The Hydrolyzation of Collagen by Fucoidan Oligosaccharide''s Complex with CeⅣ

Fucoidan is such a polysaccharide that its hydroxies are easy to combine with lanthanons ion (CeⅣ) to form complex. This work obtained the complexes of three fucoidan oligosaccharides with different molecular weights F1( ＞5 000), F2(1 000-5 000) and F3( ＜ 1 000) by hydrolyzing Oligosaccharide collagen with sulfuric acid. It is found that the fucoidan oligosaccharide F3 can form complex with more CeⅣ than F1 and F2. Hydrolyzing collagen with the complex was carried out to produce amino acid and peptides. All the three fucoidan oligosaccharide complexes with CeⅣ( F1, F2, F3) can catalyze by the artificial hydrolytic enzyme, and the activity of the complex of F3 is the highest.     

EFFECTS OF COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF ALGINATES ON ADSORPTION OF DIVALENT METALS

Results of a series of experiments(on the adsorption of divalent metal ions by dried alginic acid, Na and Ca alginates of different composition and block structure) conducted in this systematic study of the effects of the composition and structure of alginates on the static adsorption equilibrium of divalent metal ions indicate that the properties of alginate adsorption to divalent metal ions are highly different, depending not only on the cations used, but also on the form and structure of the alginates. There is close correlation between the adsorption properties and the structure of the alginates. The selectivity coefficient of Na alginate for Cd-Sr ion exchange tends to increase with the increase of the M/G ratio in alginate, whereas the adsorption capacity of Ca alginate for Cu~(2+) ion decrease with the increase of the G-block or the average length of the G-block ((?)_G) and the total adsorption capacity of alginic acid is found to vary in the same order as the F_(MM)(diad frequency) in alginate in     

Effects of composition and structure of alginates on adsorption of divalent metals

Results of a series of experiments (on the adsorption of divalent metal ions by dried alginic acid, Na and Ca alginates of different composition and block structure) conducted in this systematic study of the effects of the composition and structure of alginates on the static adsorption equilibrium of divalent metal ions indicate that the properties of alginate adsorption to divalent metal ions are highly different, depending not only on the cations used, but also on the form and structure of the alginates. There is close correlation between the adsorption properties and the structure of the alginates. The selectivity coefficient of Na alginate for Cd-Sr ion exchange tends to increase with the increase of theM/G ratio in alginate, whereas the adsorption capacity of Ca alginate for Cu²⁺ ion decrease with the increase of the G-block or the average length of the G-block and the total adsorption capacity of alginic acid is found to vary in the same order as theF _MM(diad frequency) in alginate in the mixed solution of Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺ and Cd²⁺. Contribution No. 2166 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

The Antioxidant Effects of Complexes of Tilapia Fish Skin Collagen and Different Marme Oligosaccharides

An excess of reactive oxygen species(ROS)leads to a variety of chronic health problems.As potent antioxidants,marine bioactive extracts containing oligosaccharides and peptides have been extensively studied.Recently,there is a growing interest in protein-polysaccharide complexes because of their potential uses in pharmaceutical and food industries.However,only few studies are available on the antioxidant activities of such complexes,in terms of their ROS scavenging capability.In this study,we combined and superoxide radicals,and to evaluate the influences on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and the level of malondialdehyde(MDA)in UV-induced photoaging models.The results indicated that the antioxidant activities of all the complexes were stronger than those of their individual components.Among the 11 complexes tested,two complexes,namely MA1000+CP and κ-ca3000+CP,turned out to be highly effective antioxidants.Although the detailed mechanisms of this improved scavenging ability are not fully understood,this work provides insights into the design of highly efficient peptide-oligosaccharide complexes for potential applications in pharmaceutical,cosmetics and food industries.     

The antioxidant effects of complexes of tilapia fish skin collagen and different marine oligosaccharides

An excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to a variety of chronic health problems.As potent antioxidants, marine bioactive extracts containing oligosaccharides and peptides have been extensively studied.Recently, there is a growing interest in protein-polysaccharide complexes because of their potential uses in pharmaceutical and food industries.However, only few studies are available on the antioxidant activities of such complexes, in terms of their ROS scavenging capability.In this study, we combined different marine oligosaccharides (isolated and purified) with collagen peptides derived from tilapia fish skin, and evaluated the an-tioxidant activity of the marine peptide-oligosaccharide complexes vis-à-vis the activity of their original component molecules.Bio-chemical and cellular assays were performed to measure the scavenging effects on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, and to evaluate the influences on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in UV-induced photoaging models.The results indicated that the antioxidant activities of all the complexes were stronger than those of their individual components.Among the 11 complexes tested, two complexes, namely MA1000+CP and κ-ca3000+CP, turned out to be highly effective antioxidants.Although the detailed mechanisms of this improved scavenging ability are not fully understood, this work provides insights into the design of highly efficient peptide-oligosaccharide complexes for potential applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries.     

口蹄疫病毒VP1植物表达载体的构建

P1 T重组质粒上含有口蹄疫病毒 (FMDV)GD10分离株的p1cDNA片段 ,以此为模板 ,用PCR方法扩增其中的VP1基因 ,获得大小约 6 40bp的片段。该片段用BglⅡ和BstEⅡ酶切消化后克隆至表达载体 pCAMBIA130 5 .2 ,转化EcoliTOP10感受态细胞。重组质粒经PCR、酶切及序列分析 ,证实VP1基因处于CaMV35S启动子控制 ,且读码框正确     

Preparation of pure gum raw materials-low brown algae application

Octenylsuccinate starch ester, also called pure gum, is non-toxic and odourless modified starch which is widely used in many food fields. This study synthesized pure gum in a reaction kettle using the low molecular weight trehalose and octenyl succinic acid. An orthogonal test was carried out to find how the reaction factors affect the synthetization of octenylsuccinic acid polysaccharide ester and to optimize the reaction at single factor level. The optimal products were obtained using 1:2 of octenylsuccinic acid:alginic acid, catalysed by 0.1% p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst for 1.5 h at 200℃ under vacuum conditions.The gained product contains up to 46% of seaweed gel monoesters. The degree of esterification of the polysaccharide is controlled by the use of the small-molecule trehalose. Compared with the traditional methods, our process can reduce raw material cost and improve emulsification stability of pure gum. These all can significantly improve the market competitiveness of pure gum products.     

The apparent copper complexing capacity of seawater and the interaction of copper with humic matter

The anodic stripping voltammetry with physically-coating mercury film electrode was used to investigate the complexing action of trace heavy metals in seawater with organic ligands. The apparent copper complexing capacity of seawater was determined by titrating the organic ligands in natural seawater with standard ionic copper solution. The complexing actions of copper in seawater with humic acid (HA) or fulvic acid (FA) were investigated by titrating copper in seawater with HA or FA solution. The equilibrium time, electrodeposition potential, and effect of pH etc. were investigated respectively. The results show that the interaction of copper in seawater with organic matter is a fast process. At natural pH, HA or FA tend to act with copper in seawater to form nonlabile complexes. During experimental electrode process, these complexes did not significantly dissociate. The experimental results were calculated according to 1∶1 complex formation.     

Isolation of Protoplasts from Undaria pinnatifida by Alginate Lyase Digestion

1　Introduction　Protoplastsserveasabasicandversatiletoolforge neticengineeringandbiochemicalresearchforseveralreasons :theymayregeneratetheirwallsandprovideamodelsystemforstudyingwallbiogenesis ,theirlysisprovidesagentlemeansofpreparingsubcellularor ganelles ,andthemembraneexpositionallowsgeneticmanipulationsinvolvingfusionoruptakeofnucleicacidstobepossible .Theseadvantagesarelessachiev ablewhenusingintactcells (Liciaetal.,1999) .Incomparisonwithlandplantsandunicellularalgae ,on lylimitedrepo…     

Geochemistry of re and trace elements in ferromanganese nodules and their genesis

Trace and RE element geochemistry and genesis have been studied with respect to ferromanganese nodules from the sediments of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans.     

Isolation of protoplasts from <Emphasis Type="Italic">undaria pinnatifida</Emphasis> by alginate lyase digestion

The aim of this study is to isolate protoplasts from Undaria pinnatifida. Protoplasts of the alga were isolated enzymatically by using alginate lyase, which was prepared by fermenting culture of a strain Vibrio sp. 510. Monofacterial method was applied for optimizing digestion condition. The optimum condition for protoplast preparation is enzymatic digestion at 28°C for 2h using alginate lyase at the concentration of 213.36 U (8 mL) every 0.5g fresh thalline with NaCl 50 and at the shaking speed of 150 r min⁻¹ during digestion. The protoplast yield can reach 2.62±0.09 million per 0.5 g fresh leave under the optimum condition. The enzyme activity is inhibited by Ca²⁺ and slightly enhanced by Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ at concentrations of 0.05, 0.08 and 0.10 mol L⁻¹.     

泰安市城区岩溶地下水水化学特征及成因分析

岩溶地下水是泰安市城区重要供水水源,近年来随着气候环境变化和人为活动的影响,岩溶地下水水化学特征日趋复杂,但其水化学特征及成因尚不明晰。为识别研究区地下水水化学特征、成因机制,本文采用数理统计方法、离子比值、水化学图解等方法,研究了该区岩溶地下水的水文地球化学特征。结果表明：研究区内岩溶地下水水化学类型主要为HCO3Ca型、HCO3·SO4Ca 型、HCO3·SO4·ClCa型。地下水水化学成分主要受水岩相互作用控制,以溶滤作用为主,地下水中的Ca2+、Na+、HCO-3、SO2-4主要来源于方解石、白云石的碳酸盐岩及石膏、盐岩等蒸发岩的溶解,且存在逆向的阳离子交替吸附作用,导致Ca2+含量增加,Na+含量减少,人为活动影响导致地下水中Cl-、NO-3浓度增加。研究成果为研究区内岩溶地下水的合理开发与保护提供了依据。     

The Hydrolyzation of Collagen by Fucoidan Olisosaccharide's Complex with Ce~(IV)

Fucoidan is such a polysaccharide that its hydroxies are easy to combine with lanthanons ion (CeIV) to form complex. This work obtained the complexes of three fucoidan oligosaccharides with different molecular weights F1(>5000), F2 (1000-5000) and F3(<1000) by hydrolyzing Oligosaccharide collagen with sulfuric acid. It is found that the fucoidan oligosaccharide F3 can form complex with more CeIV than F1 and F2. Hydrolyzing collagen with the complex was carried out to produce amino acid and peptides. All the three fucoidan oligosaccharide complexes with CeIV( F1, F2, F3) can catalyze by the artificial hydrolytic enzyme, and the activity of the complex of F3 is the highest.     

Hydrolysis Activities of the Particle of Agarose-Ce4 + Complex for Compounds Containing Phosphodiester or Peptide Bonds

1 IntroductionRare earth elements (REE) have smaller ion radii,higher electric charge and ion potential energy thanother transitional elements; REE are excellent Louisacid, because they can provide twelve positive chargesto other compounds. Under the nearly neutral condi-tion, REE can form a great deal of steady gelatinousREE deposit so as to reduce the solvency of REE. Inrecent years, many scholars have studied REE com-plexes, such as the complexes of REE and amino acidor its ramific…     

Distribution and expression in vitro and in vivo of DNA vaccine against lymphocystis disease virus in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Lymphocystis disease, caused by the lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV), is a significant worldwide problem in fish industry causing substantial economic losses. In this study, we aimed to develop the DNA vaccine against LCDV, using DNA vaccination technology. We evaluated plasmid pEGFP-N2-LCDV1.3 kb as a DNA vaccine candidate. The plasmid DNA was transiently expressed after liposome transfection into the eukaryotic COS 7 cell line. The distribution and expression of the DNA vaccine (pEGFP-N2-LCDV1.3kb) were also analyzed in tissues of the vaccinated Japanese flounder by PCR, RT-PCR and fluorescent microscopy. Results from PCR analysis indicated that the vaccine-containing plasmids were distributed in injected muscle, the muscle opposite the injection site, the hind intestine, gill, spleen, head, kidney and liver, 6 and 25 days after vaccination. The vaccine plasmids disappeared 100 d post-vaccination. Fluorescent microscopy revealed green fluorescence in the injected muscle, the muscle opposite the injection site, the hind intestine, gill, spleen, head, kidney and liver of fish 48 h post-vaccination, green fluorescence did not appear in the control treated tissue. Green fluorescence became weak at 60 days post-vaccination. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the mcp gene was expressed in all tested tissues of vaccinated fish 6–50 days post-vaccination. These results demonstrate that the antigen encoded by the DNA vaccine is distributed and expressed in all of the tissues analyzed in the vaccinated fish. The antigen would therefore potentially initiate a specific immune response. the plasmid DNA was injected into Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) intramuscularly and antibodies against LCDV were evaluated. The results indicate that the plasmid encoded DNA vaccine could induce an immune response to LCDV and would therefore offer immune protection against LCD. Further studies are required for the development and application of this promising DNA vaccine.     

Isolation and Biochemical Characteristics Analyses of Phenoloxidases (POs) in Three Cultured Mollusk Species

Phenoloxidases(POs)are a group of copper proteins including tyrosinase,catecholase and laccase,which play crucial roles in the innate immune response of mollusks.In this research,POs were studied in cultured mollusk species,including scallop Chla-mys farreri,abalone Haliotis discus hannai and clam Scapharca subcrenata.The POs were isolated from hemocytes using linear-gradient native-PAGE combined with catechol staining.The PO activities and their characters were investigated.The molecular mass of PO in C.farreri was 576 kDa,and it was 228 kDa in H.discus hannai.In S.subcrenata,four POs were detected and their mole-cular masses were 391 kDa,206 kDa,174 kDa and<67 kDa,which were named as 391-PO,206-PO,174-PO and s-PO,respectively.Ki-netic analyses indicated that all of the POs,except for 391-PO had higher affinity to L-DOPA and catechol than to hydroquinone and dopamine.However,all of the POs failed to oxidize tyrosine.The effects of divalent metal ions on POs’activities were assayed,in-cluding Fe²⁺,Mg²⁺,Zn²⁺,Mn²⁺,Cu²⁺and Ca²⁺from FeCl₂,MgSO₄,ZnSO₄,MnCl₂,CuSO₄and CaCl₂.The POs were inhibited by Fe²⁺at all determined concentrations.Additionally,the inhibition assay showed that all of the POs were inhibited by cysteine,ascorbic acid,sodium sulfite,citric acid,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium(EDTA)and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate(DETC).The inhibition effects of critric acid and EDTA are dose-dependent.H.discus hannai PO and 391-PO were slightly inhibited by sodium azide,and H.discus hannai PO,391-PO and 174-PO were slightly inhibited by thiourea.In conclusion,the POs in the three cultured mollusks are copper-containing laccase-type phenoloxidases with similar biochemical characteristics even though their molecular masses are different.     

络合剂对显色反应体系的增敏研究

本文研究了在非离子表面活性剂存在下,络合剂对三苯甲烷酸性染料与金属离子显色反应的增敏效应。实验表明,在Triton x—305存在下,各种络合剂(磷酸二氢钾、苦杏仁酸、钛铁试剂、盐酸羟胺、抗坏血酸等)对三苯甲烷酸性染料(二甲酚橙、溴邻苯三酚红、铬天青S等,其中以铬天青S为主)与金属离子显色体系有增敏、加快显色速度和增强有色络合物的稳定性,对一些干扰离子有一定的掩蔽作用。文章指出显色体系增敏效应的大小因显色体系的不同而异,络合剂掩蔽干扰离子的范围因体系本身的性质而定,虽能提高显色体系的选择性,改善实验条件,但没有规律性,有待进一步研究与应用。     

基于热力图数据的杭州商业综合体活力影响因素分析

为了防止商业综合体建设过剩,形成商业综合体之间的恶性竞争。本文基于微信易出行插件里面的城市热力图数据,以杭州市5个商业综合体为例,获取可以量化的热力值数据,对不同类型的商业综合体活力影响因素进行对比分析研究。研究发现：① 城市商业综合体布局密度、周边用地用途、销售模式、内部功能布局以及内部空间活力5个要素对商业综合体活力的影响最明显;② 商业综合体的高密度布局对其活力存在抑制作用,通过对比各个服务半径内的商业综合体的活力变化,发现商业综合体合理的服务半径应该大于1.0 km。商业综合体周边的居住用地、广场和公园用地对其活力具有增强作用,办公用地对商业综合体活力的影响较弱;③ 针对不同消费对象制定的不同销售模式,也会对商业综合体活力变化产生显著影响;④ 在公共活动空间相对缺乏的区域内,以零售为主且兼具城市公共活动空间的商业综合体比以主力店为主的商业综合体的活力更高,空间利用率越高的商业综合体活力也越高,商业综合体承担部分城市公共活动空间的职能对商业综合体的活力起到了提升作用。     

Distribution and expression in vitro and in vivo of DNA vaccine against lymphocystis disease virus in Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)

Lymphocystis disease,caused by the lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV),is a significant worldwide problem in fish industry causing substantial economic losses.In this study,we aimed to develop the DNA vaccine against LCDV,using DNA vaccination technology.We evaluated plasmid pEGFP-N2-LCDV1.3 kb as a DNA vaccine candidate.The plasmid DNA was transiently expressed after liposome transfection into the eukaryotic COS 7 cell line.The distribution and expression of the DNA vaccine (pEGFP-N2-LCDV1.3kb) were also ana...     

Hydrolysis Activities of the Particle of Agarose-Ce^4＋ Complex for Compounds Containing Phosphodiester or Peptide Bonds

Hydrolysis activities of PACC （particle of agarose-Ce^4＋ complex, newly made through double emulsification） for compounds containing phosphodiester or peptide bonds were studied. The results showed that PACC could hydrolyze organophosphorous pesticides not only in water but also in vegetable juice or tea extract. Hydrolysis rates of methamidophos, omethoateand chlorpyrifos in water are 32.39%, 27.12% and 46.62% respectively, those of chlorpyrifos and methamidophos in mung sprout juice 38.28% and 35.45% respectively, and that of chlorpyrifos in tea extract 59.76%. Hydrolysis rates of BSA （bovine serum albumin） in water and protein in tea extract by PACC increase by 54.30% and 86.46% respectively as compared with the control.