对磁组构在岩石变形分析应用中若干问题的思考

在应用传统的磁组构方法进行岩石构造变形分析时,发现这些方法中有许多不完善之处,如变形岩石磁化率量值椭球和应变椭球是否可以对应及对应条件,初始磁组构是否会影响变形碉石磁化率量值椭球与应变椭球的对应关系,岩石脆性破裂前的塑性变形是否影响磁组构,韧性变形如何影响磁组构,能否用磁组构来推断主应力方向,Ｒａｔｏｒｅ（１９８０）最小磁化率指向对韧性剪切带运动方向和方式的分析在多期变形区是否适用等,并据此提出解     

人造金刚石钻进的开孔问题

人造金刚石钻进时用什么钻头开孔好?用硬合金钻头开孔,受到岩石硬度的限制.硬合金钻头在坚硬岩石中钻进,效率低,成本高.采用大口径的人造金刚石钻头开孔也存在效率和成本问题.用钢粒钻头开孔,由于残留钢粒的存在,换径钻进时往往使人造金刚石钻头损坏而过早报废. 我队在漓渚铁矿区施工,地表岩石坚硬而且破碎,不得不采用钢粒钻头开孔,经三     

岩石矿物组份质量转移的模糊聚类定量计算

本文根据岩石矿物组份质量分数值的定和特性 ,提出定量计算组份质量转移的新方法。该方法运用模糊动态聚类分析技术 ,通过计算复原定和差并判定差值类型 ,辅以相应的判别参数 ,逐步从中筛选出真恒量组份 ,再利用真恒量组份定值系数 ,计算出变组岩石矿物各组份的真实质量分数值和转移量值。笔者将该方法称为真恒量组份定值法 (TCF法 )。     

用磁化率各向异性研究构造变形的几个问题

本文讨论了用磁化率各向异性研究构造变形时应注意的几个问题。介绍用磁化率各向异性研究岩石变形的限制条件,待解决的问题及应用前景。同时提出了地质历史时期岩石脆性破裂前的塑性变形可能会引起磁化率各向异性的变化及岩石中不同期,不同种类的磁性矿物的共存可能是影响磁化率椭球与应变椭球对应关系的是一个重要因素的观点。     

关于东南极拉斯曼丘陵夕线片麻岩类原岩恢复问题的讨论

南极拉斯曼丘陵及其邻区的(含)夕线片麻岩类的原岩可以是杂砂岩、亚杂砂岩、石英砂岩、泥质岩或页岩等。粘土岩或页岩之类的富铝沉积岩与富夕线片麻岩并没有直接对应关系。没有一种泥质岩的化学组成可以与富夕线片麻岩相对应。研究区内夕线石片麻岩的形成主要与黑云斜长片麻岩有关,影响夕线石出现的决定性因素是特定温压条件下的变形变质改造过程,而不是原岩成分。夕线石片麻岩在很大程度上是黑云斜长片麻岩经长英质组分迁移之后的滞留-残留体。夕线石化过程中岩石组分发生了改造,相关变质作用已经明显偏离等化学过程,基本上属于开放体系。原岩中Al2O3的含量也不能控制夕线石的出现与否,含夕线石的岩石未必富铝,反之亦然,岩石富铝也可以不出现夕线石;但是夕线石化过程往往是Al2O3相对增加的过程,这些认识对于夕线石片麻岩成岩环境的确定和原岩建造的重建都具有重要意义。     

论岩石对三向压缩的响应

将Ｐｏｙｎｔｉｎｇ－Ｔｈｏｍｓｏｎ模型视为适用于岩石的本构关系,并由此推导出,以体积应力Σ和体积应变Θ表示的,岩石在三向压缩下的流变方程。就Σ·恒定、Θ·恒定、Σ恒定、Θ恒定４种情形对该方程进行论证并求解,结果是：对于前两种情形,岩石的响应属纯弹性型,而且由此推演出来的Σ—Θ关系,与经典弹性力学的结果完全一致。至于后两种情形,响应属粘弹性型,分别显示蠕变和应力松弛现象     

岩石材料冲击压缩特性细观模拟方法研究

岩石材料的细观特性对宏观力学性能有着重要影响。为了分析岩石材料颗粒形态、孔隙和含水等细观特性对宏观冲击响应行为的影响规律,从岩石材料的细观特性入手,结合材料细观结构照片,经制图软件矢量化和轮廓处理,建立了能够反映材料细观分布特性的岩石材料有限元模型。基于AUTODYN有限元计算软件,对岩石材料冲击压缩细观行为进行数值模拟,获取材料颗粒形态、孔隙和含水等细观特性对材料宏观冲击压缩特性的影响规律。确定岩石材料冲击Hugoniot参数,应用于冲击开坑仿真中,并与已有的试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:数值仿真结果与已有试验数据吻合较好;孔隙率和含水率对岩石材料冲击波衰减规律有十分显著的影响;细观模拟确定的Hugoniot参数运用到岩石材料宏观动力学行为数值模拟中,可有效反映岩石材料中颗粒、孔隙和含水等细观特性对冲击开坑行为的影响规律。     

岩石力学性质的应变率效应试验

以玄武岩为试样,开展了中低应变率下的岩石单轴抗压试验。本次研究分析应变率对岩石抗压强度、弹性模量、泊松比等力学参数的影响,分别提出了岩石抗压强度、弹性模量、泊松比等参数与应变率之间的拟合关系式。以峰值应力对应的应变和峰值后的软化模量为脆性评价指标,分析加载应变率对岩石脆性的影响。研究表明:(1)岩石抗压强度、弹性模量均随应变率的增加而增加。(2)岩石泊松比随应变率增加而减小。(3)随着应变率增加大,峰值应力对应的应变增大,峰值后的应变软化程度减小,岩石脆性减弱。(4)应变率对岩石抗压强度影响较大,对弹性模量和泊松比的影响较小。(5)曲线拟合效果良好,提出的拟合关系式合理。     

地质学中比数据间真假相关的检验方法

研究比数据和比数据之间的相关关系,对岩矿和地球化学工作者,具有重要的理论和实际意义.比数据与定和变量具有一些特殊的统计性质,而且标准的统计检验理论对它们又不适用,因此用什么理论来解决这种问题,应该引起我国学术界的注意. 在地质学中有大量的比数据与定和变量,而且这二者往往交织在一起.例如,矿物、岩石的化学全分析资料就是用氧化物的百分比表示的,它们的总和为100%,即为一个固定常数.沉积岩石学中的粒度分析也采用百分比的表示方法.我们知道比数据不     

花岗岩破裂过程声发射关键信号时频特征试验研究

开展花岗岩单轴压缩试验,利用决策树模型,构建岩石破裂过程关键声发射信号的提取方法,并通过选取特征参数将提取的关键信号分类,分析各类关键声发射信号的时频参数特征,进一步探讨各类信号所对应的岩石破裂机制。研究结果表明,基于决策树模型建立的岩石破裂关键声发射信号提取方法,能够有效提取岩石破裂过程中影响整体结构稳定性的关键破裂事件对应的声发射信号,准确率在90%以上。根据关键信号特征提取规则将信号分成A、B、C、D 4类,A类信号对应岩石在宏观破裂时产生的开裂、扩展型破裂;B类信号为岩石临近破裂与峰后阶段出现的大量小尺度开裂、扩展型破裂;C类信号对应岩石宏观破裂前产生的剪切滑移型破裂;D类信号对应岩石整体破坏后产生的小尺度张剪复合型破裂。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861