Spatiotemporal evolution of land transportation networks and accessibility in inland mountainous areas 1917-2017: A case study of Southwest China

Located in the western hinterland,Southwest China is a typical mountainous area covered by plateaus, mountains and hills. Its ruggedness hinders regional internal and external connections, and its poor transportation infrastructure has long constrained the socioeconomic development of Southwest China. Based on the GIS transportation database, this paper explored the spatiotemporal evolution and characteristics of the land transportation networks and the accessibility of Southwest China from 1917 to 2017. Regional accessibility in Southwest China has significantly improved, and transportation infrastructure has gradually integrated the transportation circles of the52 central cities. The transportation network has followed an evolutionary process from a "hub-spoke pattern" to a "network pattern", while the construction of a high-speed railway(HSR) has brought about significant spatial polarization. We argue that innovation in transportation technology is one of the most effective factors for promoting a significant change in regional accessibility. In addition, the spatial distribution and evolution of accessibility in Southwest China presents a verticalcharacteristic that distinguishes it from the plains, as the spillover effects of new transportation infrastructure on accessibility improvement are partly offset by the mountainous terrain. Additionally, in Southwest China, there is significant "path dependence" in the evolution of the transportation network, since a large portion of the population is concentrated along transportation corridors in mountainous areas.     

FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION MODES ALONG THE CHANGJIANG RIVER MAIN LINE AND ITS DELTA AREA

The Changjiang River (Yangtze) is one of the fastest growth areas of container transportation in Chi-na. Rail, road and water transportation have competed against each other for container transportation in the Chang-jiang River main line and its delta area. It is of significance to assess these different transportation modes scientifi-cally in order to organize container transportation efficiently in this area and make decision for integral plan and construction of transportation system in this area. This paper outlines application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise different modes of typical direction of containers. Twelve assessment indexes were decided. Membership functions were formulated. Evaluation results indicated that road transportation was optimal mode in the Changjiang River delta area, however water transportation was the primary way in the Changjiang River main line.     

经济转型下城乡地域结构演变分析——以宁波市为例

随着经济体制的转变,经济的转型已成为促进发展中国家城市发展的重要因素。为了解城乡地域结构的转变特点和影响因素,本研究多角度量化了宁波市城乡结构的发展与经济转型的关系。提出量化城乡地域结构的指标体系:土地利用面积与景观格局的变化,并提出衡量经济转轨的角度:全球化、去行政化以及市场化。结果表明:城市地区受市场化和行政分权政策影响,整体景观格局趋于破碎化、不规则化。乡村地区由于财政分权,整体格局呈现破碎化和单一化。城市建筑用地扩张受市场化和全球化影响,农田的减少与市场化政策有关。本研究得到了不同城市规划区域对经济转型的响应形式,为政策制定提供建议。     

Impacts of transportation arteries on land use patterns in urban-rural fringe: A comparative gradient analysis of Qixia District, Nanjing City, China

Integrated transportation and land use studies are of major interest to planners because they consider the interaction between transportation development and land use change. Quantifying the impact of transport infrastructure on land use change is necessary for evaluating the role of transportation development in the process of land use and land cover change in the urban-rural fringe. Taking Qixia District of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China as a typical urban-rural fringe area, this paper analyzes the patterns and characteristics of land use change along three major transportation arteries using land use data from 2000 and 2008. We examine the spatial differentiation and gradient of land use pattern around railway, expressway, and highway corridors to investigate whether land use change in the urban-rural fringe is related to distance from transportation arteries and to clarify the varying impacts of different forms of transport infrastructure on land use patterns. We find that construction land generally tends to be located close to major transportation arteries, and that railways have the most obvious influence on land use change in the urban-rural fringe, while the impact of expressways was not significant. We conclude that there exists a causal relationship between the presence of transportation arteries and land use change in the urban-rural fringe, but this relationship varies across different types of linear transport infrastructure.     

EVOLVEMENT OF URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE AND MAIN DRIVES IN WUXI, CHINA

1IN TR O D U C TIO NC hina, as a developing country, is experiencing rapidpopulation grow th and land expansion,w hich has gen-erated considerable governm entalconcernsand scholar-ly attention (FA ZA L,2000).R esearchers have revealeda m assive increase i…     

陕西省城镇与交通信息图谱的建立与分析

地学信息图谱是伴随地学信息知识的创新而产生的,建立地学信息图谱的过程就是对地学研究对象的认知过程。本文通过对陕西省城镇和交通信息图谱的建立与分析,指出陕西城市具有格状对称分布的规律;陕西交通布局具有线形对称分布的特征。通过以延安为中心的我国大城市靶形图谱分析,建议把延安发展成大城市,以带动陕北和周边地区的经济发展。结论是应在城镇与交通信息图谱的指导下,制定出陕西城镇与交通发展的科学规划。     

Optimization of ice cuttings transportation by cable-suspended core auger drills

Ice cores contain an abundance of information about the Earth''s climate in the past,and recovered from shallow drilling down to 300--350 m give sufficient information for reconstructing of the last climatic chan- ges and for monitoring of pollution from human being． Cable-suspended core auger drills use an armored cable with a winch to provide power to the down-hole motor system and to retrieve the down-hole unit． Because of their lightweight,convenient transportation and installation,high penetration rates and low power consumption, core auger drills are widely used for shallow drilling in ice． Nowadays at least 14 types of auger electromechani- cal drills were designed and tested in different foreign and national glaciological laboratories． However,auger options were usually determined by experience,and the main parameters (helix angle of the fights and rotational speed) are varied in a wide range from drill to drill． If parameters of auger are not chosen properly,poorly en- gineered drills had troubles with low efficiency of cuttings transportation,jam of ice cuttings,repeated fragmen- tation,cutters icing and stop penetration,abnormal power consumption,high rotation torques,and so on． Thus,this paper presents the method of optimization of ice cuttings transportation of cable-suspended core auger drill on the base of the theory of rotary auger． As the result,the optimal helix angle was determined correspond- ing to the rotational speed from the transportation efficiency point of view．     

重庆两江新区空间结构演变驱动机制分析与过程模拟

两江新区作为中国第一个内陆开放区,在短时间内经历了高强度开发,其社会经济空间结构演变对于国家新区的发展和规划具有重要意义。两江新区的城市建设用地扩张基本分布在中心城区外围,部分沿交通线向外扩张,并可通过元胞自动机模型对未来建设用地演变趋势进行模拟。本研究基于两江新区的人口数据、建设用地空间分布、道路数据等基本要素分析区域空间结构演变过程,定性与定量相结合研究两江新区空间结构演变的特征与机制并进行多模型模拟。研究结果表明：① 从人口、用地、交通等基本要素的时空变化可以看出,两江新区自2010年6月成立至2015年,区域城镇中心体系和空间结构都发生了明显的变化;② 政策环境、基础设施、要素成本和集聚效应是企业入驻两江新区的4个主要驱动因素;③ 两江新区建设用地扩张空间累积阻力值呈同心圆和轴带发展形态,建设用地空间演变基本向空间累积阻力值低的方向和地区扩张;④ 元胞自动机模型模拟的结果精度在80%以上,能够展示过去5年两江新区空间结构的演变过程和未来该区域空间结构的状况。本研究的结果能够为内陆开放区的优化建设提供科学参考,有助于提高重庆市两江新区开发建设的效益。     

Policy review and outlook on China’s sustainable development since 1992

The Road to Rio+20 is the journey of countries in the world pursuing the sustainable development.As the first country to release the national Agenda 21,China’s experience and lessons are of great significance for both China itself and other countries.The paper reviews the progress made and problems remained in pursuing the sustainable development in China with regard to policy formulation,institutional arrangements,planning and management.In the past five years,the mandatory targets-driven approach,which focused on energy efficiency and key pollutants reduction,played a very important role and made China comprehensive outcomes for sustainability.In order to achieve the targets,China adopted an integrated policy package including legal,administrative,economic and technology instruments.During the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2011-2015),China will continue and strengthen the approach above and mainstream the transformation of economic development pattern through realizing the idea of green and low-carbon development.By summarizing policy trends in the world,the paper points out two directions,i.e.,integration approach and taking prioritized and concrete actions for a sustainable future beyond 2012.The paper also presents policy approaches and recommendations for sustainable development in the next 10 years in China.     

基于百度迁徙数据的中国城市网络结构特征研究

迁徙流作为互联网时代的新产物,信息流、资本流、交通流等流空间的基本载体,能客观地反映城市间地理行为关系,对于刻画城市网络结构具有重要意义。基于地级以上城市的百度迁徙大数据,本文尝试从全域和净迁徙的视角探索研究中国城市网络结构特征,对其网络的层级、关联关系和影响因素等进行挖掘提取。研究发现：① 全国城市网络呈现出稳定的、层级明确的三棱锥四顶点“钻石型”结构,与主要城市群的经济规模空间分布相吻合;② 区域网络表现出向高级别行政中心集聚的“核心—外围”放射状结构;③ 以省会城市为核心的典型小世界特征比较凸出,小世界网络的可达性和连通性较高;周口、阜阳、赣州、上饶、重庆等作为主要劳动力输出型城市,深圳、东莞、广州、北京、上海等城市成为了主要的外来人口聚集地,并形成了对应的人口就近输送网络关系;④ 城市的行政地位、经济规模、交通枢纽建设、劳动力资源等因素都对其网络控制力和影响力起到了决定性作用。最后,研究结合中国城市网络结构特征及其主要影响因素,提出相关政策建议,以期为中国城市网络结构均衡发展与建设提供借鉴依据。     

中国旅游产业科技创新能力的时空动态和驱动因素分析

从科技创新的基础、投入、产出和潜力4方面构建了旅游产业科技创新能力结构模型和综合评价指标体系,利用熵值法、线性加权法以及ArcGIS空间分析工具分析评价了2004、2008、2014年中国旅游产业科技创新能力的总体水平、时空动态演化及驱动因素。结果表明：① 2004-2014年,中国旅游产业科技创新能力总体上呈不断提高态势,但空间分布极不均衡,存在明显的地区差异,在趋势上基本表现出东西方向递增,南北方向倒“U”型分布态势;② 中国旅游产业科技创新能力在地理空间上存在着显著而稳定的集聚特征和一定的极化特征,毗邻的区域在旅游科技创新方面存在一定的空间外溢效应;③ 中国旅游产业科技创新能力热点区主要分布在北京、天津和少数东部沿海省份和中部省份,冷点区主要集中在中西部内陆地区的省份;④ 空间残差回归和地理加权回归研究表明,旅游产业基础、空间外溢效应、政策制度因素是驱动中国旅游产业科技创新能力时空变化3个核心因素。     

伟大的生态文明工程——对中国大运河遗址的再认识

本文试图从生态文明建设、区域经济发展和宏观协调的角度,点评中国大运河工程。作者认为:她是中国东部大平原上开发湿地、利用湖泊的成功范例。是古代水网地区跨流域的内河航运的中央干线;为农耕文明时代国家级的标志性工程,是自隋唐以来保证中国南北统一的政治、经济、文化干线;是中国历史发展的大动脉;也是中国伟大的生态文明工程。中国大运河总长约3500km,顺应自然环境、水系格局和平原微地貌条件。她是2500年间代代中华儿女因势利导、因地制宜、河工逾千万、分段接力完成的伟大漕运系统。至今仍有近900km正常通航,每年货运量约3亿t,依然是北煤南运、南水北调、沿线资源流通的物流干道。中国大运河是活着的大遗址,是仍然发挥调控南北的作用的大遗址。中国大运河曾经串联了我国中东部六省两直辖市,穿越的33个地区级城市中有18个是历史文化名城。这些城市都不同程度地因大运河而兴衰,而且水文化和水景观仍然是这些运河沿线城市的特点和亮点,是其成为宜居城市、生态旅游城市的基本条件。     

自然资源部门户网站政民互动的设计与实现

随着国家机构改革的持续推进,围绕自然资源部政务服务特点和部门户网站"政民互动的重要窗口"的功能定位,在部门户网站原有"部长信箱"功能的基础上,充分考虑政民互动的新需求,设计并实践了部门户网站"政民互动"的新模式.本文研究了基于部门户网站的"政民互动"工作流程,以及所依托的网站建议留言管理系统的体系结构、技术架构、关键技...     

Land-Use Changes and Human Driving in and Near the Yangtze River Delta from 1995–2015

We analyzed the characteristics and trends of land-use change in and near the coastal zone of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) during five periods (1995, 2000 2005, 2010, and 2015) using remotely sensed Landsat imagery. Using automatic supervised classification combined with visual interpretation, we obtained land-use information for five study areas (Nantong, Shanghai, Jiaxing, Ningbo, and Zhoushan). Significant land-use changes have occurred in this area between 1995 and 2015, characterized in particular by large reductions in cultivated land and rapid increases in urbanized land. In addition, land reclamation was very active in this period as an effective supplement to the increased demand for land development: since 1995, 1622 km² of land was reclaimed from near-coastal regions in the study area. This increase in urbanization was jointly driven by population, economic, transportation, and policy factors. Urban areas expanded from the center outward in concentric rings, with infrastructure guiding the radial expansion of development along transportation corridors, thus forming a network of connections. Due to the influence of national land regulation policies, the expansion rate of development in the YRD gradually diminished after 2010. This indicates that the area’s resource and environmental carrying capacity has reached a saturation stage in which urbanization has transitioned from broad and incremental expansion to the intensive use of land resources.     

南海区域商船典型空间分布及贸易流向研究

随着中国对外开放的深入以及“一带一路”倡议的推进,南海战略地位更加显著。如何科学监管南海船舶,维护国家权益,促进地区之间贸易也成为摆在政府部门面前的难题。在本文中利用南海区域2015年的卫星AIS数据与船舶数据档案资料,通过计算南海水域船舶交通密度分析主要航路,与关键门线船舶流量计算相结合,明确船舶典型空间分布;同时基于4种类型船舶的主要航路的选择,明确南海货物贸易主要流向。研究成果表明：① 船舶空间分布在《世界大洋航路》的推荐航线上,南海的建设开发并未影响船舶的贸易运输;② 贸易运输以跨越南海的长距离运输为主,珠三角作为主要航路的重要端点表明中国在南海贸易的优势地位。     

Historical Evolution of Mariculture in China During Past 40 Years and Its Impacts on Eco-environment

The rapid development of mariculture in China in recent decades has satisfied people's demand of seafood, and has made a great contribution to economic development. However, mariculture has also caused some negative impacts on the eco-environment. By statistically analyzing national data(as well as data for four main provinces) regarding the mariculture area and cultivation species in China since reform and opening up, the historical evolution of mariculture during the past 40 years was analyzed, the driving factors related to policy, market and technology innovation were discussed, and the potential impacts of mariculture on the coastal eco-environment were also illustrated. The statistical results indicated that the maricultural area increased radically during the past 40 years, from 1979(116.47 × 10~3 ha) to 2012(2205.65 × 10~3 ha), with an increase of nearly 20-fold. Shandong Province represented the fastest-growing region, with an increase of 31-fold. Moreover, the cultivated species had gradually become diversified. Initially, shellfish and algae were major species, and then it developed to various species including fish, and currently shellfish and crustaceans were the major species. The development of mariculture was driven by government policies, market economy and technology innovation. Rapid development of mariculture also caused significantly adverse impacts on the eco-environment of the coastal regions. For example, the sea reclamation for mariculture decreased the area and function of coastal wetlands and the contaminants originating from mariculture destroyed the coastal aquatic environment. Fortunately, the implementation of ‘13 th Five-Year Fisheries Planning' is expected to help both improve the seafood quality and reduce the contamination in coastal aquatic environment. This current study will provide reference for management and structure adjustment of mariculture in the future.     

WTO与FTA发展下的日本贸易政策调整

在WTO与FTA的影响下日本进入新的贸易发展阶段,日本贸易政策也做出了相应调整,其多边部分主要包括日本与GATT/WTO及其他国际组织的相互作用关系;区域部分主要是日本的FTA战略与战略实施进程。在此研究的基础上,从中国政策制定角度给出了政策建议。     

Creative industries agglomeration,regional innovation and productivity growth in China

This paper falls into the broad area of economic geography and economics of creativity,and it presents an alternative approach to explain why total factor productivity(TFP)growth is different across China′s regions.It establishes an empirical model to estimate the spatial agglomeration effects of creative industries on regional TFP growth,using China′s provincial panel data during the period of 2003 to 2010.We found that the creative industries agglomeration(CIA)has significant and positive impact on regional TFP growth.The result also implies that the CIA can facilitate regional TFP growth through promoting regional innovation instead of improving regional efficiency.Therefore,we argue that policy makers should take some measures to retain and establish more creative zones.     

Evolution Characteristics of Government-Industry-University-Research Cooperative Innovation Network for China’s Agriculture and Influencing Factors: Illustrated According to Agricultural Patent Case

Under the special background of China, the cooperative innovation between different government-industry-university-research institutes plays an increasingly important role in the agricultural field. However, the existing literature has paid little attention to it. Considering the cooperation patents, published in the agriculture field stemming from the Full-text Database of China Patents as the study object, the spatial and institutional attribute of the authors as the data source, and by combining the social network and spatial econometrics analysis, this paper analyzes the structure evolution characteristics of cooperative innovation networks of agricultural government-industry-university-research institute in the city level of China in 1985–2014, based on the triple helix theory, with the influence factors discussed. This shows that, 1) since 1985, China's agricultural innovation level has been substantially increased, but the development degree of the cooperative innovation network is low, and the patent cooperation mainly relies on authors in the same unit; 2) enterprises play a leading role in the agricultural cooperative innovation. The effect of the government and hybrid organizations driven by the government is not obvious; 3) the cooperative innovation in the province and city dominates, and a multi-pole pattern has been formed. The cooperative innovation network structure evolves from a single helix empty core and double helix multi core to a double helix hierarchical network; 4) the city's science, education funding and personnel investment are key factors determining the agricultural cooperative innovation, while the agricultural development of the city presents slight negative impacts on it. The spatial mismatch of supply and demand is present in the technical cooperative innovation of China's agriculture. Therefore, the science enhancement and education investment to big agricultural provinces should be promptly implemented.     

Applicability and prospect of China’s development zone model in Africa

Development zones have been an important spatial approach to promoting economic development since China's reform and opening-up. They have also been major contributors to the processes of China's industrialization and urbanization. Along with improvements in the worldwide industrial division of labor and the gradual implementation of China's development zones' Go Global strategy, it is necessary for Africa, a hot spot of global industrialization in recent years, to learn from China's development zone model. By attracting China's capital, technology and enterprises to Africa via Sino-African co-built development zones, a pattern of high complementarity and mutual development between China and Africa can be formed which does favor further improvement of the global industrial division of labor. In order to study the applicability and prospect of China's development zone model in Africa as per the above-mentioned international situation, this paper first sorts out the development course of China's development zones and discusses their roles in China's industrialization and urbanization. Subsequently, this paper analyzes the status quo of industrial development in Africa as a whole and the differences in industrial development between China and Africa, aiming to justify the timing of industrial transfer from China to Africa by constructing Sino-African co-built development zones. Lastly, this paper analyzes the current situation of six Sino-African co-built development zones by focusing on their operation modes, industry types and investment promotion models. In the authors' view, Sino-African co-built development zones can function as a new window of China-African cooperation, a new carrier of African industrialization, and a new engine of global industrial restructuring. China should adhere to the general principles of ‘Sino-African Integration, Multi-Cooperation, Mutual Benefit, Scientific Location, Systematic Planning, Cluster Growth and Open Development' in the planning and construction of development zones in Africa, effectively promoting Africa as the very important part of the global industry system.