辽宁瓦房店温坨子原核电场场址东岗断裂的活动性

位于辽宁瓦房店温坨子的东岗断裂是一条隐伏断层，靠近该地区原曾选定的核电站场址，通过详细的野外地质工作，查明了该断裂的地理位置、几何形态，发现断裂带东延至尉屯就转向北去，并确定它没有与金州断裂相接。经系列探槽的开挖，断层构造岩及有关地层样吕作绝对年龄测定，证明东岗断层错断了中更新世地层；但约５万年以来断层的上覆地层没有被错断，因此认为东岗断层不是能动断层。     

断层泥粒度成分的分形研究

用分形理论分析了断层泥粒度成分的分形结构特征，其分维在２～３之间，平均值为２．８左右。分维可作为定量描述断层泥粒度成分的参数，分维值高的断层泥，自组织程度高，其形成演化处于高级阶段。探讨了断层泥的分维及其物理力学性质指标和断层运动特征的关系     

雁列走滑断层发展的相互力学作用效应

雁列走滑断层的重叠几何学已为人们所孰识。通过测量叠量和相邻断层之间的距离，标绘并互相对比了１２０多个例子，我们已经使这些观测值定量化。尽管有在的离散，然而资料显示的线性倾向证明重叠量的增加与相邻断层之间的距离成比例，直到一个极限值。使用位移不连续的数值模拟，按照断层的相互作用，我们分析了这些值得注意的关系。结果表明，断层的相互作用事实上是一个对雁列走滑断层重叠几何形状有很大控制作用的重要因素。     

南澳强震区北部断裂活动性与断层气异常的关系

南澳强震区北部柘林地区断层气的测试结果表明，北西向黄岗水断裂带的主干断裂断层气含量较高，次级断裂和其它方向断裂的断层气含量较低，根据断层气异常，结合断裂新活动的表现形式和地震分布特征，大致可将区内断裂的活动性划分为三类。     

断层场地震害研究综述

本文介绍了国内外断层场地震害的研究现状和主要观点，指出了断层提高烈度的观点的片面性，阐述了我国地震考察中研究方法的创新和取得的主要研究结果，总结了断层场地的震害特征和非发震断层对震害无明显影响的主要结论。     

滇西北地区断层破碎带宽度与为断层错距的统计关系

本文对非粘土断层泥带宽度与断层错距在断层（带）发育中期线性相关的实验结果为依据，对滇西北地区断层破碎带宽度（Ｗ）与断层错距（Ｄ）的关系作了统计分析，目的在于建立一种从断层破碎带几何特征反演断层背景位移的新方法。通过对该区中等发育程度的３３条断层４８组样本的统计，得到相关性较好的Ｄ＝１８．５Ｗ的经验关系式，同时还就这一关系式的适用范围及影响因素进行了分析讨论。应用Ｄ－Ｗ关系，确定了直线型的剑川断裂中     

辽南核电站厂址区断层的评价问题

作者通过对核安全法规的学习和前人对辽南核电站厂址区断层的调查，并结合对断层实际踏勘，认为厂址区附近的东岗断层属于现行法规（ＨＡＦ０１０１）中规定的能动断层。但是，仅此一点并不能构成对推荐厂址的威胁，因为断层距厂址直线距离约４ｋｍ，断层的地表或近地表错动不会直接影响到核反应堆的安全。     

断层泥在基岩区断层新活动研究中的意义

断层泥在基岩区断层新活动研究中的意义在于：利用断层泥中粘土矿物的组合、成分、结晶程度可以判定断层活动时的物理环境；断层泥带的宽度与断层的位移量有一定的线性关系，从而可用于确定断层的位移量；断层泥的显微构造特征及其中石英碎砾的表面结构，可以提供有关断层活动方式、性质、期次、时代等重要信息。对断层泥进行包括野外详细观测、室内显微构造分析以及年龄测定在内的综合研究，是确定基岩区断层新活动特征的行之有效的方法。     

负位错模型与断层运动图象：确定滇西地震预报实验区的潜在震源区

为了确定断层的滑移区和闭锁区，我们采用闭锁区存在一个负位错和断层两侧的地块相对运动相叠加的模型来模拟断层运动图象，并使用多期大地测量资料反演确定断层的闭锁区。本文采用滇西地震预报实验区的两期大地测量资料和部分跨断层形变观测资料，反演确定了该地区四条主要活动断层的运动图象，从而判断大理，祥云一带为断层的闭锁区，并以此作为确定在震源区的标志。     

榆木山北缘断裂的构造地貌特征与断层活动性

构造地貌能反映断裂的结构变形特征和断层的活动强度。便如断层陡坎的高度、长度和坡度以及断层陡坎的连续程度。在这篇文章中，讨论了断层段内每个段落断层陡坎的F（C），F（D），F（LR），F（SR）值的特征。在这篇文章结尾，还讨论了冲洪积扇特征对以活动强度的反映。从地貌统计结果来看，发现在榆木山断裂的中间部位冲洪积扇体坡度最大，从中间向两侧中洪积扇扇体坡度呈减弱趋势。文中还给出了断层陡无坎变形的测量结果，冲洪积扇扇顶热释光年龄和断层滑动速度。从分析结果来看，榆木山北缘断裂可以细分为三段，东段（梨园小口子－排路口）、中段（排路口－芦泉河）和西段（芦泉河－李家山子）。     

青藏高原东北缘主要断裂闭锁特征和滑动亏损研究

利用1999—2015年GPS水平速度场, 基于块体-位错模型, 反演了青藏高原东北缘4条主要断裂(海原断裂, 六盘山断裂, 陇县—宝鸡断裂, 西秦岭北缘断裂)的闭锁程度和滑动亏损速率的空间分布, 并分析了各断裂的地震危险性。 结果显示, 六盘山断裂南段、 陇县-宝鸡断裂北段、 西秦岭北缘断裂东段闭锁程度最强, 闭锁深度达到24 km左右; 西秦岭北缘断裂东段滑动亏损速率最大, 平均值达到3 mm/a; 六盘山断裂南段、 陇县—宝鸡断裂北段滑动亏损速率平均值达到1.9 mm/a, 稍弱于西秦岭北缘断裂东段; 海原断裂闭锁程度和滑动亏损速率相对较小, 闭锁程度和滑动亏损都仅分布在浅部。 我们认为现阶段海原断裂的地震危险性相对较小, 六盘山断裂南段、 陇县—宝鸡北段、 西秦岭北缘断裂东段地震危险性高于这些断裂的其他段落。 这些结果对于青藏高原东北缘地震危险性判定和地震灾害评估具有参考意义。     

广东地区断裂安全度的计算

以准静态非稳定地震模型为理论依据，采用二维有限元方法与正交设计法，联合反演本世纪以来广东省及其邻近地区的５次强震活动对断裂安全度的影响。进行探讨潜在的地震危险区。结果表明，断裂安全度下降剧烈特别是安全度接近为零的地区具有较大的危险性。阳江地震以后，广东东部的几条北西断裂安全度数值较低，最近期地震危险最突出的地段。此外，珠江三角洲南侧的北东东向断裂与北西向断裂的交汇处也具有一定的潜在地震危险。     

酒泉盆地北侧金塔南山北缘断裂西段全新世活动特征

金塔南山北缘断裂是酒泉盆地北侧的一条重要的活动断裂, 断裂西起梧桐墩西北, 向东经长山、 瓜勾山、 鸳鸯池水库、 大口子山到红墩以西, 长约60 km, 走向近东西, 倾向北或南, 倾角60°~80°。 断裂活动方式以挤压逆冲为主, 兼有左旋走滑特征。 通过对现场断错地貌的调查和探槽开挖, 发现金塔南山北缘断裂西段晚第四纪活动强烈, 并有古地震发生。     

徐州活动断层探测项目主要断层活动性研究

对徐州市主要可能的发震断层开展了活动性探测及地震危险性评价工作,这对徐州市开展防震减灾工作具有重大意义.根据前人资料,分析了威胁徐州市区安全的主要5条隐伏断层,它们分别为幕集-刘集断裂、不老河断裂、废黄河断裂、班井断裂和邵楼断裂.同时根据徐州市活动断层探测项目的要求,针对这5条主要断层开展了浅层地震勘探、钻孔联合剖面探测、野外地震地质调查等相关工作,评价了这5条断层的活动历史、活动性质、规模、展布和地貌特征,及其最新活动时代.结果表明,废黄河断裂最新活动时代为中更新世中期,邵楼断裂最新活动时代为早更新世,这2条断层是目标区具备一定程度发震能力和地震危险性最大的断层.     

澜沧,耿马震区断层启动系数与大震序列发震断裂研究

在分析构造应力场最大主应力方向和断层走向之间的夹角与断层错动关系的基础上，同时还考虑断层的几何特征，错动性质以及应力场状态等因素，提出以断怪启动系数Ｋ值来定量表征处在相同构造尖力环境中，不同走向的活动断裂的活动程度，并以１９８８年澜沧－耿马大震序鲁为例，计算了大震和强余震震源机制节面的断层启动系数，对震区主要活动断裂在近似情况下也计算了断层启动系数，以此在结合地震破裂带等资料对大震和强余震的发震断     

从块体中心论看中国近期强震成组活动的特征

从块体中心论的角度出发,根据中国活动地块研究的最新成果,对1977—2003年中国大陆强震成组发生的构造和震源机制特征进行了分析。结果表明,这些成组发生的强震大都位于活动地块区(Ⅰ级地块)的边界带上或活动地块区内活动地块(Ⅱ级地块)的边界带上。根据哈佛大学提供的CMT(矩张量)解,同组的强震大都具有相似的震源机制。事实表明活动地块区具有整体活动的特点,而且在动力学与运动学方面存在统一性。这些特征对认识强震成组活动的机理,缩小成组强震预测的空间范围具有现实意义     

Earthquake recurrence on whole active fault zones and its relation to that on individual fault-segments

IntroductionEarthquake recurrence models established on activity behaviors of strong earthquakes are the bases of long-term earthquake prediction, seismic risk zonation, and seismic hazard assessment. A lot of studies have been carried out on earthquake recurrence behaviors for specific seismogenic sources or fault-segments, and a series of empirical recurrence models have been proposed, such as the time-predictable model and the slip-predictable model for earthquakes repeated at the previous …     

DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS AND KINEMATIC PARAMETERS INVERSION OF HAIYUAN FAULT ZONE BASED ON TIME SERIES INSAR

Located at the bend of the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Haiyuan fault zone is a boundary fault of the stable Alashan block, the stable Ordos block and the active Tibet block, and is the most significant fault zone for the tectonic deformation and strong earthquake activity. In 1920, a M8.5 earthquake occurred in the eastern segment of the fault, causing a surface rupture zone of about 240km. After that, the segment has been in a state of calmness in seismic activity, and no destructive earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above have occurred. Determining the current activity of the Haiyuan fault zone is very important and necessary for the analysis and assessment of its future seismic hazard. To study activity of the Haiyuan fault zone, the degree of fault coupling and the future seismic hazard, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a lot of research using geology methods and GPS geodetic techniques, but these methods have certain limitations. The geology method is a traditional classical method of fault activity research, but dislocation measurement can only be performed on a local good fault outcrop. There are a limited number of field measurement points and the observation results are not equally limited depending on the sampling location and sampling method. The distribution of GPS stations is sparse, especially in the near-fault area, there is almost no GPS data. Therefore, the spatial resolution of the deformation field features obtained by GPS is low, and there are certain limitations in the kinematic parameter inversion using this method. In this study, we obtain the average InSAR line-of-sight deformation field from the Maomaoshan section to the mid-1920s earthquake rupture segment of the Haiyuan earthquake in the period from 2003 to 2010 based on the PSInSAR technique. The results show that there are obvious differences between the slip rates of the two walls of the fault in the north and the south, which are consistent with the motion characteristics of left-lateral strike-slip in the Haiyuan fault zone. Through the analysis of the high-density cross-fault deformation rate profile of the Laohushan segment, it is determined that the creep length is about 19km. Based on the two-dimensional arctangent model, the fault depth and deep slip rate of different locations in the Haiyuan fault zone are obtained. The results show that the slip rate and the locking depth of the LHS segment change significantly from west to east, and the slip rate decreases from west to east, decreasing from 7.6mm/a in the west to 4.5mm/a in the easternmost. The western part of the LHS segment and the middle part are in a locked state. The western part has a locking depth of 4.2~4.4km, and the middle part has a deeper locking depth of 6.9km, while the eastern part is less than 1km, that is, the shallow surface is creeping, and the creep rate is 4.5~4.8mm/a. On the whole, the 1920 earthquake's rupture segment of the Haiyuan fault zone is in a locked state, and both the slip rate and the locking depth are gradually increased from west to east. The slip rate is increased from 3.2mm/a in the western segment to 5.4mm/a in the eastern segment, and the locking depth is increased from 4.8km in the western segment to 7.5km in the eastern segment. The results of this study refine the understanding of the slip rate and the locking depth of the different segments of the Haiyuan fault zone, and provide reference information for the investigation of the strain accumulation state and regional seismic hazard assessment of different sections of the fault zone.     

Recent geodynamics of dangerous faults

The analysis of the existing information concerning the present-day deformation activity of the fault zones in seismically active and aseismic regions suggests that the notions of an active fault and a dangerous fault should be distinguished. It is shown that a fault which is active for an expert in geotectonics will not be considered dangerous by an expert in geotechnical monitoring of buildings. The definition is given according to which a dangerous fault is understood as a zone of linear destruction which accommodates the contemporary short-period (a few months and years) pulsed and/or alternating motions with strain rates above 5 × 10^–5 per annum and earthquakes with M ≥ 5. A technique is developed for identifying the dangerous faults based on monitoring the recent ground surface displacements in accordance with a special protocol which ensures an increased degree of detail in time and space. Based on the idea of the probable accumulation of dangerous strains during the operating cycle of the objects, the criteria for assessing their geodynamical risks are formulated.     

Fault detection by reflected surface waves based on ambient noise interferometry

Detecting subsurface fault structure is important for evaluating potential earthquake risks associated with active faults. In this study, we propose a new method to detect faults using reflected surface waves observed in ambient noise cross correlation functions. Ambient noise tomography using direct surface waves obtained from ambient noise interferometry has been widely used to characterize active fault zones. In cases where a strong velocity contrast exists across the fault interface, fault-reflected surface waves are expected. We test this idea using a linear array deployed in the Suqian segment of Tanlu fault zone in Eastern China. The fault-reflected surface waves can be clearly seen in the cross-correlation functions of the ambient noise data, and the spatial position of the fault on the surface is close to the stations where the reflected signals first appear. Potentially reflected surface waves could also be used to infer the dip angle, fault zone thickness and the degree of velocity contrast across the fault by comparing synthetic and observed waveforms.