山东省唐王寨上寒武统崮山组沉积环境及竹叶状灰岩的多成因分析

华北地台上寒武统崮山组出现了大量的竹叶状灰岩。通过对山东唐王寨剖面崮山组的系统研究,识别出页岩、疙瘩状泥晶灰岩、泥质条带泥晶灰岩、薄层状泥晶灰岩、生物扰动泥晶灰岩、颗粒质（生物碎屑）泥岩-泥质颗粒岩、含交错层理鲕粒灰岩及竹叶状灰岩8种岩石类型,这些岩石类型组成了页岩盆地、深潮下带及浅潮下带岩石组合。竹叶状灰岩中砾屑和基质的特征及其沉积序列,表明砾屑和基质的来源多样并且在不同的沉积环境中其成因具有多样性。据此总结出崮山组竹叶状灰岩具有4种可能的成因类型：1）竹叶状灰岩中砾屑和基质可能均为原地形成或者仅有短距离的搬运过程;2）竹叶状灰岩中砾屑和基质可能均为近岸形成并经历了长距离的搬运过程,或者竹叶状灰岩的沉积环境经历了海平面的突然升高;3）竹叶状灰岩中基质可能来源于近岸未固结的鲕粒和生物碎屑及原地的灰泥,与原地破碎生成的砾屑和灰泥等混合沉积;4）竹叶状灰岩中砾屑可能来源于远岸的固结的泥晶灰岩,并经搬运作用与原地未固结的灰泥及骨架颗粒等基质混合沉积。     

Episodic Carbonate Deposits on the Triassic Continental Slope in Southern China

Episodic carbonate deposits on the Triassic continental slope in southern China are mainly com-posed of gravity-flow limestones and contourite limestones. Gravity-flow limestones were well developed in thelower and middle Yangtze area in the Early Triassic and in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi area in the Early and Mid-dle Triassic. Five fundamental types of gravity-flow limestones are recognized: slide limestone, debris-flow lime-stone, grain-flow limestone. turbidite limestone and rockfall limestone. They form six types of assemblage beds:slide-debris-flow limestones, slide-debris-flow-turbidite limestone, slide-debris-flow-grain-flow-turbidite lime-stone, rockfall-debris-flow limestone, debris-flow-turbidite limestone, and debris-flow-grain-flow-turbidite lime-stone. The first two were formed mainly in the Early Triassic slopes. The Middle Triassic slopes were charcterizedby widespread rockfall limestone. Growth faults, storms, earthquakes and oversteepened slopes are considered to bethe probable triggers of the gravity flows. Contourite limestones appear as isolated lenses or thin and ripple-laminated beds of grainstones occurring inhemipelagic argillaceous limestones and lime mudstones. They were formed at the base of the slope. Palaeocurrentdata indicate that the contour currents are perpendicular to the slope. The contourite limestones are not as common asthe gravity-flow ones, but they are important in the reconstruction of the palaeogeographical and palaeotectonic set-tings in southern China.     

湘西花垣排碧寒武系花桥组上段—车夫组沉积环境的探讨

湘西排碧位于中上扬子陆块的东南缘,前人认为在寒武纪第三世时期该地区位于以各种类型的"碳酸盐重力流沉积"发育为显著特征的"台缘斜坡相带"内,其主要岩石类型为泥质条带灰岩及砾屑灰岩。本文通过对花桥组上段—车夫组典型沉积物的岩石组分及沉积构造进行详细研究,发现条带灰岩并非泥质条带灰岩,而是由灰岩条带——颗粒灰岩、泥晶灰岩与粉砂质条带——粉砂质灰岩、纹层状含炭质粉砂质灰岩互层组成,表现出内源碳酸盐沉积物与陆源碎屑沉积物混积以及陆棚环境沉积物的典型特征。砾屑灰岩及伴生岩石组合发育丘状(洼状)交错层理等众多风暴成因的沉积构造,为具有不同风暴沉积序列的风暴沉积物。此外,花桥组上段—车夫组沉积物中含各种藻类等浅水生物及大量三叶虫骨刺。因此,认为花桥组上段—车夫组的沉积环境应为正常浪基面以下、风暴浪基面以上,受周期性强风浪作用影响的混积陆棚环境。     

河南登封地区寒武系第三统张夏组米级旋回及其演化

河南登封地区寒武系第三统张夏组是一套167m厚的碳酸盐岩地层,出露连续且完整,发育以微生物岩主导和以后生动物扰动灰岩主导的两种米级旋回类型。通过对米级旋回的演化及其沉积学和古遗迹学特征分析,张夏组自下而上由以微生物岩主导的米级旋回逐渐让位于以后生动物扰动灰岩主导的米级旋回;沉积体系由无鲕粒滩的碳酸盐岩台地逐渐向发育厚层鲕粒滩的碳酸盐岩台地演化;沉积环境从潮下低能深水演变为开阔台地,并逐渐变浅形成鲕粒滩、局限台地;沉积岩类型从叠层石、凝块石灰岩等微生物岩逐渐变化为生物碎屑灰岩、生物扰动灰岩和含生物扰动鲕粒灰岩。     

Numerical Modelling of Steep Slopes in Open Rock Quarries

The key question regarding steep rock slopes along rock quarries is their stability because a rock slope failure can have critical results. In this study, the aim is to investigate the areas with potential risk for jointed karstic limestones in a rock quarry. First, to determine rock mass properties, scan-line surveys were performed, and the major orientations of discontinuities were analyzed using stereographic projection. Then, the physicomechanical properties of the slope-forming rock were determined in the laboratory, and geomechanical properties of the rock mass were determined using an empirical failure criterion. Finally, the quarry slope stability was assessed in accordance with numerical modelling. According to the results obtained, the numerical modelling of steep rock slopes can be efficiently evaluated by using finite element method. Beside this, the presence of joints intersecting the main discontinuity sets, the filling materials of discontinuities resulting from weathering of limestone and surface deposits, surcharge load due to mine waste dumped on the slopes and excavation blasting during construction of quarry area play a key role when modelling the steep rock slopes by using finite element method.     

内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗阿木山组海绿石的特征及其沉积环境

在内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗晚石炭世—早二叠世阿木山组第三段泥晶灰岩中发现有海绿石。对海绿石的微观特征分析表明,阿木山组海绿石呈团粒状结构,同时呈胶体产出于方解石周边,显示了原生海绿石的基本特点。电子探针的组分分析表明,阿木山组中的海绿石为高成熟度的海绿石。通过对不同地区和不同环境下海绿石的组分特征分析,建立了一种海绿石沉积的理想模式,同时揭示了阿木山组第三段海绿石化作用是在含氧量不够充分的弱还原状态下的正常浅海中进行的。本区阿木山组的下碎屑岩段和上灰岩段是在海水两进两退环境下的沉积,阿木山组灰岩中发现的海绿石则有可能代表了一个海进的开始。本区海绿石的发现及研究,对于进一步研究该区层序地层特征、地层格架及区域地层对比具有重要意义。     

柴西南翼山地区藻灰岩层储层特征及成因分析①

对南翼山藻灰岩岩层储层特征及成因进行了系统研究。结果表明，南翼山藻灰岩沉积水体环境相对浑浊，但藻类仍能生长；该区藻灰岩岩石组成及类型复杂，主要的藻灰岩岩石类型有包心菜状叠层石、藻礁、指状叠层石、水平波状叠层石等；其主要为滨岸斜坡上低能潮上环境至高能潮下环境形成的沉积体，在重力等因素的作用下产生滑动或滑塌形成的微生物成因的滑塌混积岩；岩层物性好于其它岩层；藻灰岩层的成因决定了该地区单个沉积体规模小、分散、层薄。     

山东东辛油田古近系沙河街组一段碳酸盐岩储集特征

山东东辛油田古近系沙河街组一段湖相碳酸盐岩过去仅作为盖层而忽视其油气地质意义。研究表明,其岩性以生物灰岩及鲕粒灰岩为主,并有少量螺灰岩。其中生物灰岩中以溶蚀孔隙、生物体腔孔及骨架孔隙等类型构成主要的油气储集空间,使其具有较高的孔渗性;鲕粒灰岩在形态上以长条鲕、圈层鲕最为常见,其核心以生物碎片（化石）为主,鲕粒灰岩以粒间孔和粒内孔作为主要的油气储集空间,亦具有较高的孔渗性。沙一段碳酸盐岩的主要矿物成分为白云石和方解石,且大部分白云石及部分方解石均含铁,不同岩性的储层具有不同的储集类型,储层性质受岩石类型、沉积环境、表生作用及胶结作用、溶解作用及白云岩化等成岩作用影响,且沙一段储层处于油气运聚非常有利的过渡带,在藻滩及高能浅滩部位可形成较好的油气富集带,所以对湖相碳酸盐岩储层的研究有助于老区滚动勘探开发。     

西藏北部班戈地层分区下白垩统郎山组、康曲组和余穷组地层层序研究

在西藏自治区北部区域地质调查过程中 ,在班戈地层分区的下白垩统郎山组之上发现一套厚约 180 0 m的滨海—浅海相碳酸盐岩、陆源细碎屑岩岩石组合 ,该套组合不属于郎山组定义之内 ,且出露良好、层序稳定、标志清楚、厚度巨大、化石丰富 ,并具有很强的可填图性。因此 ,我们将整合于郎山组之上 ,岩性以杂色微—薄层状钙质泥岩、钙质 (粉 )砂岩与泥质生物灰岩的韵律产出为特征 ,产圆笠虫、腹足类、双壳类等化石的地层命名为康曲组 ;将整合于康曲组之上 ,下部以灰—深灰色中薄层状泥质生物灰岩、圆笠虫泥晶灰岩、钙质泥岩等韵律出现为特征 ,上部以灰色中—厚层状含硅质结核圆笠虫泥晶灰岩、圆笠虫泥晶灰岩夹灰绿色薄层状钙质砂岩为特征 ,富含圆笠虫、腕足类、腹足类、双壳类及海胆等化石的地层定名为余穷组。时代均置于早白垩世晚期     

拉萨地块西段尼雄地区晚古生代地震事件及其地质意义

拉萨地块晚古生代处于伸展还是挤压背景一直以来存在较大的争议.在拉萨地块西段尼雄地区晚古生代地层中新发现了震积岩.拉嘎组一段震积岩单元位于含砾细砂岩冰水沉积中,可见震裂岩、震褶岩及塑性角砾岩等典型震积岩岩石类型,另见各种与震积岩相关的构造和沉积标志;拉嘎组二段震积岩单元位于潮坪沉积中,见液化卷曲变形及球-枕构造等;下拉组震积岩单元位于下段灰岩中,可见典型的粉（泥）晶灰岩脉和自碎屑角砾岩.下拉组和拉嘎组二段震积岩与燧石结核灰岩紧密共生,由此推测拉萨地块中部分晚古生代燧石结核灰岩可能与地震作用密切相关.结合区域资料,认为拉萨地块西段晚古生代地震事件与冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂陷盆地的发育有关,并为拉萨地块晚古生代演化新增了古地震活动资料.      

华南中二叠统眼球状石灰岩特征及成因的思考

眼球状石灰岩是华南地区中二叠统常见的一种碳酸盐岩岩石类型,由“眼球”和“眼皮”组成,广泛分布于中二叠统栖霞组下部和茅口组中下部。关于眼球状石灰岩特征和成因的研究,已经取得了较为丰富的成果,笔者对这些成果进行了评述:对眼球状石灰岩的分布特征、岩石学特征及地球化学特征进行了总结;对其各种成因观点进行了讨论。在此基础上,阐述了眼球状石灰岩特征研究存在的争议,指出了下一步研究应关注的方面,尤其是在微观特征及地球化学特征方面,同时认为眼球状石灰岩的石油地质意义应该引起足够的重视。     

A multidisciplinary approach for rock spreading and block sliding investigation in the north-western coast of Malta

Landslides are widespread along the north-western coast of the Island of Malta and are strictly linked to the structural setting. Exemplary cases of rock spreading and block sliding phenomena characterise this stretch of coast. They are favoured by the overposition of two different geological units widely outcropping there, the Blue Clay Formation and the Upper Coralline Limestone Formation. The latter forms a wide plateau, bordered by vertical cliffs. At the foot of the cliffs, clayey terrains crop out and develop gentle slopes covered by large blocks detached and moved by rock spreading and block sliding phenomena. These mass movements are favoured by the fragile behaviour of limestones, which cap clays, otherwise characterised by visco-plastic properties. In order to investigate the kinematics and the evolution of these types of coastal landslides, a multidisciplinary and multitechnical approach was applied on a study site, named Il-Prajjet, which provides a spectacular case of rock spreading evolving into block sliding. This paper illustrates the results achieved by means of different engineering geological and geophysical techniques allied with traditional detailed geomorphological survey and mapping. In particular, the surface displacements of the landslides were determined using long-term GPS observations, acquired approximately every 6 months, over a 4.5-year period. A network of GPS benchmarks were distributed on the edge of a limestone plateau affected by rock spreading and on a series of displaced blocks making up a large block slide, finally enabling the definition of the state of activity and the rates of movement to be performed. In addition, the results deriving from two continuous fissurimeters more recently installed at the edge of two persistent joints over the block sliding area are outlined, with reference to the correlation between variations of crack apertures and precipitation input. In order to identify main structural discontinuities and to reconstruct variability of underground surface contact between clays and overlying limestones, Resistivity Tomography profiles and GPR investigations were carried out. Finally, the results obtained by combining the outputs of geophysical surveys and different field monitoring activities can be considered a first step on which numerical models can be developed and validated, in order to assess landslide hazard and risk of this stretch of Maltese coastline.     

亚热带岩溶森林类型和坡位对碳酸盐岩溶蚀的影响

文章采用标准溶蚀试片法对比两种亚热带岩溶森林不同坡位的碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率,并分析其与土壤CO₂含量（pCO₂）和土壤含水量的对应关系。结果表明：青冈林的平均溶蚀速率（5.22±0.99 mg·cm⁻²·a⁻¹）显著高于化香树林（3.58±2.59 mg·cm⁻²·a⁻¹）;青冈林的土下溶蚀速率在垂直剖面上先增加后递减,峰值位于土下20 cm,而化香树林的随土壤深度增加而增加;青冈林不同坡位的溶蚀速率差异不显著,而化香树林中坡显著高于上坡和下坡;不同森林类型坡位间的溶蚀速率未表现一致规律。森林类型间溶速率差异与土壤含水量有较好的对应而与土壤pCO₂相反,森林内坡位间及土壤垂直剖面的溶蚀速率差异与土壤pCO₂有更好对应性。亚热带不同岩溶森林类型间溶蚀速率差异显著,可用土壤含水量较好解释;不同坡位间差异没有一致规律,但可用土壤pCO₂较好解释。     

Engineering geology of Mokattam city and vicinity, eastern Greater Cairo, Egypt

A highly jointed, highly fossiliferous, vuggy and sandy dolomitic limestone, the Ain Musa Bed, is the foundation bed rock of Mokattam city. The slopes southwestern sides of the Upper Plateau of Gebel Mokattam, where the city was built, have been affected by slope failure and retreat of the edge of the and a road have been damaged. A 55 m slope retreat took place between 1956 and 1989. A field model is proposed for the slope failure in this area where foundation bed rock are removed by erosion after swelling and flowing, which is due to saturation by leaking fresh and sewage water. The resulting unde bed rock leads to slope failure of large blocks where vertical joints act as potential failure surfaces. Several recommendations are proposed to decrea failure in the city.

The Upper Plateau of Gebel Mokattam is underlain by limestones of the Middle Plateau where a new suburb is being built. A comparison between the geolog properties of the foundation bed rocks of the Upper and Middle Plateaux indicates that the limestones of the latter are more suitable foundation bed ro with expansive clays and are composed of hard, micritic limestones with a few megafossils and no cavities. Rock mass properties are also different and are stable.     

四川盆地东北部地区长兴组碳酸盐岩成岩作用及储层孔隙演化

以四川盆地东北部长兴组碳酸盐岩为研究对象,应用薄片、铸体、阴极发光和X射线衍射等室内分析技术,对其成岩作用、成岩演化序列、储层孔隙演化及其特征进行了详细研究。研究区常见的成岩作用有：压实压溶作用、胶结作用、充填作用、交代作用、白云化作用、重结晶作用、溶蚀作用、破裂作用等成岩作用。其中对储层孔隙发育影响较大的主要是胶结作...     

凡口铅锌矿区含矿系的沉积相分析

凡口特大型层控铅锌矿床位于广东北部,矿体产于中上泥盆统底部碳酸盐岩中。近年来,研究者络绎不绝,已有大量宏观和微观资料证实其属强烈改造的层控矿床(涂光炽等,1984;陈耀钦,1982)。但对含矿系沉积相分析分岐较大,部分研究者认为存在叠层藻组成的藻礁;有人认为是由叠层石与层孔虫、珊瑚等组成的混合礁;还有人否认礁的存在。本文仅就这个问题进行讨论。下面按层位^①自下而上进行相分析,借以研究含矿系沉积环境的演化及矿源层存在的部位。     

Litho- and biostratigraphy,facies patterns and depositional sequences of the Cenomanian-Turonian deposits in the Ksour Mountains (Saharan Atlas,Algeria)

The Cenomanian-Turonian deposits exposed in the Ksour Mountains, western part of the Saharan Atlas (Algeria), document marine shelf environments that had been thriving on the North African passive margin, connected northwards to the Tethys Ocean, and fringed southwards by the Saharan craton. Their lithological, palaeontological, and sedimentological characteristics have been investigated to provide new insights into the biostratigraphy, palaeo-environmental evolution and sea-level changes in this western part of the Saharan Atlas. Three formations are recognized, from base to top of the studied succession: 1. The El Rhelida Formation comprising two informal units: the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate unit deposited under different flow regime conditions, from shoreline to backshore environments, and the limestone–claystone unit including coastal mudflat deposits prone to storm events. The early Cenomanian age of the El Rhelida Formation is supported by vertebrate assemblages. 2. The Mdaouer Formation comprising two units: the evaporitic unit dominated by claystone and evaporite alternations deposited on a flat coastal sabkha with occasional storms, and the marlstone–limestone unit formed in a peritidal-lagoonal environment. The Mdaouer Formation is of early-middle Cenomanian age. 3. The Rhoundjaïa Formation comprising three units: the lower limestone unit consisting of relatively homogeneous fossiliferous limestones; the middle marly unit composed of marlstone and bioclastic limestones, and the upper limestone unit consisting of carbonates showing vertical variations in faunal content and stratonomy. The Rhoundjaïa Formation was deposited in homoclinal ramp setting. Ammonite data indicate an early late Cenomanian to early Turonian age for this interval. Within an overall transgressive trend, the Cenomanian-Turonian deposits of the Ksour Mountains record three third-order depositional sequences bounded each by regional discontinuities.     

Geochemistry of the limestone of Mortas Formation and related terra rossa,Seydisehir, Konya,Turkey

The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the geochemical characteristics of the limestone of the Upper Cretaceous Mortas Formation and related terra rossa in a 50 km² area which is located 20 km south of the city of Seydisehir, Central Anatolia, by using data obtained from the ICP-MS analysis of randomly collected 42 samples of limestone and 18 samples of the terra rossa.The limestone of the Mortas Formation is composed of fossilliferous, gray-cream colored, medium to thick bedded, partially dolomitic carbonate rocks, and generally has dismicrite, intrapelmicrite composition. It includes the largest bauxite reservior in Turkey and has many occurences of terra rossa formation on it. According to mean distance, the Ba, Be, Hg, Mo, Nb, Sb and Th concentrations in the limestones overlying and underlying the bauxite deposits are different, but the main oxides, REE and other trace elements are same. In factor analysis, the first component reflects relative enrichment of clay against to CaO contents of the limestone, the second component corresponds to the degree of dolomitization. The PAAS-normalized REEs pattern for the Mortas Formation limestone samples illustrate similar main features as seawater.The terra rossa soils in the study area are considered to be highly weathered and weakly mature soil with respect to their generally low Al₂O₃ (21%), but high CaO (2%) contents, and their alteration indices. The element ratios in the terra rossa and limestone show that in the process of the transformation from limestone to terra rossa, Ba, Si, Ti, Al and Fe were enriched together by staying in-situ. Except Ce, all lanthanides show similar behavior, but the HREE, which were richer in limestone, were consumed fast relative to the LREE during soil formation. The association and the enrichment of Co, Cu, Cr, Ni and Pb as well as Ba, Zr, Ga, Nb and Rb in soil relative to the limestone are interpreted as being resulted from eolian transportation. Ca, Au, Hg, Sr, Se, Sb, Mo, Ag, U, Cd and Na were found to be the most mobile elements during pedogenic transformation. According to main oxide composition ratios of the limestone and terra rossa, the soils were described as representing a well washed soil completing the leaching and accumulation phase, but not totally completing the silicate weathering phase. In the processes of soil formation, 97.76% of the limestone was washed away; only 2.24% of limestone was deposited as soil. Therefore, 61 times mass reduction was realized.     

塔里木盆地塔中19井奥陶系蓬莱坝组云灰互层段的 岩性旋回特征与“顶侵型”埋藏云化模式的建立

在塔里木盆地西部台地区奥陶系蓬莱坝组地层中,发育了厚层的白云岩与灰岩的互层段,其中塔中19井蓬莱坝组云灰互层段存在着相对固定的岩性旋回,每个旋回上段为泥晶灰岩,中段为粉晶云岩,下段为硅化砂屑灰岩。对旋回3段泥晶灰岩/粉晶云岩/硅化砂屑（球粒）灰岩进行了地球化学研究发现:1）微量元素组成上,相比于泥晶灰岩与砂屑灰岩,白云岩富集大多数种类的微量元素。一般来说,白云岩样品的稀土总量（6.17×10-6～18.62×10-6）都高于互层的灰岩样品(2.86×10-6～6.80×10-6),但在PAAS标准化图解上,两者的配分模式却很一致,指示了白云岩为灰岩云化的产物。2）白云岩化分为两个期次,分别形成了高钡云岩与低钡云岩。高钡云岩表现出了高S特征,指示了Ba以重晶石形式在白云岩中富存;同时高钡云岩其高Fe、Mn含量特征指示了高钡云岩云化卤水来自热液。3）高钡云岩与低钡云岩表现出了不同的碳、氧同位素特征,指示了两期白云岩化事件。高钡云岩δ13C值与灰岩相当,δ18O值较高（-6.0‰～-3.2‰）,可能指示了交代流体来源于岩浆热液;低钡云岩δ13C值为-1.7‰～-1.5‰,高于泥晶灰岩,δ18O值变化为-9.7‰～-8.5‰,低于泥晶灰岩,推测交代流体为海水演化热液。4）灰岩87Sr/86Sr值变化很小,为0.708 983～0.709 039,粉晶云岩白云岩87Sr/86Sr值较高,并且变化范围较大,为0.708 914～0.709 409,可能由成岩作用演化造成。由于粉晶云岩沿低孔渗条件的泥晶灰岩下层分布,热液流体进入云化体系的方式只能为流体从底部通过裂缝向上运移,遇盖层封堵而沿盖层下层流动发生云化。我们将这种云化模式定义为“顶侵型埋藏云化模式”,该模式下形成的白云岩与其上泥晶灰岩构成了良好的储盖组合,具有广阔的勘探前景。     

The Jurassic Prehodavci Formation of the Julian Alps: easternmost outcrops of Rosso Ammonitico in the Southern Alps (NW Slovenia)

The Julian Alps are located in NW Slovenia and structurally belong to the Julian Nappe where the Southern Alps intersect with the Dinarides. In the Jurassic, the area was a part of the southern Tethyan continental margin and experienced extensional faulting and differential subsidence during rifting of the future margin. The Mesozoic succession in the Julian Alps is characterized by a thick pile of Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic platform limestones of the Julian Carbonate Platform, unconformably overlain by Bajocian to Tithonian strongly condensed limestones of the Prehodavci Formation of the Julian High. The Prehodavci Formation is up to 15 m thick, consists of Rosso Ammonitico type limestone and is subdivided into three members. The Lower Member consists of a condensed red, well-bedded bioclastic limestone with Fe–Mn nodules, passing into light-grey, faintly nodular limestone. The Middle Member occurs discontinuously and consists of thin-bedded micritic limestone. The Upper Member unconformably overlies the Lower or Middle Members. It is represented by red nodular limestone, and by red-marly limestone with abundant Saccocoma sp. The Prehodavci Formation unconformably overlies the Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic platform limestone of the Julian Carbonate Platform; the contact is marked by a very irregular unconformity. It is overlain by the upper Tithonian pelagic Biancone (Maiolica) limestone. The sedimentary evolution of the Julian High is similar to that of Trento Plateau in the west and records: (1) emergence and karstification of part of the Julian Carbonate Platform in the Pliensbachian, or alternatively drowning of the platform and development of the surface by sea-floor dissolution; (2) accelerated subsidence and drowning in the Bajocian, and onset of the condensed pelagic sedimentation (Prehodavci Formation) on the Julian High; (3) beginning of sedimentation of the Biancone limestone in the late Tithonian.