太平洋调查区多金属结核的地球化学特征和成因

东太结核主要为半埋藏和埋藏型,发育于以黏土和硅质组分为主的沉积环境。东太结核的锰相矿物主要有水羟锰矿和钡镁锰矿,具有较高的REY、Cu、Ni含量和Mn/Fe比值,显示遭受间隙水的影响,落入水成成因和成岩成因两个区间范围。西太结核主体暴露在海水中,周围沉积物主要由深海黏土组成。西太结核的锰相矿物几乎只有水羟锰矿,具有较高的REY、Co含量和低Mn/Fe比值,属于典型的水成成因型。两个区域的多金属结核的稀土北美页岩标准化模式均显示Ce正异常、Y负异常和无或弱Eu异常,与海水稀土特征构成良好的耦合关系,是多金属结核对海水稀土选择性富集的结果。西太结核相对东太结核具有更高的Ce含量和δCe,Co、Ti与Ce具有良好的正相关关系。研究认为海水中溶解氧并不一定是控制结核Ce正异常程度的关键因素,Co、Ti等元素及其相关组分能够引起Ce与其他稀土元素的强烈分馏,也可能是影响多金属结核Ce正异常程度的控制因素。研究区多金属结核和富钴结壳表层样的ε_Nd范围为-6.6~-2.5,是全球最富放射性成因Nd的海洋铁锰壳层。结合稀土模式以及Eu异常特征,本研究认为多金属结核的稀土主要来自ε_Nd相对较高的周围陆壳,可以通过河流或者大气沉降等方式输送到大洋,而研究区广泛分布的海山玄武岩释放的放射性成因Nd同位素对海水的影响微弱。     

南海边缘海多金属结核与大洋多金属结核对比

本文通过系统对比分析前人研究成果,研究了南海边缘海多金属结核的成矿特征,结果表明：南海边缘海结核的矿物组成与大洋结核相似,均主要由锰相矿物和铁相矿物组成,其中锰相矿物主要为水羟锰矿和钡镁锰矿,铁相矿物主要以无定型铁氧化/氢氧化物形式存在,另外南海边缘海结核中含有大量硅酸盐矿物,表明在南海结核成矿过程中受到大量的陆源碎屑矿物混杂;相对于大洋主要经济成矿区的多金属结核,南海边缘海多金属结核中主要的经济元素如Mn、Cu、Co、Ni和Zn质量分数较低,而亲陆源性元素如Fe、Ti、P、Nb、Pb、Rb、Sc、Ta、Sr、Th和REY（REE和Y）等质量分数较高;南海边缘海多金属结核的元素地球化学特征和REE配分模式显示其为水成成因,并呈现更低的Mn/Fe值;同时南海边缘海结核也具有较快的平均生长速率及较高的δCe正异常,表明其生长在更为氧化的海水环境。虽然较快的沉积物沉积速率和动荡的海水环境影响了南海边缘海结核的成矿,但大量陆源物质进入海洋也为南海边缘海结核提供了丰富的成矿物质来源,便于南海边缘海结核的快速生长成矿。南海边缘海结核富集有Fe、Ti、Pb、Rb、Th和REY等金属元素,同样可以作为极具潜力的海洋矿产资源。南海边缘海多金属结核具有其独特的地球化学特征,与大洋多金属结核存在着明显差异。     

滇东北会泽灯影组硅质岩成因及沉积环境——来自岩石学和地球化学证据

通过1：50 000区域地质调查,发现云南省会泽县一带灯影组中普遍发育硅质岩。本文通过硅质岩岩石学特征和地球化学特征分析,重点探讨了灯影组各段硅质岩的成因机制和沉积环境。结果表明：震旦系-寒武系灯影组下段硅质岩中相对富集Al和Ti,总稀土（ΣREE）相对较高,Ce呈负异常,Eu呈正异常;中段硅质岩中相对富集Ca和Mg,总稀土较低,LREE>HREE,Ce呈负异常,Eu呈正异常;上段硅质岩总稀土较低,LREE>HREE,Ce大部分呈负异常,Eu呈正负异常。综合硅质岩岩石学、地球化学特征,并结合震旦纪区域地质构造演化,认为研究区内下段硅质岩表现为正常海水沉积、中段硅质岩表现为典型热水沉积、上段表现出正常海水沉积受热水沉积影响的特征。硅质岩形成于复杂大陆边缘的浅海陆棚环境。     

Origin of natural sulfur-metal chimney in the Tangyin hydrothermal field,Okinawa Trough: constraints from rare earth element and sulfur isotopic compositions

For the first time, we present the rare earth element (REE) and sulfur isotopic composition of hydrothermal precipitates recovered from the Tangyin hydrothermal field (THF), Okinawa Trough at a water depth of 1206 m. The natural sulfur samples exhibit the lowest ΣREE concentrations (ΣREE= 0.65×10^–6–4.580×10^–6) followed by metal sulfides (ΣREE=1.71×10^–6–11.63×10^–6). By contrast, the natural sulfur-sediment samples have maximum ΣREE concentrations (ΣREE=11.54×10^–6–33.06×10^–6), significantly lower than those of the volcanic and sediment samples. Nevertheless, the δEu, δCe, (La/Yb)_N, La/Sm, (Gd/Yb)_N and normalized patterns of the natural sulfur and metal sulfide show the most similarity to the sediment. Most hydrothermal precipitate samples are characterized by enrichments of LREE (LREE/HREE=10.09–24.53) and slightly negative Eu anomalies or no anomaly (δEu=0.48–0.99), which are different from the hydrothermal fluid from sediment-free mid-oceanic ridges and back-arc basins, but identical to the sulfides from the Jade hydrothermal field. The lower temperature and more oxidizing conditions produced by the mixing between seawater and hydrothermal fluids further attenuate the leaching ability of hydrothermal fluid, inducing lower REE concentrations for natural sulfur compared with metal sulfide; meanwhile, the negative Eu anomaly is also weakened or almost absent. The sulfur isotopic compositions of the natural sulfur (δ³⁴S=3.20‰–5.01‰, mean 4.23‰) and metal sulfide samples (δ³⁴S=0.82‰–0.89‰, mean 0.85‰) reveal that the sulfur of the chimney is sourced from magmatic degassing.     

Rare earth elements and strontium isotopes of polymetallic nodules from southeastern Pacific Ocean

Rare earth element (REE) distributions and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios were determined for nodule crusts and associated surface sediments collected in the southeastern Pacific Ocean between South America and the Tuamotu archipelago. The shale-normalized patterns of the REE from the surface sediments show pronounced negative anomalies in Ce which indicate a marine origin. One ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio also has a value characteristic for seawater strontium. REE patterns from the nodule crusts, when normalized to shales, seawater or associated surface sediment, show that a marine origin can also be proposed for the oxy-hydroxides. Only the Ce shows a systematic scatter, which could be the result of fluctuations in the oxidation-reduction conditions during nodule growth. The marine origin for REE is corroborated by the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios which average 0 · 70905 ± 0 · 00019 (2σ), a value close to the seawater ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0·70910 ± 0 · 00035. If the major metals of the polymetallic nodules have the same origin as these trace elements, then a direct precipitation from seawater can be postulated for the crusts studied here.     

西太平洋海山富钴结壳的稀土和铂族元素特征及其意义

为了探讨富钴结壳的稀土和铂族元素是否有相似的形成机制,对西太平洋海山富钴结壳稀土和铂族元素进行了类比研究.结果表明:富钴结壳的∑REY范围为1 433.7×10-6~2 888.0×10-6,其中Ce占到近50%,北美页岩标准化后显示较平坦的稀土模式和显著的Ce正异常特征.根据稀土配分模式及已有的Nd同位素结果,富钴结壳具有亲陆壳属性.富钴结壳具有极高的Pt (115.5×10-9~1 132.0×10-9)、(Pt/Pd)_N和 (Pt/Os)_N值,Ir与Pt及Rh与Pt显示良好相关性.经球粒陨石标准化后显示较一致PGE (platinum-group elements) 配分模式,从Os到Pt逐渐富集,Pd元素强烈亏损.已有的Os同位素研究结果显示物源在地质历史时期从幔源属性向陆源属性变化,但富钴结壳PGE元素内部相对含量仍在一定程度上保持稳定.研究认为:富钴结壳对海水中的稀土清扫具有选择性,Ce的正异常恰恰是结壳对海水稀土中Ce的优先选择造成的,从而导致海水亏损Ce.然而海水中Ce的亏损并未改变新形成富钴结壳的稀土模式,原因是在海洋中存在适量的具有亏损Ce特征的磷酸盐等组分,理论上只需要氧化物类稀土与磷酸盐类稀土消耗的稀土与海水中的补给平衡即可.只是在相关过程中,海洋中氧化物类对稀土的选择更具有主动性,而磷酸盐类表现更多的继承关系.尽管Os同位素显示物源供给发生变化,然而富钴结壳PGE模式相对稳定.因此富钴结壳PGE模式同样可以用富钴结壳对PGE的选择性吸收解释,因富钴结壳优先选择Pt与Ir以及相对排斥Pd和Os,形成了现有独特的PGE模式.      

Geochemistry of Platinum Group and Rare Earth Elements of the Polymetallic Layer in the Lower Cambrian, Weng’an, Guizhou Province

Abstract: The black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Weng’an, on the Yangtze platform of south China, contain voluminous polymetallic sulfide deposits. A comprehensive geochemical investigation of trace, rare earth, and platinum group elements (PGE) has been undertaken in order to discuss its ore genesis and correlation with the tectono-depositional setting. The ore-bearing layers enrich molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), lead (Pb), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) , uranium (U) , arsenic (As), and rare earth elements (REE) in abundance. High uranium/thorium (U/Th) ratios (U/Th>1) indicated that mineralization was mainly influenced by the hydrothermal process. The dU value was above 1.9, showing a reducing sedimentary condition. The REE patterns showed high enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) (heavy rare earth elements (HREE) (LREE/HREE=5–17), slightly negative europium (Eu) and cerium (Ce) anomalies (dEu=0.81–0.93), and positive Ce anomalies (dCe=0.76–1.12). PGE abundance was characterized by the PGE-type distribution patterns, enriching platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru) and osmium (Os). The Pt/Pd ratio was 0.8, which is close to the ratios of seawater and ultramafic rocks. All of these geochemical features suggest that the mineralization was triggered by hydrothermal activity in an extensional setting in the context of break-up of the Rodinian supercontinent.     

羌塘盆地那底岗日地区布曲组碳酸盐岩烃源岩稀土元素分布特征及意义

对采自羌塘盆地那底岗日地区布曲组碳酸盐岩烃源岩进行了稀土元素地球化学研究,分析结果表明:海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩稀土总量(∑REE)最大值75.21μg/g,最小值20.58μg/g,平均值为36.67μg/g.稀土元素北美页岩标准化后具有相对富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土的特点.布曲组碳酸盐岩烃源岩Ce/Ce*值为0.83～0.9...     

滇东富乐铅锌矿区地层稀土元素地球化学

通过对罗平富乐铅锌矿区地层及矿石进行了稀土元素地球化学特征对比研究.结果显示,梁山组样品 ΣREE值25.91×10-6~108.40×10-6,δEu值0.35~0.73,δCe值0.64~1.35.具Eu负异常和Ce弱正异常;阳新组碳酸盐岩样品 ΣREE值0.82×10-6~6.75×10-6,δEu值0.15~0.97,δCe值0.22~0.62,具Eu负异常和Ce负异常;玄武岩样品 ΣREE值204.17×10-6~290.57×10-6,δEu值变化范围0.91~0.97,δCe值1.02~1.03,Eu异常和Ce异常不明显.峨眉山玄武岩、阳新组、梁山组岩石与矿石REE配分模式比较区别明显,暗示成矿物质并非这些地层提供另有其它来源;梁山组及含矿地层阳新组样品为轻稀土富集型,并具有Eu负异常,暗示地层可能形成于被动大陆边缘还原环境.     

太平洋多金属结核和富钴结壳稀土元素地球化学对比及其地质意义

多金属结核和富钴结壳是大洋两类典型的铁锰产物。为探讨不同海区多金属结核和富钴结壳之间稀土元素特点及其揭示的地质意义,利用近年中国在太平洋获取的样品进行对比,采用ICP-AES对稀土元素测试。结果表明,结壳具有正Ce异常明显、LREE富集、∑REE高的特点,而结核表现为HREE相对富集、∑REE相对较低,因成因类型不同,Ce异常或表现为正异常、负异常或异常不明显。结核形成后受到成岩作用的影响,而结壳则为水成作用形成;结核和结壳中REE的存在形式比较复杂,不同海区各不相同,中太平洋东部产出的结壳和位于东太平洋的结核中REE可能主要赋存于铁矿物相,而西太平洋结壳REE可能主要赋存于锰矿物相;结核和结壳REE可能分别来自海水和海山蚀变玄武岩,热液作用影响有限。     

Geochemistry of the Eocene limestones of the Jaisalmer basin,Rajasthan, India: Implications on depositional conditions and sources of rare earth elements

Major, trace and rare earth elements (REE) concentration of the Eocene limestones, Jaisalmer Basin, Rajasthan, India are analysed to reconstruct the depositional conditions and to identify sources of REEs. Among the major oxides, CaO is the dominant oxide followed by SiO₂ in the studied limestones. Trace element Ba dominates over the other trace elements and it shows negative correlation with CaO. The Sr, occurring in small concentration, shows positive correlation with CaO. Other trace elements such as V, Zr, Sc, Y, Rb, Ni, Pb Co, Cu, U occur in small concentrations. The studied limestones show a positive correlation of ΣREE with Fe₂O₃, Ni, Th, Sc, and Y. These limestones possess sea-water like shale-normalized REE + Y pattern with light REE depletion, slight Gd enrichment, slightly positive La anomaly, positive Y anomaly, positive Eu anomaly, negative Ce anomaly and superchondritic Y/Ho ratio from 23.12 to 28.57. The dominance of CaO and low percentage of MgO suggest that mineral phase is calcite and there is absence of dolomitization. The occurrence of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ in appreciable percentages may be because of the siliciclastic input during the limestone precipiatetion. The low concentration of Uranium (0.4-3.7) and authigenic Uranium (Average Total U-Th/3 value = 0.74) indicate that the studied limestones were precipitated in oxic condition from seawater. The depletion of LREE suggests that the limestones were precipitated from the seawater. The positive correlation of ΣREE with Al₂O₃ Fe₂O₃, Ni, Th, Sc, and Y and negative correlation with CaO suggest an input of siliciclastic sediments from the land during limestone precipitation. The negative Ce anomaly, slightly positive La anomaly, slight Gd enrichment, positive Y anomaly, and positive Eu anomaly also suggest that the limestone was precipitated from the seawater with some siliciclastic input from continent. The low values of the Y/Ho ratio (23.12 to 28.57) in the studied limestones suggest some modification of the seawater by the input of freshwater in a coastal environment. The REEs of the studied limestones are correlable with the shallow sea water REEs with exception of a few elements. We envisage a coastal/shallow marine depositional environment where mixing of the continental material in sea water appears feasible.     

渝东南地区石牛栏组稀土元素地球化学特征及地质意义

渝东南地区的下志留统石牛栏组作为重要的油气储集层,研究其古环境变化、物质来源及物源区构造背景具有重要意义。本文采用稀土元素总量w(ΣREE)、REE配分模式、以及w(ΣLREE)/w(ΣHREE)、w(La)_N/w(Yb)_N、w(Ce)_N/w(Yb)_N、w(La)_N/w(Sm)_N、w(Gd)_N/w(Yb)_N、δEu、δCe、Ce_(anom)等特征值研究方法,对渝东南下志留统石牛栏组典型剖面的稀土元素特征及古海洋环境和物源进行深入研究。结果表明:石牛栏组灰岩稀土元素总量略低于大陆地壳平均值,轻稀土较为富集,重稀土亏损,铕明显负异常,铈负异常较微弱。w(ΣREE)证实了石牛栏组的沉积水体由浅缓慢变深再急剧变浅的变化过程。Eu负异常、Ce负异常和C_(eanom)值均揭示石牛栏组沉积时期海水具有弱还原性。REE的分异程度反映了石牛栏组从沉积早期到沉积晚期,沉积速率总体降低。稀土元素的比值特征及w(ΣREE)—w(La)/w(Yb)图解表明其物源源自雪峰山隆起,源岩主要为沉积岩。     

黔北黑色岩系稀土元素地球化学特征及成因意义

本文采用ICPMS方法研究了黔北下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系的稀土元素地球化学特征和形成条件。黑色岩系稀土总量在金属富集层之Mo矿层中出现峰值,向剖面上、下大致依次减小,代表了一种非正常海水沉积作用。Eu、Ce呈负异常,反映黑色岩系形成于干燥气候的陆棚边缘浅海的还原环境。稀土模式,连同La/YbCe/La、La/YbREE图解特征,说明黑色岩系为正常海水与岩浆热卤水混合沉积的产物。     

Genesis for Rare Earth Elements Enrichment in the Permian Manganese Deposits in Zunyi,Guizhou Province,SW China

The Zunyi manganese deposits, which formed during the Middle to Late Permian period and are located in northern Guizhou and adjacent areas, are the core area of a series of large-medium scale manganese enrichment minerogenesis in the southern margin and interior of the Yangtze platform, Southern China. This study reports the universal enrichment of rare earth elements(REEs) in Zunyi manganese deposits and examines the enrichment characteristics, metallogenic environment and genesis of REEs. The manganese ore bodies present stratiform or stratoid in shape, hosted in the silicon–mud–limestones of the Late Permian Maokou Formation. The manganese ores generally present lamellar, massive, banded and brecciated structures, and mainly consist of rhodochrosite, ropperite, tetalite, capillitite, as well as contains paragenetic gangue minerals including pyrite, chalcopyrite, rutile, barite, tuffaceous clay rock, etc. The manganese ores have higher ΣREE contents range from 158 to 1138.9 ppm(average 509.54 ppm). In addition, the ΣREE contents of tuffaceous clay rock in ore beds vary from 1032.2 to 1824.5 ppm(average 1396.42 ppm). The REEs from manganese deposits are characterized by La, Ce, Nd and Y enriched, and existing in the form of independent minerals(e.g., monazite and xenotime), indicating Zunyi manganese deposits enriched in light rare earth elements(LREE). The Ce_(anom) ratios(average-0.13) and lithofacies and paleogeography characteristics indicate that Zunyi manganese deposits were formed in a weak oxidation-reduction environment. The(La/Yb)_(ch), Y/Ho,(La/Nd)_N,(Dy/Yb)_N, Ce/Ce* and Eu/Eu* values of samples from the Zunyi manganese deposits are 5.53–56.92, 18–39, 1.42–3.15, 0.55–2.20, 0.21–1.76 and 0.48–0.86, respectively, indicating a hydrothermal origin for the manganese mineralization and REEs enrichment. The δ~(13) C_(V-PDB)(-0.54 to-18.1‰) and δ~(18) O_(SMOW)(21.6 to 26.0‰) characteristics of manganese ores reveal a mixed source of magmatic and organic matter. Moreover, the manganese ore, tuffaceous clay rock and Emeishan basalt have extremely similar REE fractionation characteristic, suggesting REEs enrichment and manganese mineralization have been mainly origin from hydrothermal fluids.     

南海东部次海盆海山链多金属结核(壳)地球化学特征及成因

为了进一步解释南海不同区域内多金属结核（壳）的地球化学特征与成因,对东部次海盆黄岩?珍贝海山链上新获取的多金属结核（壳）样品进行了X光衍射、X荧光光谱测试、SEM-EDS分析和X Series2 ICP-MS测试,详细分析了样品的矿物组成、地球化学成分特征. 结果表明,矿物组成为水羟锰矿、石英、斜长石等;主要造岩元素中Si、Al含量较高,与陆缘碎屑物影响较大有关;富含Mn、Fe、Co、Ti、Ni、Pb、Sr等多种金属元素,相比南海其他区域,具有中等的Fe、Mn含量特征,地化元素特征与南海西北陆坡发现的铁锰结核（壳）相似;稀土元素具有总量高（平均2 070.01×10-6）的特点,高于南海北部其他样品,与西太平洋结壳稀土含量接近（接近工业品位）,指示了重要的稀土资源前景. 结核Be同位素结果指示该区铁锰结核生长时代为1.17~8.51 Ma,形成于晚中新世大量火山喷发之后,因此水成作用是南海东部次海盆海山链结核（壳）的主要控制作用,而陆源物质的输入、火山作用和高压富氢离子海水的浸取作用都为结核（壳）的形成提供了有利的沉积环境.      

Sea-floor exhalative sedimentary and magmatic hydrothermal superimposition on the Bainiuchang polymetallic deposit in Yunnan Province： REE geochemical evidence

In order to study the characteristics of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary and magmatic hydrothermal superimposition on the Bainiuchang polymetallic deposit, the REE compositions of the granites, host-rocks and ores have been systematically analyzed by ICP-MS. As viewed from their REE compositions, the granites show obvious negative Eu anomalies and weak negative Ce anomalies. According to their REE characteristics, the host-rocks were derived partly from sea-floor exhalative sediments. In terms of their REE compositions, the ores can be divided into two groups: one group, of which the samples were collected from the Baiyang segment relatively far away from the Bozhushan granite batholith, possesses positive Eu anomalies or no Eu anomaly and negative Ce anomalies, indicating that ore-forming hydrothermal fluid was relatively reductive and its temperature was higher than 250 ℃. Furthermore, the coinstantaneous presence of positive Eu anomalies and negative Ce anomalies indicate that the convective mixing of a little amount of seawater with hydrothermal fluid had happened while ores were precipitated on ancient sea floor. The other group, of which the samples were mainly collected from the Chuanxindong and Duimenshan segments near the Bozhushan granite batholith, has similar chondrite-monalized REE distribution patterns to those of the magmatic rocks. But as a whole, the REE characteristics of both groups change gradually starting from the Bozhushan granite batholith. Based on the REE characteristics of the granites, host-rocks and ores, it is suggested that the ore-forming metals seem to have come from several different sources.     

南海西北陆缘多金属结核地球化学特征及成因

对取自南海西北陆缘海域的大型多金属结核进行了电子探针、X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS) 和等离子光谱仪(ICP-AES) 等方面的分析.结核核心部位的主要矿物组成为石英、伊利石、钠长石和绿泥石, 壳层的主要矿物为δMnO₂等.铁、锰组分呈现Fe含量高、Mn含量低和Mn/Fe低的特征.Si含量高, Cu、Co、Ni含量低; 稀土元素(REE) 含量高, 平均为1472.30×10-6, 轻稀土与重稀土的比值(LREE/HREE) 达19.54, 并且存在较强的Ce正异常.元素含量的变化显示: 从结核内壳层到外壳层, Fe、Mn、Cu、Co等元素含量呈不规律变化, 具有典型的边缘海特征, 该特征反映结核在形成过程中受到边缘海沉积环境波动变化的影响, 陆源物质供应量的增加对Fe、REE、Si等元素的富集起到了促进作用, 而对Mn、Ca等元素的富集则产生明显的稀释作用.多金属结核Mn/Fe比及Mn-Fe- (Cu+Ni) ×10三组分图解显示, 南海北部陆缘多金属结核为水成成因, 该成因与结核所赋存的边缘海环境密切相关, 反映了结核成长发育的过程中, 南海典型的边缘海沉积条件和多变的古海洋环境因素对其产生了重要影响.      

Geochemistry of the rare earth elements in ferromanganese nodules from DOMES Site A,northern equatorial Pacific

The distribution of rare earth elements (REE) in ferromanganese nodules from DOMES Site A has been determined by instrumental neutron activation methods. The concentrations of the REE vary markedly. Low concentrations characterize samples from a depression (the valley), in which Quaternary sediments are thin or absent; high concentrations are found in samples from the surrounding abyssal hills (the highlands) where the Quaternary sediment section is relatively thick. Moreover, the valley nodules are strongly depleted in the light trivalent REE (LREE) and Ce compared with nodules from the highlands, some of the former showing negative Ce anomalies.The REE abundances in the nodules are strongly influenced by the REE abundances in coexisting bottom water. Some controls on the REE chemistry of bottom waters include: a) the more effective removal of the LREE relative to the HREE from seawater because of the greater degree of complexation of the latter elements with seawater ligands, b) the very efficient oxidative scavenging of Ce on particle surfaces in seawater, and c) the strong depletion of both Ce and the LREE in, or a larger benthic flux of the HREE into, the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) which flows through the valley. The distinctive REE chemistry of valley nodules is a function of their growth from geochemically evolved AABW. In contrast, the REE chemistry of highland nodules indicates growth from a local, less evolved seawater source.     

哈尔滨沙尘沉降物稀土元素地球化学特征及其物源分析

为了对哈尔滨沙尘天气的物质来源进行追踪, 对哈尔滨沙尘沉降物及其作为潜在源区的科尔沁沙地和松嫩沙地(＜11 μm和11~30 μm粒级组分)进行了稀土元素分布特征的研究.结果表明: 哈尔滨2002年沙尘物质的∑REE为189.67×10-6, 2007年为175.57×10-6, 2008年为174.68×10-6, 2011年为181.35×10-6.沙尘沉降物的REE集中分布在一个很窄的范围, 显示哈尔滨沙尘的来源相当稳定.沙尘沉降物的稀土元素分布模式十分相似, Eu较明显亏损(2002年、2007年以及2008年沙尘的δEu在0.71~0.75之间, 2011年沙尘的δEu值为0.92), Ce弱负异常(δCe值在0.89~0.92之间, 平均值为0.90).沙尘沉降物与潜在源区物质的REE含量、分布模式、特征参数以及δEu-ΣREEs、δEu-(LREE/HREE)和(LREE/HREE)-La_N关系图解均显示哈尔滨沙尘沉降物的REE组成与科尔沁沙地(特别是11~30 μm粒级组分)十分接近, 显示哈尔滨沙尘起源于科尔沁沙地而非松嫩沙地, 科尔沁沙地对哈尔滨沙尘的物质贡献主要体现在11~30 μm粒级组分.哈尔滨沙尘的科尔沁沙地起源的研究结果得到气象资料和气象记录的支持.      

北秦岭庙湾组黑色岩系稀土元素地球化学特征及成因意义

笔者采用等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)方法对北秦岭大荆区奥陶纪—志留纪庙湾组黑色岩系岩石的稀土元素及V、Ni、Cr、U、Th等微量元素含量进行了测定。结果显示岩石轻稀土元素相对重稀土元素富集, Eu异常值δEu为0.63~10.61(绝多数大于1.54)多呈正异常, Ce异常值δCe为0.65~1.02(平均为0.893) 异常微弱且有正负差异; U/Th值为0.38~4.07, w (V)/w (V +Ni)值为0.38~0.93以及w (Ce)/w (La)值为1.27~2.17。将这些特征值与前人研究成果对比, 并利用La/Yb-Ce/La和La/Yb-REE判别图解判别后, 认为北秦岭区庙湾组黑色岩系形成于活动陆缘一种干燥缺氧较深浅海环境, 黑色岩系形成过程中有热液作用参与。