国产高分辨率遥感数据在城市森林资源监测中的应用

为了满足城市森林资源精细化管理的需求,需要不断拓展国产高分辨率遥感卫星数据的应用范围。本文对国产高分辨率遥感卫星数据进行真实性检验并分析其数据特性,在此基础上开展基于国产高分辨率遥感卫星数据的城市森林资源监测的应用研究,并开发了相应的软件系统,对实现城市森林资源的自动化监测具有较高的实用价值和研究意义。     

结合尺度空间的面向对象高分辨率影像城市道路提取

基于遥感影像的城市道路提取对于城市建设、规划和地图更新等有重要意义。针对高分辨率遥感影像城市道路网的复杂性,结合尺度空间思想提出一种面向对象的城市道路自动提取算法。在此基础上,使用Canny算子获取像元簇梯度图,并进行标记分水岭分割得到区域对象;建立城市道路与几何、光谱特征相关的道路规则,从分割结果中筛选出道路区域对象;使用形态学方法提取道路区域的骨架,并对骨架进行连接、光滑等后处理,最后输出道路网提取结果。实验结果表明,该方法用于复杂城市道路的高精度自动提取,对城市道路网更新有一定参考意义。     

Generic rule-sets for automated detection of urban tree species from very high-resolution satellite data

The sustainable management and monitoring of urban forests is an important activity in the urbanized world, and operational approaches require information about the status of urban trees to determine the best strategy. One limitation in urban forest studies is the detection and discrimination of tree species using limited training data. Thus, this study focuses on developing generic rule sets from high-resolution WorldView-2 imagery in conjunction with spectral, spatial, colour and textural information for automated urban tree species detection. The object-based image analysis and its combination with statistical analysis of object features is utilized for this purpose. Results of attribute selection indicated that from 55 attributes, only 26 were useful to discriminate urban tree species, namely Messua ferrea L., Samanea saman and Casuarina sumatrana. Finally, the high overall accuracy, approximately 86.87% with kappa of 0.75 confirmed the transferability of the generic model.     

Development of a modified neural network-based land cover classification system using automated data selector and multiresolution remotely sensed data

Integrating multiple images with artificial neural networks (ANN) improves classification accuracy. ANN performance is sensitive to training datasets. Complexity and errors compound when merging multiple data, pointing to needs for new techniques. Kohonen's self-organizing mapping (KSOM) neural network was adapted as an automated data selector (ADS) to replace manual training data processes. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) network was then trained using automatically extracted datasets and used for classification. Two hypotheses were tested: ADS adapted from the KSOM network provides adequate and reliable training datasets, improving MLP classification performance; and fusion of Landsat thematic mapper (TM) and SPOT images using the modified ANN approach increases accuracy. ADS adapted from the KSOM network improved training data quality and increased classification accuracy and efficiency. Fusion of compatible multiple data can improve performance if appropriate training datasets are collected. This proved to be a viable classification scheme particularly where acquiring sufficient and reliable training datasets is difficult.     

Monitoring land surface and cover in urban and peri-urban environments using digital aerial photography

This paper describes the development of a system for decimetre-scale monitoring of land-surface and land-cover in urban and peri-urban environments. We describe our methodology that comprises the application of highly automated processing and analysis methods to digital aerial photography. The approach described in this paper addresses a monitoring need by providing the ability to generate change information at a spatial resolution suitable for urban, peri-urban and coastal areas, where an increasing percentage of the worlds’ population dwells. These areas are dynamic, with many environmental issues associated with planning, service provision, resource management and allocation, as well as monitoring regulatory compliance. We present a system based on standardised data and methods, which is able to track and communicate changes in features of interest in a way that has not been previously possible. We describe the methodology and then demonstrate its feasibility by applying it to geographic areas of planning and policy relevant size (the order of tens of thousands of square kilometres). We demonstrate the approach by applying it to the problem of urban forest assessment.     

多源遥感影像融合在哈大齐土地利用分类中的应用

随着遥感技术的发展,同一区域的多源遥感影像数据越来越丰富。以哈大齐为例,利用ETM+和SPOT-5数据探讨不同遥感信息融合在土地利用过程中的处理方法,比较不同融合算法在土地分类中的差异,并进行定性和定量比较。为有关部门进行土地规划、管理提供科学依据有着十分重要的意义。     

An adaptive unimodal subclass decomposition (AUSD) learning system for land use and land cover classification using high-resolution remote sensing

Land use and land cover classification is an important application of remote-sensing images. The performances of most classification models are largely limited by the incompleteness of the calibration set and the complexity of spectral features. It is difficult for models to realize continuous learning when the study area is transferred or enlarged. This paper proposed an adaptive unimodal subclass decomposition (AUSD) learning system, which comprises two-level iterative learning controls: The inner loop separates each class into several unimodal Gaussian subclasses; the outer loop utilizes transfer learning to extend the model to adapt to supplementary calibration set collected from enlarged study areas. The proposed model can be efficiently adjusted according to the variability of spectral signatures caused by the increasingly high-resolution imagery. The classification result can be obtained using the Gaussian mixture model by Bayesian decision theory. This AUSD learning system was validated using simulated data with the Gaussian distribution and multi-area SPOT-5 high-resolution images with 2.5-m resolution. The experimental results on numerical data demonstrated the ability of continuous learning. The proposed method achieved an overall accuracy of over 90% in all the experiments, validating the effectiveness as well as its superiority over several widely used classification methods.     

利用车载激光扫描的城市森林三维绿量估算

针对城市森林绿量估算研究不足的现状,该文提出了结合高分辨率航空遥感影像和车载激光扫描技术估算城市森林三维绿量的方法:首先从车载激光扫描数据中提取道路两侧单株树的生物物理参数,再结合从航空遥感影像中提取的植被分布,对均质城市森林片区进行三维绿量的拟合计算;最后以上海市滨江森林公园为例进行了方法验证。结果表明,该方法能够拓展车载激光扫描系统应用的领域,为城市绿化信息的获取提供参考。     

Assessment of Nigeriasat-1 satellite data for urban land use/land cover analysis using object-based image analysis in Abuja,Nigeria

This study assesses the usefulness of Nigeriasat-1 satellite data for urban land cover analysis by comparing it with Landsat and SPOT data. The data-sets for Abuja were classified with pixel- and object-based methods. While the pixel-based method was classified with the spectral properties of the images, the object-based approach included an extra layer of land use cadastre data. The classification accuracy results for OBIA show that Landsat 7 ETM, Nigeriasat-1 SLIM and SPOT 5 HRG had overall accuracies of 92, 89 and 96%, respectively, while the classification accuracy for pixel-based classification were 88% for Landsat 7 ETM, 63% for Nigeriasat-1 SLIM and 89% for SPOT 5 HRG. The results indicate that given the right classification tools, the analysis of Nigeriasat-1 data can be compared with Landsat and SPOT data which are widely used for urban land use and land cover analysis.     

Per-pixel and object-oriented classification methods for mapping urban land cover extraction using SPOT 5 imagery

To have sustainable management and proper decision-making, timely acquisition and analysis of surface features are necessary. Traditional pixel-based analysis is the popular way to extract different categories, but it is not comparable by the achievements that can be achieved through the object-based method that uses the additional characteristics of features in the process of classification. In this paper, three types of classification were used to classify SPOT 5 satellite image in mapping land cover; Support vector machine (SVM) pixel-based, SVM object-based and Decision Tree (DT) pixel-based classification. Normalised Difference Vegetation Index and the brightness value of two infrared bands (NIR and SWIR) were used in manually developed DT classification. The classification of the SVM (pixel based) was generated using the selected groups of pixels that represent the selected features. In addition, the SVM (object based) was implemented by using radial-based function kernel. The classified features were oil palm, rubber, urban area, soil, water and other vegetation. The study found that the overall classification of the DT was the lowest at 69.87% while those of SVM (pixel based) and SVM (object based) were 76.67 and 81.25%, respectively.     

赣榆县城镇用地扩展时空特征分析

赣榆县作为东部沿海城市城镇化发展尤为突出.本文选取1987年、2000年和2009年3期Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像作为主要数据源,利用ArcGIS软件数字化功能对城镇建成区进行提取,并将3期提取结果进行叠加分析,通过城镇扩展面积比重、城镇扩展指数、城镇用地扩展强度指数、城市紧凑度指数和城市用地分形维数模型对城镇扩展动态特征进行分析.     

Analysis of urban built-up areas and surface urban heat island using downscaled MODIS derived land surface temperature data

Regional scale urban built-up areas and surface urban heat islands (SUHI) are important for urban planning and policy formation. Owing to coarse spatial resolution (1000 m), it is difficult to use Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land surface temperature (LST) products for mapping urban areas and visualization, and SUHI-related studies. To overcome this problem, the present study downscaled MODIS (1000 m resolution)-derived LST to 250 m resolution to map and visualize the urban areas and identify the basic components of SUHI over 12 districts of Punjab, India. The results are compared through visual interpretation and statistical procedure based on similarity analysis. The increased entropy value in the downscaled LST signifies higher information content. The temperature variation within the built-up and its environs is due to difference in land use and is depicted better in the downscaled LST. The SUHI intensity analysis of four cities (Ludhiana, Patiala, Moga and Vatinda) indicates that mean temperature in urban built-up core is higher (38.87 °C) as compared to suburban (35.85 °C) and rural (32.41 °C) areas. The downscaling techniques demonstrated in this paper enhance the usage of open-source wide swath MODIS LST for continuous monitoring of SUHI and urban area mapping, visualisation and analysis at regional scale. Such initiatives are useful for the scientific community and the decision-makers.