CryoSheds: a GIS modeling framework for delineating land-ice watersheds for the Greenland Ice Sheet

Choice of watershed delineation technique is an important source of uncertainty for cryo-hydrologic studies of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), with different methods yielding different watersheds for a common pour point. First, this paper explores this uncertainty for the Akuliarusiarsuup Kuua River Northern Tributary, Western Greenland. Next, a standardized, semi-automated modeling framework for generating land-ice watersheds for GrIS land-terminating ice (henceforth referred to as CryoSheds) using geographic information systems (GIS) hydrologic modeling tools is presented. The framework uses ArcGIS and the ArcPy geoprocessing library to delineate two types of land-ice watersheds, namely those defined by: (1) a hydraulic pressure potential with varying water to ice overburden pressure ratios (k-value), which determines theoretical flow paths from the hydrostatic equation, using surface and bedrock digital elevation models (DEMs) and (2) a surface topography DEM alone. Lastly, a demonstration of the CryoSheds method is presented for seven remotely sensed proglacial pour points along the Aussivigssuit River (AR), Western Greenland, and its largest tributaries. GrIS meltwater runoff from these seven nested land-ice watersheds is estimated using Modele Atmospherique Regional (MAR) v.3.2 and runoff uncertainties due to watershed delineation parameter selection is estimated.     

利用CryoSat-2测高数据研究东南极PANDA断面考察沿线高程变化

卫星测高技术是研究两极冰面高程变化和物质平衡状态的主要手段。相对于传统高度计,CryoSat-2不仅能够提供更加密集的轨道覆盖,同时也提高了南极边缘地区的测量精度。但369 d的重访周期也使得传统的基于交叉轨道算法的时序分析不再适用,通过对CryoSat-2轨迹特征的分析,提出了基于近重复轨道的冰面高程变化模型。针对CryoSat-2数据预处理,采用基于地表模型的粗差剔除方法进行了粗差剔除,并基于EnviSat与CryoSat-2的协同分析,对CryoSat-2中的后向散射能量进行了系统变化趋势改正。利用2012-01~2014-05的CryoSat-2数据,对东南极PANDA断面考察沿线冰面高程变化进行了研究。实验结果表明,整个考察沿线高程变化趋势为0.017±0.009 m/a。该结论与其他学者提取相应流域的平均积累率相一致。但其分布不均匀,局部效应明显。通过与考察线路实测结果对比,两者在相对积累特征上基本一致。     

利用GRACE时变位模型研究南极冰盖质量变化

对CNES/GRGS和UTCSR GRACE Level-2产品重力位模型的J2项时间序列进行了主成分分析和比较,结果表明,CNES/GRGSJ2项具有更好的季节性变化特征,利用CNES/GRGS GRACE Level-2产品推求了南极地区冰盖质量变化速率,并对西南极和东南极冰盖质量变化进行了主成分分析,获取了其周年项振幅和相位。分析表明,南极地区冰盖质量变化呈现出明显的地区不平衡性和季节性变化特征,西南极冰盖存在有较强的减少趋势,利用主成分重构和调谐分析方法获得的西南极和东南极冰盖质量变化的周年项振幅分别为2.4 cm和1.3 cm等效冰高。