比的增大和桩体刚度的增大而增加;底面排水条件对双层散体材料桩复合地基的固结影响,在井径比不是很大的情况下影响不大;是否考虑应力集中效应对计算结果影响较大。     

A variational principle for granular materials

A major problem in the mathematical modelling of the deformation of granular materials has been the lack of an easily usable variational principle. This is because the frictional dissipation of energy in these materials does not allow the use of the classical extremum principles. In this paper, a variational principle is constructed which is valid even when frictional dissipation occurs. Its derivation uses results from the mathematical theory of envelopes. Both the stresses and the strains can be varied, and for the case of non-frictional plasticity it reduces to the maximum work principle of Hill. An example is presented to show how this new principle can be used to obtain approximate solutions to boundary-value problems with granular materials. The only requirements in advance are a displacement field that obeys the kinematic boundary conditions, and a stress field that obeys equilibrium and the static boundary conditions. The principle is therefore quite straightforward to apply.     

强夯法加固地基的多重耦合分析

强夯法加固地基的机理非常复杂,影响因素众多,且涉及到多重耦合现象。笔者综合考虑地基士的流、固、动力耦合和地基与夯锤接触表面的动力耦合情况,给出了基于三维有限单元法的计算方法和迭代格式,并对一具体算例进行了耦合数值分析,总结了地基位移、应力及接触反力等在强夯作用时间内的变化规律和在空间上的分布特征。经与实际工程资料对比,结果令人满意。说明所建立的耦合方法可用于强夯加固法求解,并提出了适宜动力分析的有效方法,可应用于其它同类问题的分析计算中。     

Plates on saturated porous elastic foundations

The problem of plates on consolidating soil is considered. Biot's three-dimensional consolidation theory, the generalization of Terzaghi's model, is employed to account for the consolidation process. A mathematical model is developed and the differential equations governing the system together with the proper boundary conditions are derived. A variational formulation of the problem and a convenient approximate method of solution are also presented. For numerical analysis, the problem of a rectangular plate on consolidating soil under various loading conditions is numerically solved and the effects of various physical factors on the settlements and the pore pressures are studied.     

钻孔变截面灌注桩的荷载传递特性

以某一工程钻孔变截面灌注试桩为例,采用三维有限元分析方法,研究了相同土质条件下,变截面桩和等截面桩在竖向桩顶加载方式下荷载传递机理的异同;并通过引入相对摩阻力R_τ,进一步分析了桩型对桩侧摩阻力发挥程度的影响。结果显示:相对摩阻力R_τ等于1.0,表明桩侧摩阻力充分发挥;相对摩阻力R_τ大于1.0,表明桩侧摩阻力表现为强化现象;相对摩阻力R_τ小于1.0,则桩侧摩阻力表现为软化现象。      

拖带坐标系下的固结理论及其变分原理

本文采用陈至达教授的S-R应变定义建立了拖带坐标系下的三维大变形固结理论,摒弃了经典固结理论中小变形的限制,证明了大变形固结理论的能量率变分原理及其广义变分原理。     

用孔压静力触探求固结系数的研究

为探讨利用孔压静力触探求取土层固结系数的可行性与规律, 在珠江三角洲软土地区进行了大量孔压静力触探超孔压消散试验.对试验场地、设备和方法作了简明扼要地介绍, 重点分析了试验机理及结果, 并将孔压消散试验估算的固结系数与室内固结试验得到的试验值以及现场沉降资料反算值作了比较, 证明它们之间有很好的规律性, 且用孔压静探所求固结系数更接近于实际值.      

Variational principles and finite element method for stress analysis of porous media

A number of variational principles are established in this paper for the stress analysis of porous media with compressible constituents. A three-dimensional finite element method is proposed based on the variational principle. The finite element method thus established is applied to the study of the temperature, deformation and flow field associated with the water-flood technique in secondary recovery projects for oil exploration. In the study model, the layout of injection wells and production wells is considered to have a regular pattern where symmetry conditions exist. The injection fluid diffuses slowly into the formation through a vertical crack which is initially generated by an explosion. The problem is analysed by a plane strain formulation with the effects of heat conduction and convection included.     

真空联合堆载预压法作用机理及其应用

沿海地区海相沉积的软土地基加固以排水固结为主要方法,但随着工程要求的提高,加固方法也不断发展经体的综合讨论了真空联合堆载预压法的基本原理,加固特点与效果,该法利用真空预压法与堆载预压法加固效果可以叠加的原理,在超软基上可以获得较真空预压法更大的预压荷重,获得更佳的加固效果,同时结合一些工程应用实例具体分析了真空联合堆载预压法的应用效果与发展前景。     

饱水粘性土主固结理论

对饱水软粘土的预压排水主固结研究应从其排水的本质出发, 即从软土在预压过程的含水量变化上研究主固结量的变化规律, 利用土的基本性质指标导出主固结比基本公式及主固结量(沉降量)、绝对主固结量、绝对固结度等理论计算方法.与传统的算法不一样的地方是这些算法与预压荷载(即固结应力) 无关系, 直接计算出主固结的效果及评价预压排水固结地基处理卸载的可行性.利用上述基本公式亦可导出剩余主固结量、主固结速率等计算式.通过实例的分析, 证明上述理论方法与观测的数据基本相符.      

基于不同客观本构关系的路基大变形固结分析

针对路基大变形固结分析中常用的Jaumann率型本构关系不能考虑邻域变形之影响的缺点,将Truesdell率型本构关系引入到大变形固结理论。采用虚功原理和Galerkin加权残值法,推导了基于不同客观本构关系的大变形固结有限元方程。编制相应的平面应变有限元程序对路基大变形固结性状进行分析,主要讨论了Truesdell率型、Jaumann率型、简化Jaumann率型等3种大变形本构关系对路基固结性状的影响。算例分析结果表明：基于常用的Jaumann率型本构关系的大变形固结分析得到的路基沉降量、侧向位移和孔压等均偏大于基于Truesdell率型本构关系时的相应结果。小变形本构矩阵不能反映客观性要求,将导致计算结果产生较大偏差。对常见问题而言,Jaumann率型和Truesdell率型本构关系对计算结果的影响并不很大,传统分析方法在变形较小时仍具有较高精度。     

确定固结系数的固结速率半对数法

基于太沙基一维固结理论,推导了固结速率与固结时间的解析关系,为固结系数的求解开辟了新方法。该方法避免了图解法的缺陷,消除了初始沉降和次固结的影响。求解中采用最小二乘法原理,便于计算机数据处理。通过与现有方法比较,发现该方法准确、可靠和简便,可以在实际工程中推广应用。     

大变形有效应力分析退化为总应力分析的新方法

传统方法在将有效应力分析向总应力分析退化时,一般采用将所有节点的孔压置为0的办法,这相当于对所有节点引入0压边界条件而影响了程序的通用性。将广义Terzaghi有效应力原理引入大变形固结理论中,并推导了其增量有限元方程。提出将广义有效应力系数置为0的新方法,实现了大变形有效应力分析向总应力分析的退化。新方法概念清晰,操作简单,不需要修改边界条件,可增强大变形有效应力分析程序的通用性。通过算例分析,证明了新方法的有效性。应用中可分别将广义有效应力系数置为1和0,对同一模型经过2次运算后,可对任意点在任意加荷条件下的固结沉降、最终沉降、固结度等指标进行准确评估,为工程设计和施工控制提供有效的分析手段。     

A variational approach for vertical deformation analysis of pile group

A variational approach for the analysis of vertical deformation of pile groups is presented. The method assumes that the deformation of piles can be represented by a finite series. The method applies the principle of minimum potential energy to determine the deformation of piles. Using this method, an analytical solution for pile groups in soil modelled by the theoretical load–transfer curves can be obtained rigorously. Analysis of field tests indicates that the method can predict the performance of pile groups reasonably well.     

Semi-analytical solution to one-dimensional consolidation for viscoelastic unsaturated soils

This paper presents a semi-analytical solution to one-dimensional consolidation of viscoelastic unsaturated soils with a finite thickness under oedometric conditions and subjected to a sudden loading. The solution is obtained by using Lee’s correspondence principle based on the semi-analytical solution to one-dimensional consolidation of elastic unsaturated soils. The boundary contains the top surface permeable to water and air and the bottom impermeable to water and air. A typical example is given to show the evolution of excess pore-air and pore-water pressures as well as the total degree of consolidation of the soil layer with time for different ratios of air–water permeability coefficient, elastic modulus and viscoelastic coefficient. The one-dimensional consolidation behavior of viscoelastic unsaturated soil is discussed according to the semi-analytical solution. These results contribute to a better understanding of the consolidation behavior of viscoelastic unsaturated soils.