鄂尔多斯盆地延432井区上古生界油气成藏组合及评价

通过油源对比、地层系统、沉积体系、储层特征、盖层特征等基本地质特征的深入研究,对鄂尔多斯盆地延432井区生、储、盖的分布特征及组合方式、上古生界油气藏的分布特征及成藏组合类型进行探讨分析。研究表明:鄂尔多斯盆地延432井区上古生界烃源岩生烃级别为中~好,砂岩储集层基本都属于特低孔渗级别储层,盖层主要为石千峰组上部、石盒子中部和中下部、山西组山1段的3套区域泥岩。成藏组合类型包括三种类型:(1)山西组、太原组、本溪组地层中的源内自储式成藏组合,(2)本溪—太原组源内自储式基本成藏单元,(3)上石盒子组和石千峰组底层中的跨越式下生上储型成藏组合。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部二叠系砂岩碎屑锆石年代学特征及地质意义

陆源碎屑岩物质来源及变化与沉积盆地及构造演化密切相关。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地南部铜川地区晚古生代二叠系山西组、石盒子组及石千峰组砂岩样品岩石薄片鉴定、定量矿物学分析以及碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学分析,结合古流向特征,对物源进行了追溯,并讨论了盆地南部二叠系的构造—沉积过程。研究结果表明,早二叠世山西组碎屑锆石年龄具364 Ma、450 Ma、946Ma和2 446 Ma四个主要峰值;中二叠世下石盒子组碎屑锆石年龄具294 Ma、1 963.4 Ma和2 499 Ma三个主要峰值;晚二叠世石千峰组碎屑锆石年龄主要峰值出现在1 876.5 Ma,缺乏北秦岭造山带的新元古代和早古生代碎屑锆石记录。分析认为山西组主要物源区为北秦岭造山带,次要物源区为华北南缘构造带;石盒子组物源由北秦岭造山带、华北板块南缘构造带和内蒙古隆起西段共同提供;石千峰组物源区为华北南缘构造带。早二叠世山西期,华北南缘隆起幅度较低,不影响北秦岭造山带供源。石盒子期,勉略洋由被动拉张转换为主动挤压,秦岭造山带处于持续隆升状态,并造成了华北南缘构造带的不断抬升。石千峰期华北南缘强烈隆升,在为铜川地区提供物源的同时也阻挡了北秦岭造山带...     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘山西组沉积物源及源区大地构造属性分析

利用碎屑岩骨架组分、含量分布、古水流方向、砂岩岩石学特征、常量与微量元素及沉积构造特征等,对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘二叠纪山西组母岩类型、物源方向及大地构造属性进行了研究。砂岩岩石组分表明,物源主要以再旋回造山带为主,源区主要由花岗岩、浅变质岩及片麻岩类组成。砂岩百分含量图也表明,山西组沉积时的主物源区在盆地以北的阴山地区,南部仅为次物源区。古水流参数也证明物源方向为SSW。另外,沉积岩常量与微量元素分布特征显示,当时该区的大地构造环境为被动大陆边缘环境。因而可推知,二叠世山西组沉积时,鄂尔多斯盆地西缘的沉积以北方物源为主,且可能来自北部的阴山地区和西北方向的阿拉善地块。     

鄂尔多斯盆地山西组沉积环境讨论及其地质启示

鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代经历了巨大的海陆变迁,并发生多次海侵。其中,关于本溪组-太原组的陆表海沉积环境经长期研究已达成广泛共识,而对处于海陆转换关键时期的山西组沉积环境问题至今存在较大争议。鉴此,本文在前人研究基础上,根据地层与古生物、沉积构造、岩性特征、成岩作用等地质依据,结合硼元素法所计算的古盐度、Sr/Ba比值以及硼、镓、铷三元素含量关系等不同地球化学测试分析结果,对早二叠世山西期沉积环境进行了较为深入的研究。认为山西期为陆表海背景下的海陆过渡沉积演化阶段,发育大面积分布的海陆过渡三角洲体系,到下石盒子期才完全进入陆相湖盆的沉积演化阶段。通过盆地山西组东西向与南北向地球化学基干剖面的建立,呈现古盐度和Sr/Ba比值由南向北、自西向东、层位自下而上总体减小的变化趋势,于山1晚期这种差异性基本消失,表明鄂尔多斯盆地山西期由南向北、层位自下而上受海水影响的规模与范围愈来愈弱。在此基础之上,将晚古生代鄂尔多斯盆地划分为3大沉积演化阶段,并建立了该时期盆地的基准面旋回层序地层格架。该成果认识对扩展和深入鄂尔多斯盆地油气勘探具有重要指导意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地保德地区上古生界沉积相与沉积演化特征

山西组与下石盒子组是鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界主要的勘探目的层系,本溪组和太原组发育的煤层是主要的烃源岩,深入研究上古生界沉积相及沉积演化特征对油气勘探具有一定的指导意义。以保德地区扒楼沟剖面露头实测为基础,通过岩性和岩石组合、沉积相分析,建立了不同沉积体系的沉积序列,并进一步探讨了该区上古生界沉积演化过程。结果表明:保德地区上古生界自下而上发育本溪组、太原组、下石盒子组、上石盒子组、石千峰组,识别出障壁海岸、碳酸盐台地、曲流河和辫状河4种沉积相,并建立8种典型的沉积序列;受区域构造演化控制,本溪组与太原组时期发生大规模海侵,山西组至石千峰组时期海水逐渐退出盆地,研究区晚古生代经历了障壁海岸-碳酸盐台地-河流相的沉积演化过程。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部石炭-二叠系沉积相带与砂体展布

鄂尔多斯盆地石炭-二叠系广泛发育潮坪、三角洲、湖泊沉积。中上石炭统本溪组和太原组以潮坪相为主,下二叠统山西组沉积初期以全盆地范围广布三角洲平原沉积为特征,山西组沉积后期到下石盒子组沉积期,南北差异特征明显,北部发育三角洲平原,南部发育三角洲前缘。上二叠统石盒子组和石千峰组发育湖泊沉积。三角洲平原分流河道和三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体在盆地内最为发育,是该区的主体储集砂体。潮坪砂坝和三角洲前缘指状砂坝也是较有利的储集体。其纵向发育和横向展布是今后气田勘探的一个重要研究课题。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部晚古生代物源区分析及其地质意义

从构造演化、古地理变迁、源区母岩性质、陆源碎屑组分标型特征等方面对鄂尔多斯盆地北部晚古生代物源区进行研究发现：区域上的南北隆起、中部坳陷的古地理格局决定了晚古生代鄂尔多斯盆地北部物源主要来自于北缘的阴山古陆，二叠纪呈NNE向自北而南展布的河流三角洲及古流向，反映出陆源碎屑物质主要来自北部古陆，鄂尔多斯盆地内部及其北部的结晶基底以太古界和元古界地层为主，在盆地北部基岩分布及类型具有明显的分区特征并导致了东西部地区砂岩储集体岩性的差异，物源与有利储层的发育密切相关。     

印支期秦岭造山活动对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组沉积特征的影响

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组沉积时区域古构造活动规律、沉积地质背景研究以及延长组沉积特征和沉积相序演化规律分析,重点探讨了延长组沉积特征及沉积环境变化与印支期秦岭造山活动之间的关系,分析了印支期秦岭造山活动对盆地边界性质、盆地内延长组沉积物源、碎屑搬运和沉积机理的影响,以及沉积体系类型及沉积相带展布规律的控制作用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代古构造*

鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代基底继承了奥陶纪中部高、东部和西部低及西陡东缓的古构造面貌。利用大量钻井分层数据,绘制了晚古生代各个时期残存地层厚度图,其空间变化反映了鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代古构造格局特征。结合东西向及南北向地层厚度对比、演化剖面的研究,认为晚古生代鄂尔多斯盆地的沉积在本溪期—太原期主要受中央古隆起的控制,地层空间展布东西分带明显;山西期中央古隆起对沉积作用的控制不是很明显,地层从东西分异逐渐过渡到南北分异,这种沉积格局的转变与古地理演化具有一致性,从而说明了古构造对沉积的控制作用。     

鄂尔多斯地区晚古生代沉积层序地层学与盆地构造演化研究

基于现代沉积学理论和层序地层学思想，在鄂尔多斯地区晚古生代岩相古地理展布及演化特征分析基础上，对该区晚古生代地层进行精确划分、对比和层序地层学研究。进而按其沉积物特征和充填层序特点将这一时期沉积盆地厘定为三种类型,了晚石炭世本溪期至早二叠世早期（太原期）的陆表海盆地及裂陷（坳陷）盆地、早二叠世山西期近海湖盆和中、晚二叠世石盒子期和石千峰期的内陆坳陷盆地，在不同阶段的盆地中，又可划分出若干次级盆地和演化阶段。     

Climate Changes and Cyclic Sedimentation in the Mid-Late Permian: Kennedy Group, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia

Climate has an important direct and indirect influence of sedimentation, and especially on the development of cyclic sedimentation. Climate influences both accommodation and supply, the major controls on the architecture of sedimentary sequences. The Permian paleoclimate is the subject of increasing controversy, giving rise to numerous differing models developed and an expanding database of fossil evidence for climatic conditions.Western Australian basins, in particular the Carnarvon Basin, are unique among nearby Gondwanan basins in that they do not have extensive coal measures within their Permian successions. The Kennedy Group, the uppermost unit in the onshore Carnarvon Basin Permian succession, has a detrital composition indicative of arid weathering conditions. Within the Kennedy Group, even lagoonal and very nearshore sediments are devoid of plant debris or indications of the nearby presence of extensive flora. Presumed surfaces of subaerial exposure do not show paleosol development or root-traces. There has been little development of clay and chemical grain degradation is almost entirely related to diagenetic cementation and dissolution phases, rather than transport and source weathering. Nearby basins, at similar latitudes, in India and East Australia contain coal measures, consistent with the humid climates that are predicted for this latitude. It is suggested therefore that the inferred aridity in the climate of the Carnarvon Basin and other Western Australian Basins is due to local climatic effects, probably related to an interruption in atmospheric circulation caused by tectonic rifting and uplift to the west.Cyclicity in the Kennedy Group indicates regular Late Permian, Milankovitch scale eustatic sea-level change, and may signify the presence of some ice at the poles. The development of cycles may have been enhanced by shifting climate belts controlled by Milankovitch cyclicity.     

The wied: a representative Mediterranean landform

With such a limited area and range of rock type, Malta cannot provide anything approaching a representative sample of the landforms which occur in the Mediterranean Basin. However, few geomorphological features can be considered unique to the Mediterranean, since they are shared either by the more humid temperate climates to the north or the semi-arid regions to the south and east. The wied, a hybrid between the humid temperate and semi-arid climates, might be considered a truly Mediterranean landform and is the predominant feature in Maltese geomorphology.     

青海通天河盆地古、新近纪沉积特征及其意义

通过对青海通天河盆地古、新近纪地层层序、沉积特征、物源区及沉积环境分析,建立其垂向相序,总结出该区具冲积扇相、三角洲相、湖泊相的特点,并得出通天河盆地古、新近纪物源区主要为北部开心岭隆起区的结论。根据石膏、灰岩夹层及粒度特征等环境标志推测:中始新世气候炎热湿润,晚始新世气候炎热干燥,渐新世气候炎热湿润,中中新世气候温暖潮湿;青藏高原的隆升具有阶段性。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘检188井区下侏罗统八道湾组沉积特征及主控因素分析

通过对准噶尔盆地西北缘野外露头剖面和检188井区160多口井的岩石学特征、颜色、结构、沉积构造和古生物沉积相标志的研究,结合测井曲线响应特征,认为该区下侏罗统八道湾组属于湿润型辫状河沉积,发育河道和洪泛平原两个亚相。河道亚相又分为主水道、支水道和心滩3个微相,洪泛平原分为河漫滩、河漫沼泽和溢岸3个微相。测井曲线主要有箱形、钟形、漏斗形、指形和微齿形5种类型。在微相分析基础上编制了八道湾组12个小层的沉积微相平面图,建立了沉积相模式,指出河道呈东南向展布,认为由前陆湖盆边界区的造山运动导致的沉积区基准面变化和潮湿温暖的气候是影响研究区湿润型辫状河形成的主要控制因素。     

草湖地区侏罗系层序地层及沉积体系特征

基于测录井资料对比,结合区域构造演化特征,将草湖凹陷侏罗系划分为两个三级层序J-SQ1与J-SQ2。J-SQ1时期气候温暖潮湿,层序发育完整的上升半旋回和下降半旋回沉积,发育辫状河体系和湖泊体系;J-SQ2时期气候逐渐转为炎热半干旱,层序发育不完整,只发育上升半旋回沉积,主要由氧化型湖泊体系构成,发育滨浅湖砂滩、泥滩互层沉积。其中,J-SQ1早期辫状河河道砂体叠置厚度大,储层物性好,上覆中厚层湖相泥岩沉积,是本区有利的储集层段。     

Tectonic and climatic events controlling deposition in Tanzanian Karoo basins

The depositional megasequence of the Tanzanian Karoo resulted from an intracratonic phase of sedimentation prevailing during the maximum extension of Pangea in Late Palaeozoic and Triassic times. Karoo rocks are contained in a number of basins, extending from northeastern-most Tanzania to Lake Nyasa and beyond into neighbouring countries. The type section of the Tanzanian Karoo is the Songea Group of the Ruhuhu Basin, situated at the NE-shoulder of the Nyasa Rift. The succession, which reaches a thickness of more than 3000 m, is of Late Carboniferous to Mid-Triassic age. It exhibits five distinctive sequences, each commencing with rudaceous sediments and fining up towards the top. A sixth sequence of Middle to Late Triassic age is recognized in the Selous Basin, NE of the Ruhuhu Basin. The climate ranged from cold, semi-arid conditions in the Stephanian and Asselian to generally warm to hot climates, with fluctuating precipitation in the remaining Permian and Triassic. A marked peak in precipitation is evidenced in the Early Triassic. Each of the sedimentary sequences reflects tectonic movements related to the formation of non-volcanic rift systems during the Permian, and to detachment faults and crustal foundering during the Triassic. The intracratonic Karoo rifts were part of the Malagassy Trough, a large chasm emanating from the Tethyan margin of Gondwana in early Permian times. The Karoo rifts were terminated by their transformation to a pericratonic, passive margin in the Early Jurassic.     

Landscape ecological shift at the Permian‐Triassic boundary in Antarctica

Palaeosols across the Permian‐Triassic boundary in Antarctica provide evidence of a marked change in ecosystems at this greatest of all extinctions in the history of life on Earth. The boundary can now be recognised from evidence of carbon isotopic (δ¹³C) stratigraphy, reptiles of the earliest Triassic Lystrosaurus zone, and Late Permian glossopterid fructifications and pollen. The boundary is a profound change in palaeosols, with very different suites of pedotypes in Permian compared with Triassic sequences. Permian palaeosols include coals, rooted lithic sandstones and rooted tuffaceous silt‐stones. Triassic palaeosols in contrast are largely rooted, green‐red‐mottled claystones. These palaeosols represent a shift from Late Permian cold temperate broadleaf deciduous swamp woodlands to Early Triassic cool temperate conifer forests. Indications of more intense weathering during the earliest Triassic confirm a significantly warmer palaeoclimate in the earliest Triassic than in the latest Permian. Palaeoclimate remained humid with low evapotranspiration in both Permian and Triassic, but Triassic ecosystems were more oligotrophic, humus‐poor and more oxidised than Permian ones. Yet both Permian and Triassic palaeosols were unpodzolised, unlike soils today under such climates and vegetation. Palaeosols in Antarctica confirm several peculiarities of the earliest Triassic: (i) a global coal gap; (ii) a high‐latitude greenhouse; and (iii) a Gondwanan tuff gap. Palaeosols support evidence from fossil plants and reptiles and from carbon isotopic studies for a shift toward oligotrophic, low‐productivity ecosystems, dominated by opportunistic and stress‐tolerant organisms in the earliest Triassic. Life was difficult on land as well as in the sea following the terminal Permian mass extinction.     

鄂尔多斯盆地油气地质的古地磁研究

古地磁研究结果表明，鄂尔多斯盆地寒武纪－早中奥陶世位于北纬１４°～２０°的古纬度区内，气候温暖潮湿，其南部和北部边缘的滨浅海相地层中可能富含生物有机质，是寻找该时期油气资源的有利地区；晚奥陶世－早石炭世，它可能经历了大规模的南北向水平构造迁移；晚石炭世－二叠纪，盆地处于北纬２０°左右地区，广泛发育的湖沼相沉积地层是煤成油、气的主要源岩层；三叠纪－侏罗纪，它位于北纬２４°～３１°，干湿交替的气候环境和差异构造旋转作用，为盆地边缘的油气形成和聚集创造了良好条件，因此有希望找到更多的中生代油气资源。     

Identification of Permian palaeowind direction from wave-dominated lacustrine sediments (Lodève Basin, France)

Lacustrine environments are an excellent indicator of continental palaeoclimate. In particular, the sedimentary record of waves in lakes may be used to constrain atmospheric palaeocirculation. Wave ripples have been identified in a Permian lacustrine basin (the Salagou Formation, 260–250 Ma, Lodève Basin) located in the southern French Massif Central, part of the western European Hercynian mountain chain. Wave ripple patterns are interpreted with regards to hydrodynamics and water palaeodepth. It is shown that, in the case of the Salagou Formation, wave ripple orientations were controlled by the direction of the prevailing palaeowind. The Late Permian wind blew from between north and 20° east of north, possibly over several millions of years and certainly throughout the period of deposition of about 2000 m of strata in the Lodève Basin. Permian lacustrine sedimentation is widespread and well preserved on the Earth's surface and so wave ripple data may help constrain numerical modelling of the Earth's past climates, especially with regards to Permian times outside of desert regions.