甘肃北山红石山地区发现早古生代奥陶纪地层

在甘肃北山红石山以北的中蒙边境一带,前人工作成果表明,只出露晚古生代地层,即最老地层为泥盆系雀儿山群。该群为一套富产腕足类、珊瑚等化石的碎屑岩及中—酸性火山岩夹碳酸盐岩沉积。其下部以中—酸性火山熔岩及火山碎屑岩为主,夹钙质砂岩及少许灰岩;上部以砂岩、板岩为     

内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗协和尔斯德中生代火山沉积地层时代研究

内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗协和尔斯德一带出露一套中生代地层,岩石组合主要为酸性火山碎屑岩、火山碎屑沉积岩夹碎屑沉积岩及酸性火山熔岩。1∶50000区调依据在该套地层上部层位发现的木化石组合确定其时代为中—晚侏罗世,结合岩石组合,将该套地层划分为上侏罗统满克头鄂博组。为了准确厘定该套地层时代,为木化石延限研究及区域生物地层划分对比提供依据,本次研究在低于产木化石层位的酸性火山碎屑岩中采取了锆石测年样品(LA-ICP-MS),获得锆石U-Pb年龄(165±1)Ma,时代为中侏罗世。同时采取了侵入该套地层的斑状细晶闪长岩测年样品,获得锆石年龄(131±1)Ma,限定了地层形成的上限年龄。根据岩性组合的区域对比、测年结果、木化石组合时限、地层产状特征,认为该套地层应划为中侏罗统新民组,是突泉火山-沉积盆地充填物的一部分。     

赣东北地区浅变质岩岩石地层单位划分及沉积构造背景分析

赣东北地区浅变质岩地层非常发育,构造十分复杂."九五"期间在此区开展1:5万区域地质调查发现:大致以景德镇-鹅湖断裂以南,塔前-赋春断裂以北,浅变质岩以一套碎屑岩为主夹菱铁矿、碳酸盐和火山碎屑沉积;塔前-赋春断裂以南,香屯-太白寺断裂以北变质岩主要以火山碎屑岩为主夹中基性熔岩、碎屑岩沉积.根据沉积构造环境分析,前者为正常海相沉积,后者为裂谷环境沉积,分别代表两个不同时期、不同构造环境沉积的产物.     

甘肃北山窑洞努如地区窑洞努如岩片地层特征及时代讨论

甘肃北山窑洞努如地区分布着一套浅变质陆源碎屑岩夹火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩、石英岩的组合,前人1:25万马鬃山幅区调报告中命名为窑洞努如岩片,是一个非正式地层单位,时代确定为中晚奥陶世。本文在浅析该岩片的岩石组合、沉积层序及沉积环境的基础上,经同位素测年、微古植物化石等年代学研究,将其时代厘定为晚奥陶世—早志留世,这对研究北山地区早古生代地层及构造演化有重要地质意义。     

吉林省通化市东南部七道沟—老岭一带中生代地层及岩浆活动特征

本文根据近几年在该区区调成果，阐述了本区火山岩系由四个火山旋回组成；秋皮沟一带分布一套以中酸性火山碎屑岩为主，夹少量中性熔岩及火山间歇期正常沉积的秋皮沟火山碎屑岩；南岔—复兴一带存在早白垩世三棵榆树期火山活动。区内原幸福山岩体、头道沟岩体、老岭村岩体均为复式岩体，反映为幸福山序列和头道沟序列岩浆组合特征。     

冀北森吉图—四岔口一带晚中生代地层新认识

本区晚中生代地层,为一套火山碎屑岩及中性熔岩—湖相碎屑岩,沉积总厚度6400m,自下而上划分为上侏罗统茶棚组和花吉营组,下白垩统青石砬组。茶棚组:由凝灰质砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、页岩组成,含丰富叶肢介Nestoria及鱼类Peipiaosteus化石,上部夹安山岩（K—Ar年龄136.2Ma）,本组厚1011m。花吉营组:由碎屑岩及中性熔岩组成五个沉积喷发旋回,在碎屑岩中产热河动物群——Eosestheria—Lycoptera—Ephemeropsis组合,还伴生有双壳类及植物化石;安山岩测定K—Ar法年龄为114.88—101.37Ma,本组总厚4451m。青石砬组:由页岩、粉砂岩、细砂岩等组成,上部夹劣质煤层,产丰富植物、鱼类、昆虫等化石,厚442m。     

浙江省白垩系和第四系中新建立的岩石地层单位

浙江省白垩系由下而上新建立三个岩石地层单位：（１）小平田组以中酸性火山碎屑岩为主，夹中、酸性熔岩及紫红色砂岩，厚度３７０－１１００，测得Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄１０８Ｍａ；时代为早白垩中晚期；（２）两头塘组以紫红色泥岩、粉砂岩为主，局部夹砾岩及流纹质玻屑凝灰岩，厚度１７５－６９０ｍ，与上、下地层均为整合关系，产有恐龙蛋及甲龙等化石，时代属于晚白垩世；（３）赤城山组主要为紫红色砾岩、粉砂岩，偶夹凝灰岩层     

青海南部杂多地区新建扎青组的地层层序及地质意义

在青藏高原北羌塘盆地青海南部,青海省杂多县扎青乡地区的然者涌一带,发现以基性火山熔岩为主夹有中基性火山碎屑岩,具大陆板内裂谷拉斑玄武岩喷发特点的一套火山地层。该地层底部角度不整合接触覆盖在早中二叠世开心岭群诺日巴尕日保组、九十道班组之上,其上被晚三叠世结扎群甲丕拉组角度不整合覆盖。主要岩性为灰绿—灰紫色橄榄玄武岩、粗面玄武岩、玄武粗安岩及流纹岩、中基性火山角砾岩、角砾凝灰岩夹少量流纹岩和紫红色岩屑砂岩及细砾岩,其特征与峨眉山低钛玄武岩相似,具陆相喷发-沉积特征。区域对比在北羌塘地区具有独特地层特征,可与四川峨眉山玄武岩地层进行对比。而区域上该地区晚二叠世主要为一套海陆交互相含煤碎屑岩建造,未发现陆相火山岩出露,本文建立正式地层单位扎青组,以供参考,其时代暂归晚二叠—早三叠世。     

福建石牛山组层型锆石U-Pb年龄及成因机制

晚白垩世石牛山组为东南沿海晚白垩世重要的沉积-火山地层,为一套陆相沉积-火山喷发岩系,其平行不整合于寨下组之上;根据地层层序、接触关系、岩石组合特征、火山活动旋回及岩浆演化规律等,将其进一步划分为2个岩性段,下段为火山碎屑沉积岩,上段为酸性火山碎屑岩夹酸性火山熔岩组合,其构成一个完整的沉积-喷发旋回.对石牛山组上段流纹...     

内蒙古巴彦敖包地区宝力高庙组火山岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

内蒙古东乌旗巴彦敖包一带出露的宝力高庙组地层可划分为三段,可对应于查干敖包剖面二、三、四段。二段为一套杂色中酸性火山熔岩和火山碎屑岩类,火山喷发以喷溢相为主;三段为一套灰黄、灰白色火山-沉积碎屑岩类和陆源沉积岩,含Annularia植物化石,为火山间歇期沉积;四段为一套灰色、浅灰色酸性熔岩夹少量火山-沉积碎屑岩,火山喷发以溢流相为主。四段紫红色含晶屑流纹岩和二段灰黑色流纹岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为(305±4.1)Ma和(315.2±4.6)Ma,结合所含化石确定地层时代为晚石炭晚期—早二叠世早期。宝力高庙组中酸性火山岩为安山质、英安质、流纹质高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列火山岩组合,岩石呈现富硅、碱,贫钙、镁,A/NK值和Fe Ot/Mg O值高,富Rb、Nb,贫过渡族元素,并具有显著的铕负异常,为A2亚类花岗岩类,其可能是幔源岩浆底侵形成的晚古生代新生下地壳物质部分熔融而成,岩浆演化经历了钛铁矿物、铁镁矿物及斜长石分离作用。宝力高庙组中酸性火山岩形成于后碰撞构造背景环境,其特征揭示兴蒙造山带内蒙古东乌旗地区晚石炭世—早二叠世已处于同碰撞-碰撞后阶段,早二叠世已经进入碰撞后伸展阶段。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案（1999/30/EC）,对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10 μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提出了具体测定要求。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.