松辽盆地CO2地质储存适宜性评价

为缓解全球气候变暖趋势,CO2地质储存成为目前减少向大气排放CO2量的有效方法之一.区域CO2地质储存适宜性评价是筛选CO2地质储存目标区和工程建设的基础,合理的评价指标体系和指标权重对评价结果有重要影响.本次研究结合松辽盆地地质条件,建立包括地质储存规模、储存经济性、储存条件和储存安全性4个方面、20个指标、5个指标...     

CO_2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价方法及初步评价

借鉴国外CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性调查评价工作程序,在充分考虑我国复杂的地质背景、CO2地质储存研究现状等因素的基础上,将我国CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价工作划分国家级潜力评价阶段、盆地级潜力评价阶段、目标区级潜力评价阶段、场地级评价阶段、灌注、监测运行期评价阶段,按评价精度由低到高,分称为CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价E、D、C、B、A级;并对我国CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性进行了E级评价,即运用层次分析-模糊指数法对我国陆相沉积盆地进行了初步筛选,并对其储量进行了计算,认为我国陆上沉积盆地深部咸水含水层是最主要的CO2地质储量场所。     

四川盆地深部咸水含水层二氧化碳地质储存适宜性评价

以盆地二级构造单元为评价对象,以区域地壳稳定性条件、基础地质条件、储盖层条件、储存潜力条件、地热地质条件、研究程度和资源潜力条件、社会经济条件为一级指标,在资料搜集和综合分析16个二级评价指标的基础上,采用层次分析-模糊综合指数评价法,认为四川盆地二级构造单元适宜性评价分区的评价结果为：川中平缓褶带为较适宜,川西低陡褶带、川西南低陡褶带为不适宜,川东高陡褶带、川北低平褶带、川南低陡褶带为较不适宜。适宜储存二氧化碳的地下储层为侏罗系下统自流井组、三叠系上统须家河组、三叠系中统雷口坡组、三叠系下统嘉陵江组和飞仙关组以及二叠系中统下部的栖霞组。     

CO_2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价编图方法研究

借鉴国外CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性调查评价工作程序,将我国CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价工作划分为五个阶段。影响盆地评价阶段CO2地质储存适宜性的因素很多,本文分别从盆地本身物理条件、数据源和资源潜力、地壳稳定性、温度以及经济适宜性五个影响方面形成单因子图,此五类单因子图件的编图基础为中国1∶500万地质图,利用图层属性的加权计算、叠加的成图方法,综合单因子图件形成我国CO2地质储存远景区划图件。     

深部咸水层CO2地质储存适宜性评价方法研究

随着温室效应的加剧,CO₂地质储存已成为减缓全球气候变暖的有效方法之一. 可用于CO₂ 地下储存的场地主要有枯竭的油气田、深部咸水层和深部不可开采的煤层等,我国深部咸水层CO₂地质储存潜力占总潜力的98%以上. 在全面分析CO₂ 地质储存适宜性影响因素的基础上,建立了适宜于沉积盆地深部咸水层CO₂ 地质储存的适宜性评价体系,主要包括地质安全性、储存规模、社会环境风险和经济适宜性4大指标层,共计28个评价指标,评价方法以层次分析法及指标叠加法为主. 以西宁盆地为研究实例,通过基于排除法的地质条件综合分析与层次分析法的定量评价相互验证,表明该指标体系和评价方法具有广泛的应用价值. 结果表明,西宁盆地一级构造单元中双树坳陷最适宜CO₂地质储存,可作为CO₂地质储存的优先选区.     

我国沉积盆地CO2地质储存的地热条件适宜性评价

CO2地质储存是减少人类活动产生的CO2向大气排放的有效措施之一。目前CO2地质储存适宜性评价中仅把地热条件作为单一因子进行考虑,难以准确评价地热条件对CO2地质储存的影响,评价精度较差。为此本文采用加权法将地热条件三因素(大地热流、地温梯度与地表年均气温)进行CO2地质储存适宜性评价,提高了精度。表明:我国总体上较适宜CO2地质储存,储存空间大。2.1%(8.5×104km2)沉积盆地适宜CO2地质储存,68.6%(274.0×104km2)较适宜,24.6%(98.4×104km2)一般适宜,4.7%较不适宜(18.7×104km2),无不适宜区。     

安徽省沉积盆地CO2地质储存适宜性评价

CO2的地质储存已成为减缓温室效应的一条有效的途径。区域的CO2地质储存适宜性评价是选址建设CO2地质储存工程的基础,而建立适当的评价指标体系与选择合理的评价方法对于CO2地质储存适宜性评价起到至关重要的作用。本次研究以安徽省内CO2减排需要为目的,根据研究区实际的地质条件,从CO2的地质储存所关联的多重因素出发,建立起包括安全性、技术性、经济性与社会环境性4个方面的评价指标体系,并引入变异系数法对评价指标确定权重与TOPSIS模型对研究区的CO2地质储存盆地适宜性进行排序。研究结果表明:阜阳盆地与合肥盆地为优先选择的CO2地质储存盆地。评价结果为安徽省初步选址CO2地质储存工程建设提供了科学依据。     

南昌市中心城区地下空间开发地质适宜性评价

地下空间资源是未来城市发展的重要空间资源,也是可持续发展战略中不可缺少的部分。为了支撑南昌市地下空间的科学开发,基于地质调查成果,从地形地貌、工程地质条件、水文地质条件、活动断裂与地震效应、环境地质问题5个方面对南昌市地质环境影响因素进行识别,构建地下空间开发地质适宜性评价指标体系,采用层次分析法和灰色关联分析法建立数学模型,对不同深度地下空间的地质适宜性进行了评价。评价结果显示,研究区中层地下空间地质条件复杂,浅层和深层地下空间更适宜开发。该结果为南昌市地下空间专项规划的编制提供了技术支撑。     

鄂尔多斯地区深部咸水层二氧化碳地质储存适宜性评价

二氧化碳地质储存在我国的研究尚处于起步阶段.该文对在鄂尔多斯地区进行二氧化碳地质储存的适宜性做定量评价.从地质稳定性、储存潜力、水文地质条件三个方面选择评价指标,运用层次分析和模糊洋判方法开展综合评价.评价表明该地区深部咸水层适宜进行二氧化碳地质储存.     

我国碳酸盐岩储层CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性

文章系统收集并分析了我国各盆地地层、大地构造、油田地质、水文地质数据,研究了我国各盆地碳酸盐岩地层空间分布和孔隙度特性,做出了《全国盆地碳酸盐岩分布面积分级图》、《全国盆地碳酸盐岩厚度分级图》、《全国盆地碳酸盐岩孔隙度分级图》、《全国盆地碳酸盐岩二氧化碳地质储存潜力分级图》。逐一对全国各沉积盆地内800～5 000 m深度区间各地质时代形成的碳酸盐岩储层的CO2储存能力进行了计算。通过层次分析法确定各评价指标权重,制做出全国盆地E级碳酸盐岩储层CO2地质储存适宜性评价结果表,绘制出《全国盆地碳酸盐岩储层CO2储存适应性评价图》。对全国盆地CO2储存进行了适宜性评价,剔除了不适宜CO2地质储存的沉积盆地,选出适宜的沉积盆地以供下一阶段继续研究。      

四川盆地理论CO_2地质利用与封存潜力评估

结合CO_2地质利用与封存技术机理,在国际权威潜力评估公式的基础上,系统地提出了适合中国地质背景的次盆地尺度CO_2封存潜力评估方法及关键参数取值。同时,以四川盆地为例,依次开展了枯竭油田地质封存与CO_2强化石油开采、枯竭气田与CO_2强化采气、不可采煤层地质封存与CO_2驱替煤层气,以及咸水层地质封存技术的CO_2地质封存潜力。结果表明,四川盆地利用深部咸水层与枯竭天然气田CO_2地质封存潜力最大,期望值分别达154.20×10~8t和53.73×10~8t。其中,枯竭天然气田因成藏条件好、勘探程度高、基础建设完善,为四川盆地及其周边利用枯竭气田CO_2地质封存技术实现低碳减排提供了早期示范机会。CO_2地质利用与封存潜力评估方法,对进一步开展全国次盆地尺度理论封存潜力评估与工程规划具有重要意义。     

全国二氧化碳地质储存适宜性评价编图技术方法研究

将全国CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价工作划分为5个阶段,依次为区域级预测潜力(E级)评价、盆地级推定潜力(D级)评价、目标区级控制潜力(C级)评价、场地级基础储存量(B级)评价和灌注级工程储存量(A级)评价阶段.第一阶段编制的成果图件主要为全国1∶500万CO2地质储存成果图系;第二、三阶段主要编制沉积盆地CO2地质储存成果图集;第四、五阶段主要编制CO2地质储存示范工程成果图册.提出中国CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价和编图是一项有步骤、分阶段逐步完成的工程,评价及编图方法有待通过潜力与适宜性评价和编图的实践不断完善.     

二氧化碳羽流地热系统的碳封存经济分析

【研究目的】 二氧化碳羽流地热系统（CPGS）在取热的同时可实现CO₂地质封存，在碳达峰与碳中和背景下，CPGS碳封存的经济性是众多学者关注的要点。【研究方法】 以松辽盆地泉头组为例，采用数值模拟方法对比分析了注入压力、井间距与回注温度对热提取率的影响，在供暖情景下，计算了CPGS供暖效益与碳封存成本，并与常规水热型地热系统供暖效益进行了对比。【研究结果】 受携热介质转变与热突破影响，CPGS开采井温度呈现“降低-稳定-降低”的趋势，其中井间距对开采井温降影响显著，井间距越小开采井温降越明显；热提取率与回注压力呈现正相关性，与回注温度呈现负相关性，井间距对热提取率影响不显著；CPGS与常规水热型地热系统相比，采热量呈现“高-低-高”三个阶段，其中回注压力越小、回注温度与储层温度越接近，实现CPGS较水介质多采热能所需的时间越短。【结论】 仅考虑CO₂价格与取热效益，供暖收益抵消部分碳封存成本后，井间距对CO₂封存单位成本影响最为显著，井间距越小，CO₂封存单位成本降低越迅速，在注采井间距300 m条件下，持续开采30 a后CO₂封存单位成本可降至160元/t。     

Geologic factors controlling CO2 storage capacity and permanence: case studies based on experience with heterogeneity in oil and gas reservoirs applied to CO2 storage

A variety of structural and stratigraphic factors control geological heterogeneity, inferred to influence both sequestration capacity and effectiveness, as well as seal capacity. Structural heterogeneity factors include faults, folds, and fracture intensity. Stratigraphic heterogeneity is primarily controlled by the geometry of depositional facies and sandbody continuity, which controls permeability structure. The permeability structure, in turn, has implications for CO₂ injectivity and near-term migration pathways, whereas the long-term sequestration capacity can be inferred from the production history. Examples of Gulf Coast oil and gas reservoirs with differing styles of stratigraphic heterogeneity demonstrate the impact of facies variability on fluid flow and CO₂ sequestration potential. Beach and barrier-island deposits in West Ranch field in southeast Texas are homogeneous and continuous. In contrast, Seeligson and Stratton fields in south Texas, examples of major heterogeneity in fluvial systems, are composed of discontinuous, channel-fill sandstones confined to narrow, sinuous belts. These heterogeneous deposits contain limited compartments for potential CO₂ storage, although CO₂ sequestration effectiveness may be enhanced by the high number of intraformational shale beds. These field examples demonstrate that areas for CO₂ storage can be optimized by assessing sites for enhanced oil and gas recovery in mature hydrocarbon provinces.     

The rise of trees and their effects on Paleozoic atmospheric CO2 and O2

The rise of large vascular plants during the mid-Paleozoic brought about a major increase in the rates of weathering of silicate minerals that induced a drop in the level of atmospheric CO₂ and contributed, via the atmospheric greenhouse effect, to global cooling and the initiation of the most long lived and a really extensive glaciation of the past 550 million years. Sedimentary burial of the microbiologically resistant remains of the plants resulted during the Permo-Carboniferous in both further lowering of CO₂ and in elevation of atmospheric O₂. Evidence of changes in CO₂ and O₂ are provided by mathematical models, studies of paleosols, fossil plants, fossil insects, and the effects of modern plants on silicate weathering, and by laboratory studies of the effects of changes in O₂ on plants and insects. To cite this article: R.A. Berner, C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

中国二氧化碳地质储存潜力评价与示范工程

2010—2012年,中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心承担完成的“全国二氧化碳地质储存潜力评价与示范工程计划项目”,全面建立了我国二氧化碳地质储存潜力与适宜性评价指标体系与评价技术方法,评价了主要沉积盆地的二氧化碳地质储存潜力与适宜性,完成了全国1∶500万评价图系和主要盆地评价图集编制,圈定出一批二氧化碳地质储存目标靶区;构建了深部咸水层二氧化碳地质储存工程选址、场地勘查与评价技术方法;与神华集团合作,在内蒙古鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗成功实施了我国首个深部咸水层二氧化碳地质储存示范工程,基本形成了我国二氧化碳地质储存基本理论和技术方法体系。     

Experimental identification of CO2–water–rock interactions caused by sequestration of CO2 in Westphalian and Buntsandstein sandstones of the Campine Basin (NE-Belgium)

Geological sequestration of CO₂ is one of the options studied to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Although the feasibility of this concept is proven, apart from literature data on modelling still little is known about the CO₂–water–rock interactions induced by CO₂-injection.To evaluate the effect of CO₂–water–rock interactions on three sandstone aquifers in NE-Belgium an experimental setup was built. Eighteen experiments were performed in which sandstones were exposed to supercritical CO₂. CO₂–water–rock interactions were deduced from the evolution of aqueous concentrations of 25 species and a thorough characterisation of the sandstones before and after treatment. The results show that dissolution of ankerite/dolomite and Al-silicates could enhance porosity/permeability. The observed precipitation of end-member carbonates could increase storage capacity if it exceeds carbonate dissolution. Precipitation of the latter and of K-rich clays as observed, however, can hamper the injection.     

Laboratory study of self-potential signals during releasing of CO2 and N2 plumes

Carbon Capture Sequestration (CCS) projects require, for safety reasons, monitoring programmes focused on surveying gas leakage on the surface. Generally, these programmes include detection of chemical tracers that, once on the surface, could be associated with CO₂ degassing. We take a different approach by analysing feasibility of applying electrical surface techniques, specifically Self-Potential. A laboratory-scale model, using water-sand, was built for simulating a leakage scenario being monitored with non-polarisable electrodes. Electrical potentials were measured before, during and after gas injection (CO₂ and N₂) to determine if gas leakage is detectable. Variations of settings were done for assessing how the electrical potentials changed according to size of electrodes, distance from electrodes to the gas source, and type of gas. Results indicated that a degassing event is indeed detectable on electrodes located above injection source. Although the amount of gas could not be quantified from signals, injection timespan and increasing of injection rate were identified. Even though conditions of experiments were highly controlled contrasting to those usually found at field scale, we project that Self-Potential is a promising tool for detecting CO₂ leakage if electrodes are properly placed.