西北内陆盆地浅层地下水温度场及动态类型:以酒泉东盆地为例

温度是地下水的固有属性,地下水温度场和动态特征是地下水流系统的外在表现。为揭示地下水开采等人类活动影响下西北内陆盆地浅层地下水温度场特征与地下水流系统的关系,基于多点位、长序列、高精度的地下水温度监测数据,在酒泉东盆地开展了地下水温度场及动态特征研究。结果表明：酒泉东盆地浅层地下水温度9.33～20.77℃不等,平均水温为13.54℃,自地下水补给区至排泄区,沿地下水径流方向,浅层地下水温度逐渐升高;循环深度相近的不同地下水流系统对比表明,浅层地下水温度与地下水动力条件呈负相关,地表水入渗补给大、水动力条件强的水流系统地下水平均温度低,入渗补给小、水动力条件弱的地下水平均温度高;浅层地下水温度动态受自然地下水循环和地下水开采等人类活动共同影响,从山前地下水补给区到中游绿洲区再到下游排泄区,浅部地下水温度动态可划分为4种基本类型,依次分别为河流补给型、水温稳定型、开采相关型、正弦波动型。     

地下水循环结构的动力学研究进展

由地下水补给、径流和排泄过程构成的地下水循环运动,是水文循环的重要组成部分,也是水文地质学的基本研究对象。地下水循环在空间上表现为不同结构单元的组合,存在以含水层特性为依据的介质结构和以渗流场为依据的动力结构2种划分方法。地下水流系统是动力结构意义上的地下水循环单元。近10年来,区域地下水流系统理论取得了显著进展,更加全面深入地揭示了地下水循环结构的动力学特性。通过对河间地块地下水流系统的研究,发现潜水面最高点并非地下水分水岭的准确位置。在盆地尺度上,系统研究了沟谷地貌、降水入渗强度、渗透性随埋深变化和盆地厚度等因素对潜水面波形与地下水循环动力结构的影响,初步发现了动力结构的周期性或趋势性演化特征。通过大规模流线路径的精细识别或驻留时间的统计分析,提出了三维地下水循环单元的划分方法。在水文地质效应方面,发现地下水循环的动力结构对地下水年龄的分布有重要影响。地下水循环的动力结构反映了不同补给区和排泄区之间的水力联系,在盆地尺度地球化学过程、流域尺度生态水文过程中发挥着关键作用,未来的研究重点是三维地下水循环的动力特性和演变规律。     

山东泰安大汶口化工集聚区浅层地下水化学特征及成因分析

为查清山东泰安大汶口化工集聚区浅层地下水环境质量状况,采集地下水样品9组,运用统计分析、相关性分析、因子分析、离子比例关系和饱和指数法,查明研究区浅层地下水化学特征,分析地下水中各离子来源及控制因素。结果表明,研究区浅层地下水为淡水—微咸水,TDS介于0.98～2.40g/L;阳离子以Ca2+、Na+为主,占阳离子含量的49.57%、38.56%,阴离子以Cl、HCO3为主,占阴离子含量的52.81%、25.99%;水化学类型以ClCa·Na为主;浅层地下水化学特征主要受岩石溶滤作用、人类活动因素的影响,二者的贡献率均为40%。在人类活动因素中,工业污染的贡献率达到了31%,说明人类活动因素对地下水环境造成了严重影响,且随着时间的推移,影响程度将更为显著。     

攀枝花市大气污染物降水清除机制的研究

本文采用了主成份分析及因子分析的方法,研究了影响降水pH值的主要源及其贡献和这些源被降水清除的机制。分析结果表明:大气中一次污染物是影响降水pH及各种成分浓度的主要因素。人为污染源包括高排放源、低排放源和汽车源,它们的排放物以碱性物质为主;自然污染源包括输送物、腐烂物、自然NOx等,它们的排放物主要是酸性物质;在一般情况下,降水的pH值取决于高、低排放源排放的碱性物质的多寡;降水量越大,清除的污染物越多,在雨季各测点降水平均pH值为6.31～7.10。在高排放源影响小的地方,对持续时间长的大雨,降水后期的pH能反映自然源的影响,其值小于5.60。可见,攀枝花市酸雨几率极低甚至降水呈碱性,     

山东省济南东部某大厦地下车库涌水机理初探

随着城市建设的不断加大,地下空间开发程度越来越深,伴随着基坑的开挖越来越深,城市的扩展不可避免地对地下水的补给、径流、排泄条件产生影响,而水文地质条件的改变又反过来影响制约人类的活动,甚至引发工程安全问题。该文以济南某建设项目为例,通过水文地质勘查、地球物理勘探、水位动态模拟、地下水取样等手段,研究分析近年来该建设项目周边地下水补径排条件的改变对区域地下水位的影响,以及水文地质条件的变化对建设项目工程的制约。结果表明,由于地下工程开挖、大气降水、保泉政策等因素影响,地下构筑物的开挖阻断了唯一的排泄通道,该建设项目周边地下水渗流场发生变化,由此造成项目区周边地下水位大幅上升,超过前期设计的抗浮设防水位,并对地下构筑物产生了破坏。研究结果对周边类似建设项目的选址及地下空间的开挖具有一定的指导意义。     

临沂市城区岩溶地下水流模拟

地下水动力条件变化是导致临沂市城区岩溶塌陷的诱因和动因,通过分析岩溶区地质及水文地质条件,建立了临沂市城区岩溶地下水流数值模型,预测了2007年6月至2019年6月地下水水位时空变化过程。从流场拟合情况看,所建模型拟合效果良好,客观反映了地下水系统演化规律,可以用于岩溶塌陷预警预报,为岩溶塌陷地质灾害防治提供技术依据。     

电厂粉煤灰场氟离子对地下水影响的试验

在总结前人研究的基础上得知,在自然淋溶条件下,氟离子经常超过生活饮用水卫生标准甚至经常超过污水综合排放标准,是粉煤灰中的主要药染因子。通过室内淋溶试验模拟大气降水对粉煤灰的淋溶过程,以氟离子为模拟因子分析淋溶液对土壤和浅层地下水水质的影响,模拟试验结果表明：不同土层对氟离子都有不同程度的吸附能力;位于不同地层的干灰场对地下水影响不同,并且在干灰场底部增加黏土作为防渗层,可有效缓解其对地下水的污染。     

济南西部地区地下水水化学特征及演变机理浅析

对济南市济西水源地一个水文年地下水水化学特征进行研究发现:补给区→径流区→排泄区地下水水化学类型演化过程为SO_4·HCO_3-Ca型→HCO_3·SO_4-Ca型与HCO_3-Ca型→HCO_3-Ca型。形成地下水水化学类型这一转变的原因为从补给区到径流区岩性变化的结果。地下水水化学演变机理研究认为,岩石风化及溶解作用是形成研究区独特地下水水化学演化规律的主导自然因素。     

山西大同盆地地下水化学场特征及其演化问题浅析

通过对山西大同盆地内236个孔隙水样的检测分析并与以往水样分析结果对比研究,并结合盆地地下水系统的分布与演化格局,对盆地地下水化学场及其演化问题做出初步分析。研究发现盆地孔隙水的水化学特征作为盆地孔隙水系统的重要属性,受到地形地貌、地层岩性、沉积环境、地质构造以及水文气象等多种因素的影响,其空间变化表现出极强的水平分带变化规律性。     

焉耆盆地开都河北岸潜水水化学演化规律

地下水化学演化特征研究对受人类干扰严重、生态系统脆弱的干旱地区地下水资源开发具有重要意义。以焉耆盆地开
都河北岸灌区作为研究对象,利用该地区不同时期292组潜水水化学数据,在沉积环境分区基础上研究该地区潜水水化学的时空
演化规律,探讨其原因。结果表明,研究区潜水水化学在时间和空间上存在明显的演化特征,即随着时间的推移,研究区潜水向淡
化方向演化,低矿化度的HCO3 与HCO3-SO4 型水分布范围增加;空间上,各时期潜水水化学组分从开都河上游到下游变化程度
逐渐增大。研究区水化学时空演化特征的形成与其干旱气候密不可分,但半世纪以来人类引水灌溉、农渠排水和地下水开采是导
致潜水水化学演化的主要驱动力。      

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Relationship of Arctic sea ice and Northern Hemispheric 500 hPa Polar vortices

Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly 500 hPa height data on a 2.5 latitude-longitude grid and 1°×1° sea ice data,the polar vortex area,intensity index and arctic sea ice area index are calculated respectively,and the meridional distribution,period variation and the abrupts in the long range trend are analyzed to study their relationship.The results show that the meridional distribution of sea ice and polar vortex h-ave distinctive difference,the relative positions of them are different in the eastern and western hemispheres,and exept they have periods of 4 months,quasi half year,quasi year,4-5 years and 10 years commonly,and each of them has its own respective variation as well.The sea ice area is decreasing apparently since 1980's,so is the polar vortex area,but their abrupt changge time are different totally.The area of sea ice and polar vortex has prominent positive correlation,but the relationship of sea ice intensity,polar vortex intensity,polar vortex area is complicated.     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Author Index for Journal of Mountain Science Volume 11,2014,pp 1-1656

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