渭南市冬季极端最低气温状况分析

采用气候分析的方法,全面分析研究近40a渭南市冬季(11月—3月)极端最低气温的区域分布为南高北低,最低值均出现在1月;1月极端最低年代际变化(除个别县外)为逐年上升,最高蒲城为每10a升高0.93oC;各月平均极端最低气温时间分布为1月最低,3月最高。     

海南岛最高和最低气温的非对称变化

利用海南岛具有46年资料的13个站点1959-2004年1月、4月、7月、10月及年平均温度、平均最高最低温度、极端最高最低温度，研究海南气温变化的气候特征，结果表明，海南岛最高最低气温变化在空间分布，线性增温趋势的稳定性、倾向率和突变现象均有明显的非对称性特征：最高气温变化的空间分布表现为北高南低，而最低气温变化的空间分布表现为南高北低；各季节的平均最低气温的线性趋势均稳定，极端最低气温在冬季和夏季线性增温趋势稳定，而各季的平均、极端最高气温增温趋势均不稳定；最低气温的倾向率在各个季节或年平均上比最高气温的倾向率大得多，冷季的线性倾向率明显大于暖季；平均最高气温在四季均不存在明显突变，而平均最低气温则均有突变。     

1985年吐鲁番的异常气候

一、冬季特暖 1985年冬季,火焰山以南的吐鲁番,从11月23日至翌年的2月27日,平均气温为-4.1℃,比多年平均高出1.5℃,比1984年冬季高3.1℃,极端最低气温为-13.2℃(出现在12月20日);火焰山以北的鄯善,从11月8日至翌年的3月9日,平均气温为-4.9℃,比多年平均高出1.2℃,比1984年冬季高1.8℃,极端最低气温为-16.9℃(出现在1月25日).     

龙胜县近50a来冬季气温变化特征分析

该文采用龙胜站1960年12月—2010年2月的逐日平均气温和最低气温资料,用一元线性回归方法对龙胜50a来年平均气温、冬季平均气温、冬季平均最低气温、冬季极端最低气温、冬季寒冷日数与冬季冷积温进行了统计分析。结果表明：50a来龙胜年平均气温、冬季平均气温、冬季平均最低气温和冬季极端最低气温都呈明显上升趋势,其中冬季极端最低气温的上升最为显著;冬季寒冷日数与冬季冷积温都呈明显下降趋势。年平均气温和冬季平均气温的年代际变化特征基本一致,20世纪90年代开始都呈明显上升趋势;冬季平均最低气温和冬季极端最低气温自20世纪60年代开始始终维持上升的年代际变化趋势;冬季寒冷日数和冬季冷积温自20世纪80年代开始始终维持下降的年代际变化趋势。特别是20世纪90年代以来,龙胜年平均气温、冬季平均气温、冬季平均最低气温和冬季极端最低气温的年代平均值都高于多年平均值,而冬季寒冷日数与冷积温的年代平均值都低于多年平均值,龙胜处于相对暖期。     

阿勒泰地区冬季极端最低气温变化分析

采用气候分析的方法,全面分析研究近49 年阿勒泰地区冬季(11～3月)极端最低气温的区域分布为东低西高,最低值出现大部在12月和1月;并且60年代的冬季在这两个月均最冷;阿勒泰地区冬季平均极端最低气温49年来呈增高趋势,H值均大于0.5,具有持续性,即过去的气温呈增高趋势在未来仍呈增高趋势。     

咸阳市近60年冬季气温变化趋势及突变分析

利用咸阳市12个国家气象观测站1960—2019年冬季(12月至翌年2月)平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温等资料,采用一元线性趋势、累积距平、M ann-Kendall趋势和检验等分析方法,对咸阳市近60年的冬季气温变化特征进行分析.结果表明:近60年来咸阳市冬季平均气温、平均最高最低气温、极端最高最低气温和年均气...     

黔西南州极端气温时空演变规律研究

利用黔西南州8个国家气象观测站1961～2020年的极端最高、最低和平均最高、最低气温资料,以年代为周期,分析近60年黔西南州极端最高、最低和平均最高、最低气温的时空演变特征。结果表明：夏季,北亚热带季风湿润气候区及南亚热带季风湿润气候区的平均最高气温、平均极端最高气温在60年代至80年代处于持续上升趋势,在90年代略下滑,进入21世纪后又持续上升。北亚热带季风湿润气候区,近60年平均最高气温升高0.96℃,平均极端最高气温升高0.43℃;南亚热带季风湿润气候区近60年平均最高气温升高0.73℃,平均极端最高气温升高0.62℃。冬季,北亚热带季风湿润气候区平均最低气温及平均极端最低气温在70年代至80年代处于持续上升趋势,90年代略下滑,而进入21世纪又转为上升,近60年平均最低气温升高0.92℃,平均极端最低气温升高1.64℃;南亚热带季风湿润气候区,冬季平均最低气温及平均极端最低气温近60年呈持续上升趋势,平均最低气温升高2.35℃,平均极端最低气温升高3.32℃。     

新疆冬季日最低气温分布规律

在对新疆近60个气象测站30年冬季逐日最低气温资料分析基础上，总结出新疆冬季日最低气温的统计特征和日最低气温的频率分布特征，在此基础上，揭示了日最低气温的分布规律，因而确定了年极端最低气温的极值分布为Ⅰ型（耿贝尔）分布。这个结论在全疆大多数地区都适用。这对于异常寒冷气温的预测和工程设计及稠油沥青高等级路的抗裂性影响评估等具有实用价值。     

增暖背景下新疆冷冬与极端低温事件的联系

为了客观准确地描述新疆冬季偏冷的特征，基于新疆99个国家气象观测站1981－2020年逐日最低气温、日平均气温和欧洲数值预报中心再分析资料（ERA5）逐日最低气温再分析资料，对于冬季气温异常偏低年、冷冬年、强冷冬年以及单站极端低温事件、区域性持续极端低温事件进行了识别。结果表明：1981—2020年，新疆区域冬季平均气温异常偏低年与冷冬年有差异。新疆冬季单站极端低温事件总体呈减少趋势；12月和2月的出现频次高于1月，但12月减少速率大于2月，1月总体呈增加趋势。新疆共出现53次冬季区域性持续极端低温事件，其中，全疆型出现频次最高，北疆型次之，南疆型第三，山区型最少；出现频次最多的是持续10～15 d的事件；新疆冬季区域性持续极端低温事件发生频次减少，但单站事件持续时间并没有明显减少，而且影响范围在扩大。当冬季极端低温事件出现频次高、持续时间长时，50%以上的测站出现冷冬（强冷冬）时，区域内冬季平均气温一致偏低的概率较大；当冬季极端低温事件出现频次低、持续时间在10d以内时，出现冷冬的测站很少或没有，冬季平均气温一致偏低的概率较小。     

呼和浩特市气温变化及最高、最低气温的非对称变化

采用线性倾向估计方法计算了呼和浩特站四季及年平均气温、平均最高、平均最低气温及极端最高、极端最低气温、气温日较差多年来的变化趋势，并用最优二分割方法、Mann-kendall非参数统计检验方法对平均气温、平均最高、平均最低气温进行气候阶段划分和突变检验。结果表明：各个季节和年平均气温都存在显著的增高趋势，其中冬季和年平均气温增温趋势非常显著；最高、最低气温存在明显的非对称变化，增温主要发生在夜间，无论平均最低气温还是极端最低气温都存在显著的增高趋势，气温日较差都呈显著下降趋势。平均气温、平均最低气温、平均最高气温在1986年前后发生了明显突变。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.