大庆林甸县M5.1地震序列尾波Q_c值特征研究

基于Sato单次散射模型,利用黑龙江省大庆数字化测震台网近场数字地震波形记录资料,分析计算2005年7月25日大庆林甸M5.1地震后地壳介质的尾波Qc值变化,拟合Qc值与频率之间的依赖关系,为Qc=36.58±8.67f(0.9787±0.0837)。对大庆地区2005年7月至2006年2月的余震序列尾波Qc值变化特征进行分析,结果表明,主震后该序列尾波Qc值发生显著变化。     

2021年青海甘德震群震源参数特征

1 研究背景 2021年5月22日2时4分,青海省果洛州玛多县发生MS 7.4地震,震中位于(98.34°E, 34.59°N),震源深度17 km.此次地震发生后,在震中东侧甘德县出现震群活动,空间距离约180 km,截至2021年6月28日,青海地震台网共记录ML≥1.0余震79次,其中, ML 1.0—1.9地震57次,ML 2.0—2.9地震19次,ML 3.0—3.9地震2次,ML 4.0—4.9地震1次,最大地震为5月30日ML 4.3地震.     

1999年河北省及华北地区地震概况

1 1999年河北省及京津地区地震活动实况 1.1 据河北省地震台网测定,1999年1月1日至12月31日河北省及京津地区共发生地震677次,ML1.0～1.9级地震445次,ML2.0～2.9级地震197次,ML3.0～3.9级地震31次,ML4.0～4.9级地震4次,ML≥5.0级地震1次,最大地震为1999年3月11日ML5.6级地震,见图1.     

1999年11月份华北地区ML≥3.0地震动态

根据中国地震局分析预报中心提供的资料,1999年11月份华北地区(33.0°～42.0 °N,111.0°～125.0°E)共发生ML≥3.0地震72次(见表1),其中ML≥4.0地震20次.11月29日12时10分岫岩ML 5.9地震是本月最显著的事件,11月1日21时25分阳高发生了ML 5.7地震.由于余震的影响,本月地震频度明显升高,其中在岫岩发生了3次ML 5.0以上地震.震中主要分布在华北东部和西部震区,华北中部地区相对较为平静.     

2014年10月1日越西5.0级地震发震构造及其预测意义

<正>2014年10月1日9时23分29秒,四川大凉山地区越西县发生5.0级地震。本次地震余震稀少,截止到2014年10月10日,四川区域地震台网仅记录到该地震32次余震,最大余震为10月1日20时31分35秒越西ML2.9;余震主要集中在主震后的1周内。     

2005年7月25日黑龙江省林甸5.1级地震--地下流体前兆异常分析

分析了2005年7月25日林甸5.1级地震和2005年2月23日富裕3.7级地震前,林甸1井大地微电流、林甸04井的氦气和大庆地震台的地温异常变化。大地微电流在这2次地震前具有明显的异常变化,其异常幅度达正常背景值的10~20倍。氦气在林甸5.1级地震前具有明显前兆异常变化。     

2020年西藏波密ML4.9震群活动的潮汐触发特征

2020年7-8月,西藏波密发生显著震群,震群包含25次ML≥4.0地震,最大为7月19日ML4.9地震.震群部分相邻地震具有约24h或12h的时间间隔,这意味着波密震群地震活动可能受不同周期潮汐变化的影响.针对其中20次有震源机制结果的ML≥4.0地震,分别计算地震前后震源机制解在2个节面上的潮汐正应力、剪应力和库仑...     

1999年12月份和2000年1月份华北地区ML≥3.0地震动态

根据中国地震局分析预报中心提供的资料,1999年12月份华北地区(33.0°～42.0 °N,111.0°～125.0°E)共发生ML≥3.0地震19次(见表1),其中ML≥4.0地震6次.12月30日7时17分利辛ML 4.6地震是本月最显著的事件.阳高余震衰减迅速,本月已无ML≥3.0以上余震发生.与阳高地震相比,岫岩余震的衰减虽然相对较慢,但也由上月的47次降至14次,因此,本月地震频度明显降低.震中主要分布在华北东部震区,华北中部地区相对较为平静.     

1998年11月份首都圈地区ML≥2.0地震动态

根据中国地震局地球物理研究所四室提供的资料,1998年11月首都圈地区(38.0°～41.0°N,113.0°～120.0°E)共发生ML≥2.0地震23次,其中ML≥3.0地震6次,震级最大的是11月3日10时41分发生在滦县的ML 4.0地震(见表1).本月地震频度明显高于上月,震中主要分布在唐山余震区、首都圈西北部,地处华北平原地震带的河间、大城,地震活动有所增强.其它地区较为平静.     

1999年7～8月份首都圈地区ML≥2.0地震动态

根据中国地震局地球物理研究所四室提供的资料,1999年7月首都圈地区(38.0°～41.0°N,113.0°～120.0°E)共发生ML≥2.0地震20次,其中ML≥3.0地震4次(见表1).7月25日01时发生在唐山的ML 3.7地震是本月最显著的事件,本月地震频度与上月相比,明显增强,震中主要分布在首都圈西部和唐山余震区,中部相对较为平静.     

The Yecheng,Xinjiang, China,earthquake of February 14, 1980

In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m _b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment.     

Age, geology, geophysics, and geochemistry of Mahukona Volcano, Hawai`i

The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (～6,000?km³) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ～270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high ³He/⁴He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized.     

Podhale,Poland, earthquake of November 30, 2004

Earthquake of November 30, 2004, in Podhale region, southern Poland, was of unexpectedly big size in this area of weak seismicity. As Poland is considered a country of low seismicity, the earthquake has caused concern about seismic hazard in Poland, especially since it took place shortly after the even more unexpected Kaliningrad Region, Russia, earthquakes of September 21, 2004, that inflicted minor damage in northern Poland. The paper presents the findings on the Podhale earthquake which reached macroseismic intensity up to 7 and magnitude 4.7 (m _b ; ISC). The event was felt up to a distance of about 100 km and inflicted slight damage to buildings in its narrow epicentral area, thus evidencing its relatively shallow depth. The quake has been located near the village of Skrzypne, about 15 km west-southwest of the district capital Nowy Targ. The source mechanism has been found to be of dip slip normal fault type, although a problem remains of association of this mechanism with known tectonic dislocations in the region. The earthquake has been followed by a long series of aftershocks. Their distribution in time is also studied and the biggest aftershocks have been located.     

太阳磁场磁性指数异常变化对南北半球中纬度气候的影响

本文参照太阳黑子相对数特征建立了太阳黑子磁场磁性指数时间序列. 大气温度场谱分析结果显示,南北半球中纬度平流层和对流层大气温度场普遍存在22年变化周期. 分析认为,大气温度场的22年变化周期是太阳活动22年磁性周期所激发.     

Anorthite,andesine, wollastonite,diopside, cordierite and pyrope: thermodynamics of melting,glass transitions,and properties of the amorphous phases

Drop calorimetry measurements between 900 and 1850 K are reported for amorphous anorthite, andesine, wollastonite, diopside, cordierite and pyrope. The isobaric heat capacities of the glassy and liquid phases of these materials, and the enthalpies of fusion of the minerals have been derived. The calorimetric entropies of fusion of these substances and of other oxide minerals are generally consistent with the calculated volume changes on melting and with the observed pressure dependences of the melting points. The thermodynamics of mixing of liquid plagioclases have been examined, and it is concluded that their enthalpies of mixing are markedly different from the values derived directly from solution calorimetry measurements at 985 K.     

Physical properties,vitrinite reflectance,and microstructure of coal,Taiyuan Formation,Qinshui Basin,China

In this study, we experimentally established the relationship between physical properties, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of coal, Taiyuan Formation, Qinshui Basin, China using representative coal samples collected from three different mines via the rock mechanics testing system (MTS). We analyzed the organic macerals, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of 11 coal samples using petrography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results suggest that (1) the elastic parameters can be described by linear equations, (2) both P-and S-wave velocities display anisotropy, (3) the anisotropy negatively correlates with vitrinite reflectance, and (4) the acoustic velocities and Young’s modulus are negatively correlated with the volume of micropores. The derived empirical equations can be used in the forward modeling and seismic inversion of physical properties of coal for improving the coal-bed methane (CBM) reservoir characterization.     

Facets of uncertainty: epistemic uncertainty,non-stationarity,likelihood, hypothesis testing,and communication

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a discussion of some of the issues associated with the multiple sources of uncertainty and non-stationarity in the analysis and modelling of hydrological systems. Different forms of aleatory, epistemic, semantic, and ontological uncertainty are defined. The potential for epistemic uncertainties to induce disinformation in calibration data and arbitrary non-stationarities in model error characteristics, and surprises in predicting the future, are discussed in the context of other forms of non-stationarity. It is suggested that a condition tree is used to be explicit about the assumptions that underlie any assessment of uncertainty. This also provides an audit trail for providing evidence to decision makers.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor S. Weijs     

Spatial distribution,source apportionment,and associated risks of trace metals (As,Pb, Cr,Cd, and Hg) from a subtropical river,Gomti, Bangladesh

Sediment samples from the Gomti River basin were investigated to determine and evaluate trace metal concentrations,their biological effect,and potential ecological and human health risks for adults and children.The mean concentrations of trace metals were organized in the descending order of mercury(Hg)(0.08 mg/kg)>chromium(Cr)(0.06 mg/kg)>lead(Pb)(0.05 mg/kg)>arsenic(As)(0.02 mg/kg)>cadmium(Cd)(0.01 mg/kg).The current study illustrated that metals were attributed to the area from natural sources and different anthropogenic sources especially from industries.However,the concentration levels were lower than the sediment quality guidelines(SQGs)based on the effect-range classifications of threshold effect concentration(TEC)and probable effect concentration(PEC).Therefore,the concentration of the elements showed no adverse biological effects on aquatic organisms.The evaluated potential ecological risk index also revealed the low toxicity to the aquatic environment.Moreover,the applied sediment quality indices,geo-accumulation index(Igeo),contamination factor(CF),and contamination severity index(CSI)suggested that the contamination levels of the elements were in the acceptable range,and the contamination had not notably impacted on the sediment quality.The risk index(HI)concerning age groups was significantly less than the threshold limit of 1 indicating that the contamination had no non-carcinogenic risk effect.The total carcinogenic risk(TCR)was less than a risk value of 1×10⁴.Hence,the current study suggests that immediate remediation is not required due to an absence of alarming conditions in the study area.Proper monitoring of the attribution of the metal elements should be done for the betterment of human and environmental health。