大陆碰撞造山带的流体成分与演化:东喜马拉雅构造结南迦巴瓦岩群高压麻粒岩的流体包裹体研究

位于喜马拉雅东构造结的南迦巴瓦岩群经历了高压麻粒岩相、中压麻粒岩相和角闪岩相三期变质作用.在高压麻粒岩中含有复杂的流体包裹体类型,按照捕获先后顺序有:H2O-CO2±CH4包裹体(Ⅰ型);CO2±CH4±N2包裹体(Ⅱ型);高盐度多相包裹体(Ш型);中.低盐度H2O包裹体(Ⅳ型)和极低密度气体包裹体或"空"包裹体(Ⅴ型).在基性麻粒岩中,被石榴石包裹石英中孤立分布的H2O-CO2 4-CH4包裹体,以及部分沿石榴石晶内裂隙分布的H2-CO2±CH4和H2O包裹体轨迹未穿过围绕石榴石的辉石 斜长石后成合晶冠状体,表明它们有可能是在麻粒岩相变质阶段捕获的.然而,所有流体包裹体的等容线均从麻粒岩相变质峰期P-T区间下方通过,说明麻粒岩相变质峰期捕获的包裹体均受到了不同程度的改造,包括部分爆裂、渗漏和流体-矿物相互作用等.现存的富CO2流体包裹体均具有较低密度,并且往往含有明显数量CH4和N2组分,不可能是麻粒岩相变质峰期捕获的包裹体.根据富CO2包裹体与具有不同相比的H2-CO2包裹体共存推测,大部分CO2包裹体是通过H2O-CO2包裹体中H2O的选择性泄漏而形成的.Ⅲ型高盐度盐水包裹体很可能是角闪岩相退变质过程中捕获的,因其等容线与退变质轨迹近于平行,这些包裹体很可能保存了其在角闪岩相阶段捕获时的原生物理化学特征.沿矿物颗粒裂隙分布的大量Ⅳ型和Ⅴ型包裹体,应该是角闪岩相或更晚期形成的次生包裹体,代表了浅成(近地表)环境的循环流体.与世界许多地区麻粒岩相岩石普遍舍高密度纯CO2流体包裹体不同,南迦巴瓦岩群高压麻粒岩以富含H2O-CO4±CH4和H2O包裹体为特征,这可能与高压麻粒岩与高温麻粒岩产出于不同的构造环境和经历的退变质轨迹有关.     

大别山北部石榴辉石麻粒岩流体包裹体研究

大别山北部石榴辉石麻粒岩是一种基性麻粒岩,岩石中富含有大量CO_2、CH_4、H_2S、H_2O流体包裹体,及含子晶多相包裹体。首次在寄主矿物石榴石、透辉石发现有含固相的多相包裹体。经拉曼光谱及电镜分析,固相部分为石榴石,辉石、重晶石和铁的氧化物;气相成分为H_2O、CO、CO_2、H_2S、H_2、CH_4、C_2H_2等,均一温度分别为950℃、975℃。指示着石榴辉石麻粒岩在形成过程中,在还原气氛下曾经发生过局部深熔作用,产生在组成上近于石榴石、辉石的熔体。这种溶体被正在结晶的石榴石,透辉石所捕获。石榴石中早期的含石榴石子晶+CO_2多相包裹体其CO_2密度为0.65～0.626g/cm~3;二相的 CO_2包裹体,CO_2部分的均一温度26～28.2℃,为晚期捕获的低密度CO_2包裹体,密度为0.648～0.688g/cm~3。石英中三相H_2O-CO_2包裹体,Th=331～410℃,CO_2-水合物溶化温度7.3°～8.6℃,是一种低盐度包裹体,CO_2部分均一温度:25.7～28℃,CO_2密度0.65～0.698g/cm~3为早中期捕获的包裹体。整个岩石中未发现高密度CO_2流体包裹体。表明麻粒岩可以形成在低密度CO_2之中。H_2O-NaCl包体均一温度80～475℃,密度0.36～1.026g/cm~3,主要为晚期包裹体,少数高密度H_2O包裹体,为早期捕获的包裹体。通过流体包裹体等容线确立石榴辉石麻粒岩P-T轨迹为     

苏鲁超高压变质带桃行榴辉岩及高压脉体中流体包裹体研究

桃行榴辉岩是苏鲁超高压变质带中段主要榴辉岩体密集分布区之一。流体包裹体研究表明,榴辉岩矿物及高压脉体石英中捕获有五种类型的流体包裹体：在超高压-高压榴辉岩相条件下捕获的N2±CH4包裹体;在榴辉岩发生麻粒岩相叠加变质作用期间被捕获的B型纯CO2液相包裹体;在高压榴辉岩重结晶阶段被捕获的C型CO2-H2O包裹体和D型高盐度水溶液包裹体;超高压岩石折返过程中的最晚阶段（角闪岩相退变质甚至更晚）捕获的E型低盐度水溶液包裹体。利用榴辉岩矿物及高压脉体石英中捕获的流体包裹体类型及期次可以重建超高压变质作用板片折返过程中的流体性状与演化,而石榴石中捕获的纯CO2包裹体为本区榴辉岩相岩石遭受了麻粒岩相叠加提供了佐证。     

冀西北麻粒岩相花岗质片麻岩中矿物的流体包裹体特征及其地质意义

本文报道了冀西北地区麻粒岩相片麻岩中矿物内流体包裹体的特征并讨论了其地质意义。根据包裹体的形态、赋存状态并结合包裹体ＣＯ２密度的演化，在麻粒岩相花岗质片麻岩的矿物中可识别出四种类型的流体包裹体：１）一相富ＣＯ２包裹体、２）气液两相富ＣＯ２包裹体、３）三相含液态ＣＯ２包裹体，４）含石盐子晶的多相包裹体。不同类型包裹体的特征和密度等表明，该区花岗质片麻岩经历了三个阶段的变质过程。第一阶段，在麻粒岩相变质作用峰期之后捕获了高密度的富ＣＯ２包裹体。在第二阶段形成了两相富ＣＯ２包裹体。第三阶段捕获了低密度的三相含液态ＣＯ２包裹体。这种很低密度的流体包裹体反映了晚期变形和退变质期间的温压条件     

中高盐度NaCl-H_2O溶液包裹体3种存在形式(T_h＞T_m、T_h=T_m、T_h＜T_m)的形成机制及捕获时的物化条件研究

首次提出均一捕获的中高盐度NaCl-H_2O溶液包裹体出现的3种类型(T_h>T_m、T_h=T_m、T_h|△V_s|,即在NaCl饱和曲线上温度小于Tr点温度(|△_l|=|△V_s|时的温度)段捕获包裹体的T_h=T_m,T_h或T_m为其捕获时温度。当包裹体的|△_l|≤|△V_s|,即在NaCl饱和曲线上温度大于或等于Tr点温度段捕获的包裹体的T_hT_m,T_h是该类包裹体捕获的最低温度。在温度和密度均大于Tr点的等容线上捕获的包裹体的T_h相似文献   

中高盐度NaCl-H_2O溶液包裹体3种存在形式(T_h》T_m、T_h=T_m、T_h 时的物化条件研究

首次提出均一捕获的中高盐度NaCl-H_2O溶液包裹体出现的3种类型(T_h>T_m、T_h=T_m、T_h<T_m)主要取决于包裹体捕获时的相态(均一相与不均一相)及包裹体捕获后降温和升温过程中引起的ΔV_l(NaCl-H_2O饱和溶液容积的变化)与ΔV_s(盐晶容积的变化)之间的关系.在均一捕获NaCl-H_2O饱和溶液时,当包裹体的|ΔV_l|>|ΔV_s|,即在NaCl饱和曲线上温度小于Tr点温度(|ΔV_l|=|ΔV_s|时的温度)段捕获包裹体的T_h=T_m,T_h或T_m为其捕获时温度.当包裹体的|ΔV_l|≤|ΔV_s|,即在NaCl饱和曲线上温度大于或等于Tr点温度段捕获的包裹体的T_h<T_m,T_m是其捕获温度,T_h与捕获时的压力呈负相关关系.在均一捕获不饱和NaCl-H_2O溶液时,即温度大于饱和点温度,密度小于饱和点密度区间捕获的包裹体的T_h>T_m,T_h是该类包裹体捕获的最低温度.在温度和密度均大于Tr点的等容线上捕获的包裹体的T_h<T_m,其T_m是该类包裹体捕获的最低温度,T_h与捕获时的压力呈负相关关系,在温度小于T_r点的等容线上捕获的包裹体的T_h=T_m,其T_h或T_m是该类包裹体捕获的最低温度.在不均一捕获NaCl-H_2O饱和溶液时, T_h与T_m高于或等于捕获温度,T_h与T_m的关系决定于捕获时盐晶和气泡的容积比.通过热力学计算还确定了气液平衡标准条件(1个大气压、25 ℃)下Tr点温度为335 ℃.提出通过计算不同温压条件下的Tr点值、常温常压下的V_l、V_g、V_s之间的比值来区分该类包裹体的捕获环境(均一相与不均一相).     

成矿环境中的高密度碳质流体:以阿尔泰南缘为例

碳质流体(CO2-CH4-N2体系流体)常见于地幔橄榄岩和下地壳麻粒岩中。近期研究表明,阿尔泰南缘晚古生代成矿环境中的碳质流体极为丰富,不仅在造山型金矿中赋存大量与成矿有关的碳质流体,而且在VMS型矿床中也存在同造山期的变质碳质流体。由共生的富CO2包裹体(LCO2-LH2O型)和H2O-CO2包裹体(LH2O-LCO2型)的均一温度推测,造山型金矿的碳质流体捕获温度大于254～394.5℃,压力大于150～320MPa;VMS矿床的变质碳质流体捕获温度大于209～430℃,压力大于180～300MPa,两者具相似的捕获温度压力条件。碳质流体的捕获温度压力条件与变质相带相平衡计算的变质温度、压力范围相当。碳质流体源于区域变质作用,并参与了与造山型金矿有关的构造-变质-流体-成矿作用和对VMS型矿床的变质改造作用。     

云南大坪金矿含金石英脉中高结晶度石墨包裹体:下地壳麻粒岩相变质流体参与成矿的证据

石墨作为各种岩浆岩和变质岩的副矿物可作为主岩形成条件的指示剂。本文利用激光拉曼光谱分析在大坪金矿含金脉石英中发现了大量孤立的石墨固体包裹体,进一步利用激光拉曼光谱和显微测温分析了其寄主矿物的流体包裹体特征,据此探讨了这些石墨包裹体的形成条件和本区成矿流体的来源。结果表明:所有大坪石墨的拉曼光谱都在1576~1580cm-1处出现尖锐的有序O峰,而绝大多数在1355cm-1附近不出现无序的D锋,表明这些石墨具有完全有序结构和完好的结晶度;其寄主矿物流体包裹体主要是纯CO2包裹体和富CO2包裹体。根据大坪石墨的拉曼光谱D:O峰强度比,估计这些石墨形成于麻粒岩相变质温度条件下,与石英中富CO2流体包裹体的均一温度(300.0~420.0℃)极不相称;含金石英脉中包裹体的类型和成分也表明本区不存在从流体中直接沉淀石墨的物理化学条件,因此推测这些石墨形成于下地壳麻粒岩相变质环境下。本区喜马拉雅期切割较深的韧性剪切带从下地壳麻粒岩相变质基底中汲取大量富CO2的流体的同时,还从下地壳携带微粒石墨,富含CO2和高结晶度石墨的成矿流体沿剪切带上升,并在闪长岩体内脆性断裂中沉淀成矿。本文的研究成果再次证实了下地壳流体对大坪金矿成矿的贡献。     

改进后的烃类流体包裹体热力学模拟方法及其在油气成藏研究中的应用

烃类包裹体成分和热力学行为非常复杂,准确恢复捕获条件一直是一个难点。以往的研究一般用盐水包裹体的均一温度来代替捕获温度,但是均一温度和捕获温度之间有误差,用均一温度代替捕获温度不够准确,因此需要校正。笔者对烃类和同期盐水包裹体的均一温度先校正后模拟,减少了烃类包裹体热力学模拟误差;通过对储层流体包裹体进行显微荧光、显微测温、显微共聚焦激光扫描、显微傅里叶变换红外光谱等实验分析,得到流体包裹体均一温度(90~170 ℃)、盐度(0.71%~11.1%)、气液比(7%~9%)、CH₄的摩尔分数(20%~25%)和CH₂/CH₃(4~8)等参数;结合盐水包裹体均一温度校正曲线,利用FIT-Oil软件进行PIT(烃类包裹体热力学)模拟,恢复储层包裹体的捕获压力和捕获温度,提高了包裹体捕获条件获得的精度。为了验证此方法的准确性,以人工合成包裹体作为标准样品,获得盐水包裹体均一温度与捕获温度关系校正曲线,参数校正后利用软件计算出的捕获温压与实验设定的温压条件吻合良好。以东营凹陷丰深10井沙四下亚段储层包裹体为实例,进行了古温压和成藏期的估算,与前人通过其他方法得出的结论一致,证实了捕获条件获得的准确性。     

埕岛下古生界古岩溶充填物流体包裹体特征分析

埕岛下古生界古岩溶充填物中流体包裹体非常丰富,不同的岩溶过程中捕获的包裹体的性质和形态有很大差别。研究表明,区内包裹体捕获的环境主要分为三种: 即表生岩溶环境捕获的包裹体、浅埋岩溶环境捕获的包裹体和深埋热水、油田水岩溶环境中捕获的包裹体,这分别与本区的第四、五、六次岩溶过程相对应,其包裹体均一温度的温阶分别是70～ 100℃低温阶、100～ 140℃中温阶和140～ 250℃高温阶。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)